MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.

No. XXXVII.

METROPOLIS PAVING ACT.

HE of St. Clement Danes has TH parish Tublished published the following Abstract of an Act of the last Session of Parliament, intituled "An Act for better paving, improving, and regulating, the Streets of the Metropolis, and removing and preventing nuisances and obstructions therein," for the information of the public, and for preventing penalties being unintentionally incurred:

Any person destroying, damaging, or defacing any inscription-board, forfeits 15s. and not exceeding 17. 10s.

Taking up, altering, or wilfully damaging any pavement, without the cousent of the surveyor 57. and not exceeding 101.

And for every square foot exceeding one foot so taken up, the farther sum of 51. and not exceeding 107.

Any person wilfully or carelessly breaking, damaging, or injuring any guard-posts or rails, 21. and not exceeding 101.

Neglecting to remove building rubbish, within twelve hours after being 'placed on the pavement, 57.

66

Preventing the scavenger from removing any other rubbish, soil, ashes, cinders, &c from any house, yard, &c. 57. Any person, except the scavenger, or those employed by him, who shall go about to collect or gather, or shall ask for, receive, or carry away," any dust, cinders, or ashes, for the first offence forfeits 101.

For the second offence 157. For the third and every subsequent offence 201.

Any person sweeping slop or slush into any common sewer, or upon any sewer grate 51.

Occupiers omitting to sweep the foot way before their houses during frost and snow, every day, except Sunday, before 10 o'clock in the morning, forfeit 107. Any person beating or dusting carpets in any public street or place;

Or, riding or driving any horse, carriage, &c. for the purpose of breaking, exercising, airing, trying, or exposing the same for sale;

Or, throwing or laying, or permitting to be thrown or laid, or to remain, any ashes, rubbish, dung, soil, offal, blood, - or other filth or annoyance upon the carriage-way or foot-way;

Or, killing, scalding, or cutting up any beast or swine, or other cattle, in or so near any street or public place, as that any blood or filth shall run upon or over the pavement;

Or, running, rolling, driving, drawing, or placing, or permitting to be run, &c. upon the foot-way, any waggon or other carriage, or any wheel, wheel-barrow, hand-barrow, or truck, or any hogshead, cask, or barrel;

Or, wilfully riding, leading, or driving any horse, ass, mule, or other beast upon the foot-way 21. and not exceeding 51.

Any person setting or placing, or permitting to be set or placed, any stall. board, chopping-block, show-board, on hinges or otherwise, basket, wares, merchandize, casks, or goods of any kind;

Or, hooping, washing, or cleansing, or permitting to be hooped, &c. any pipe, barrel, cask, or vessel, upon either the carriage-way or foot-way;

Or setting out, laying, or placing, or permitting to be set out, &c. any coach, cart, or other carriage, wheel-barrow, handbarrow, or truck, upon the carriage-way, (except hackney-coaches, or carts, &c. for the purpose of loading or unloading, &c.);

Or setting or placing, or permitting to be set or placed, upon or over either of the pavements, any timber, stones, bricks, lime, or other materials, unless properly enclosed by license from the surveyor;

Or, hanging out or exposing, or permitting to be hung out or exposed, any meat or offal, or any other malter or thing whatsoever, over any part of either the carriage-way or foot-way, or over any area of any house or building;

Or, placing or putting out, or permitting to be placed or put out, any garden or other pot (except the same shall be secured from falling to the satisfaction of the surveyor), or any other matter or thing, from and on the outside of any house or building, over, or next unto, any public street or place, and not immediately removing the same when thereunto required by the surveyor, whether the same shall have been set or placed by the housekeeper or his servants;

Or, replacing, after such requisition and removal, the same or any other stall, show-board, chopping-block, basket, wares, merchandise, casks, goods, coach, cart, wain, waggon, dray, wheel

barrow, hand-barrow, sledge, truck, carriage, timber, stones, bricks, lime, meat, offal, garden-pots, or other matters or things, or any of them; for the first of fence forfeits 21.

For the second and every subsequent offence, not exceeding 51.

Any person not removing, within seven days after notice, any hog-stye, slaughter-house, or other nuisance, 101. Keeping or suffering swine to stray about the streets, &c. forfeits the swine so kept or straying, and also 21.

