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Henry, third fon of Thomas, firft earl of Berkshire, who died without iffue-male furviving, by which the honours and title, with the estate, devolved on the right hon. Henry Bowes Howard, grandson of William, fourth fon of Thomas first earl of Berkshire. This William, ancestor to the prefent earl of Suffolk and Berkshire, married Elizabeth, daughter of Lothiel lord of Dundas, in Scotland, by whom he had iffue, his only fon and heir, Craven; and two daughters; Dorothy, married to colonel James Graham of Levens, in Weftmoreland, being mother to the prefent countess of Suffolk and Berkshire ; and Anne, married to Sir Gabriel Sylvius, knight.

Howard; the honourable Thomas Howard; and Graham, who died at 14 years of age; also two daughters, Catherine and Frances, who died in their childhood.

The hon. Thomas Howard, his lordship's third fon, has his feat at Alhted, in Surry, and was elected member for Caftle rifing, at the parliament fummoned to meet in 1747, and was member in the parliament which met in 1754.

Craven, only fon and heir of William, married, firft, Anne, by whom he had one daughter, who died unmarried; and took afterwards, for his fecond wife, Mary, daughter and fole heir of George Bowes of Elford, in Staffordshire, by whom he had, his only fon and heir, Henry Bowes, who fucceeded earl Thomas in 1706, was introduced into the Houfe of Peers the 10th of January, 1708; and on the deceafe of Henry, earl of Suffolk, before-mentioned, fucceeded to the title of Suffolk with that of Berkshire. His lordship Henry Bowes Howard, the prefent earl of Berkshire, was, on the 12th of No. vember, declared deputy earl marfhal of England, during the incapacity of Thomas Howard, duke of Norfolk. He married, in March 5, 1708, Catherine, daughter of James Graham of Levens, in Weftmoreland, by whom he had iffue; lady Diana; Henry and James, who died young; William, lord viscount Andover; the honourable Charles

His lordship's eldeft fon, William, lord viscount Andover, has his feat at Elford, near Litchfield, was elected for the borough of Caftle-rifing, in 1737; and was re chofen for the fame place in 1741. He married the lady Mary, fecond daughter of the earl of Ailesford, and has by her one fon, Henry, and two daughters living, Catherine and Frances.

The noble family of the Howards are defcended from Thomas de Brotherton, earl of Norfolk, fifth fon of Edward the Confeffor.

Armorial Bearings.] Gules, a bend between fix-croflets fitchy, in order three over, and three under, argent, with an augmentation in the midst of the bend on an efcutcheon, or, a demi-lion, rampant, pierced thro' the mouth with an arrow, within a double treffure counterflory, gules.

Creft] On a chapeau, gules, turned up, ermine, alion, guardant; his tail extended, or, gorged with a ducal coronet, argent.

Supporters.] On the dexter-fide, a lion guardant, or, gorged ducally, argent; on the finifter a lion, argent.

Motto. Non quo fed quomodo.
Not by whom, but how?

Chief Scats.] At Charlton in
Wilts; at Levens, Weftmoreland;
at Elford, in Staffordshire; and at
Oxford.

An

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An ESSAY on PASSION.

Affion often makes a man of fense mad, and often makes a fool fenfible: paffions are the principles of action, which follows paffion as light does heat. Paffions are the excrefcences of the foul, and like our hair, or our nails, are becoming, or ugly, as they are kept cut. The pailions are the only orators that can always perfuade; they are nature's art of eloquence, and their ufe infallible; and the plaineft man, with paffion, perfuades more, than the moft eloquent man, without it. Every man has fome predominant paflion, which tinctures his fentiments and actions. Each stage of life has fome paffion peculiar to it. Love, ambition, and avarice, fucceed each other; the ruin of one paffion is the rife of another. There is fuch an inherent injuftice, and felf-intereft, in the paffions, that it is dangerous to follow them; and they are most to be diftrufted, even when they appear to be most reafonable. One paffion often begets its contrary; avarice begets prodigality, and prodigality avarice, &c. With all the care we take to conceal our paffions, under the veil of religion and honour, they always appear through the difguife. Paffion, like a mift, magnifies objects; pathons, like convulfions, make us ftronger, while the fit is on; but we are the weaker for it afterwards. When we refift our paffions, it is more owing to their weakness, than our ftrength. There is no regulating the paffions, if the conftitution is not confenting. All our paffions caufe us to err, but

love moft. We are far from knowing all the influence our paflions have over our actions. Every paffion implanted in us, for which we have no gratification, is a burthen. You may generally observe, that the appetites are fooner moved than the paffions; an allufion to bawdry puts a whole row into a pleasing mirth; when a good fentence, which defcribes an inward fentiment of the foul, is received with the greatest coldness and indifference. It is a great step towards the gaining upon our paffions, that there is a delicacy in the choice of their objects; and to turn the imaginations towards a bride, rather than a mistress, is getting a great way towards being in the intereft of virtue. Men, in their debates upon matters of difficulty, ought to be free from the paffions of hatred, love, anger, and pity, &c. The mind of man does not easily see the truth, where those obftru&tions are in the way. Affection is ftill a briber of the judgment, and it is hard for a man to admit a reafon against the thing he loves, or to confefs the force of an argument against an interest. It is ridiculous for a man to promise himself an alteration of conduct, from a change of place and circumftances, as the fame paffions will always follow him. Reafon, like a weak monarch, fets its hand, and gives its ftamp to thofe things, which its favourite paffion ftrongly recommends. Warm defires naturally ripen into correfpondent actions. Pleafure and pain, and that which caufes them, viz. good and

evil, are the hinges on which our paffions turn; our ideas of love and hatred are but the difpofitions of the mind, in respect of pleasure and pain. Uneafinefs at the abfence of any thing that brings delight with it, is called defire, and is in proportion to that delight; fo that uneafinefs is the chief fpur to human industry. Love, and the defire of glory, as they are the most natural, fo they are capable of being refined into the most delicate and rational paffions.

Joy is a delight of the mind, from the confideration of the prefent affured approaching poffeffion of a good; forrow is uneafinefs in the mind, upon the thought of a good loft, which might have been enjoyed longer; or the fenfe of a prefent evil. Anger is a difcompofure of the mind, upon the receipt of any injury, with a prefent purpose of refentment. The firft mo. tion of anger is involuntary: all involuntary motions are inevitable and invincible; for the motion, that proceeds with judgment, may be likewife taken away with judgment, What we call the natural affections of any creature, are thofe which contribute to the welfare and profperity of that whole, or fpecies, to which he is by nature joined: as all affections, which counter-work or oppofe the original conflitution and oeconomy of the creature, are natural, fo the most truly natural, generous, and noble, are thofe which tend towards public fervice, and the intereft of the fociety at large. Joy and forrow are the ultimate fcope of all the other paflions. Every joy implies a preceding weakness, or defect in the being - that enjoys it, and can therefore

belong only to imperfect erring creatures; and at belt is but a happinefs which has been broken, and is fwelled only by interruption of its courfe. Joy exifts by ftarts and fallies, and depends on the memory of the past, or the fufpenfion of fome prefent evil; an uniform conftant courfe of bleffings, either cannot excite, or cannot long maintain it. Predominant paffions fpread through all our tranfactions, and tend either to exalt or deprefs the man, according to the nature of that paffion. It is impoffible to make the paffions move by the rules of reafon and gratitude. One paffion is easier removed by another, than by reafon. Paflions were defigned for fubjection; when they over-rule, a man betrays the liberty of his foul. All paffions are in all men, but all appear not in all. Paflions are the blood of the foul, and are as neceffary to the health of the foul, as circulation is to that of the body. The greatest genius has the ftrongeft affections, and weak minds the weakest pasfions: if a man has not fire in his youth, he can scarce be warm in old-age. She who preferves a paffion for one abfent, feldom raises any in thofe who fee her.

Anger is a two edged paffion, which, whilft it deals its blows without, wounds yet more fatally within.

Gratitude is the most pleafing exercife of mind, and it brings with it fuch an inward fatisfaction, that the duty is fufficiently rewarded by the performance of it.

The foul, abfiracted from its paffions, is of a remifs and fedentary nature, flow in its refolves, and languishing in its executions.

the most happy degree of tempe

The ufe of the paffions is to ftir the foul to action, to awaken the understanding, and to enforce the

will.

Noble and generous fouls are little moved by any misfortunes, but what concern the fubjects of their fofter paffions; true virtue, though it regulates the paffions, does not extinguifh tender fentiments. We may bear like heroes, but muft feel like men.

There is pleasure in tender fenfations, which far furpaffes any that the barbarous are capable of tafting.

All the affections of men may be deduced from their originals, hunger, thirft, and luft; the modeft enjoyment of all these is virtue, and the excess vice. Pl. de Leg.

All men, young and old, have one common defire, namely, to accommodate every thing to their own will; and with this they are obliged by abfolute neceffity. Ib.

All our paffions, pleasure, pain, anger and love, are alike raised by wine. Ib.

Mankind have in them two counfellors oppofite to each other, and both fenfelefs alike; these are pleafure and pain; the opinion of both thefe, when future, is called by one common name of expectation; but the expectation of pain is properly termed fear, and that of pleasure hope that reasoning concerning thefe, which is the better, and which is the worse, in the opinion of the whole community, is what we call law. Ib.

All pathons covet their particular objects. Pl. de Rep.

Every man is poffeffed of wicked, barbarous, unjuft defires, even thofe, who appear to us to be gifted with

rance. Ib.

Thofe defires, or paffions, are neceffary, fays Plato, which we cannot turn afide from the purfuit of their object. lb.

Every foul purfues what it imagines to be its good, for the fake of which it doth whatever it doth. Ib.

All men defire to obtain whatever they affect; of thefe affections hunger and thirst are the ftrongest, &c. Ib.

Paflion warps and interrupts judgment. Tac. An.

The goddess of wifdom being about to flir up Pandanus to assault Menelaus, attacks his reputation of vanity and avarice. Thucyd.

Diodorus defcribes the I&huophagi, or fish-eaters, to be without thirst, and without any paffion; which, he fays, a little lower, is beyond all credibility. Ib.

He is a filly fellow, and dreams of impoffibilities, who imagines, when human nature is driven by a violent impulfe to any act, that it can be reftrained, either by the force of laws, or by any other terror; for the visible encouragements, fuggefted to men by defire and hope, have a ftronger fway than the most dreadful punishments, which stare them in the face. Thucyd.

It may not be improper to confider, in a word or two, what a frightful idea the Holy Scriptures give us of hell! It is defcribed by all the circumftances of terror, by every thing dreadful to fenfe, and amazing to thought; the place, the company, the duration, awake all confiderations of aftonishment. And why has God given this folemn warning? Is it not to awaken our fear, and guard our happinefs; to

reftrain

1

reftrain the diforders of appetite, and to keep us within reafon and duty? And as for the apoftate angels, the fcripture informs us of their loft condition, of their malice and power, of their active industry and experience; and all their qualities correspond to the bulk of their nature, the antiquity of their being,

Reflections on Friendship in Sovereigns.IT is not one of the leaft difagree

able circumftances annexed to the poffeffion of the diadem, that kings, in this more unhappy than the meanest of their subjects, cannot indulge themselves in the fweets of friendship, however ftrong their propensity; and that restrained by their very grandeur, the luftre of their rank renders them accountable to the public for their private affections. Sovereigns have fometimes been reproached for having no friends; and if they raife any of their fubjects to this endearing honour, immediately that petulance which blamed their infenfibility, exclaims against their choice; the cry is, that all favours are engroffed by thofe about the throne. Thofe grants, however, which appear irregular and exorbitant, fhould be lefs imputed to the profufenefs or ductility of princes, than to the infatiable ambition of those who obfede them. Charles, furnamed de la Cerda, a young Spaniard of illuf

and the mifery of their state; in short, they are painted in all the formidable appearances imaginable, to alarm our caution, and put us upon the utmoft defence. Collier's Review.

The minds of young men are flippery, and eafily debauched from difcipline. Herod.

From Villaret's Hiftory of France. trious birth, enjoyed the confidence and affection of John II. king of France, but his avidity betrayed him into many culpable steps. Having attained to the fummit of honours, and fhining in the highest fphere of royal favour, every greedy courtier was his enemy; the nobility, and efpecially the princes of the blood, were offended; yet, blinded by profperity, he did not fee, or he defpifed, the general hatred which his elevation was drawing on him, he pushed his good fortune too far.

This giddy favourite was murdered by affaffins hired by Charles the Bad, king of Navarre, of whom Mr. Villaret fays, "That he never contradicted his furname by one fingle act of virtue ;" and Mezerai, "That he had all the accomplishments and good qualities which a depraved heart renders pernicious, wit, elocution, addrefs, bravery, and liberality."

A Chronological Account of the remarkable Events of the Year 1762. Jan. 4. WAR declared against 18. War declared by Spain against

Spain.

5. The Czarina died. 12. The Zenobie, a French frigate loft on Portland Beach.

England.

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