Any person sifting, skreening, or slacking lime, without the surveyor's consent; or without a hoard previously ereted by license;

Or, leaving open or unguarded, or refusing or neglecting to repair any area-rails, coal-hole, trap-door, or cellar-8ap;

Or, leaving open for six hours after notice, holes excavated for areas, vaults, foundations of buildings, or other purposes;

Or, refusing, after notice, to remove any sign, spout, gutter, shade, or other projection, forfeits 27. and not exceeding 51.

Any person carrying soap-lees, night soil, ammoniacal liquor, slop, &c. in any other than covered carriages;

Or, carrying soap-lees, night-soil, or ammoniacal liquor, through any public street, &c. between the hours of six in the morning and eight at night;

Or, filling any such covered carriage, so as to cast any soap-lees, night-soil, ammoniacal liquor, slop, &c. into any such street, &c.;

Or, beginning to emply any bog house, or taking away night-soil, at any time, except between twelve at night and five in the morning, from Lady day to Michaelmas, and between twelve at night and six in the morning between Michaelmas and Lady-day;

Or, casting out of any cart or tub, or otherwise, any night soil, in or near any public street, the servant, in either case, to be imprisoned thirty days, and the master forfeits 51.

Any person erecting any board, scaffolding, bars, or other thing, by way of enclosure, without license; or continu ing the same for a longer time than expressed in such license, for every day 101.

Any person wilfully obliterating or defacing the name of any street, or the number upon any house, 27.

Any occupier refusing to restore the number within three days after notice, for every day, 10s. and not exceeding 11.

Any person obstructing any surveyor, or other officer, in the performance of his duty, for the first offence, 51. For the second offence, 101.

For the third and every subsequent offence, 201.

ENGLISH BISHOPRICKS.

Statement of the Value of the different Sees, according to the present Rentals; the inequality among them is generally little known.

Canterbury-The Duke of Rutland's cousin (Dr. C. Manners Sutton)

......

£

20,000

14,000

24,000

York-Lord Vernon's and Lord Harcourt's brother (Dr. Edward Venable Vernon) ........... Durhamn-Lord Barrington's uncle (H. S. Barrington) Winchester-Lord North's brother (Hon. B. North) ... 18,000 Ely-The Duke of Rutland's tutor (Dr. Sparke) London-(Dr. Howley) Bath and Wells-Duke of Gloucester's tutor (Dr. R. Beaden) 5,000 Chichester-Duke of Richmond's tutor (Dr. Buckner)................ Litchfield and Coventry-Lord Cornwallis's uncle (Dr. J. Cornwallis)

..... 12,000 9,000

4,000

6,000

Worcester-(Dr. Cornwali) Hereford (Dr. Huntingford) Bangor-The son of the Queen's English master (Dr. J. W. Majendic)

5,000

6,000

3,000

5,000

6,000

4,000

3,500

5,000

St. Asaph-Duke of Beaufort's tutor (Dr. Luxmore) .... Oxford-Brother of the Regent's tutor (Dr. Jackson)....... Lincoln-Mr. Pitt's secretary (Dr. G. P. Tomlins) Salisbury-Princess Charlotte's tutor (Dr. Fisher) Norwich-(Dr. Bathurst).... Carlisle-Duke of Portland's tufor (Dr. Goodenough) .... St. David's—(Dr. Burgess) Rochester-Duke of Portland's secretary (Dr. King) ...... 1,500 Exeter-Lord Chichester's bro

ther (Hon. G. Pelham) .... 3,000 Peterborough-(Dr. J. Parsons) 1,000

Gloucester-(Hon. Dr. H. Ryder) 1,200 Chester-Lord Ellenborough's brother (Dr. H. Law)

SIR,

A

1,000

To the Editor of the European Magazine. July 15th, 1817. CURIOUS coincidence has lately occurred to me, concerning one of the letters of our alphabet; and as such circumstances are generally amusing (whether they are useful or not), I beg leave, through the medium of your Magazine, to notice the particular singularity of the letter A, as an initial, which in my opinion has more of the principal words in the English language than any other letter in the alphabet. In corroboration of this statement, I submit the following words, which will confirm the idea: first, then, I will mention the arts and sciences included under this head, which are as follows: viz. acoustics, agriculture, anatomy, arithmetic, and ærostation, algebra, architecture, astronomy. Secondly, three quarters of the globe begin with this letter: viz. Asia, Africa, America. Thirdly, some of the most celebrated mountains, as the Andes, Alps, Altai, Alleghany, Appenines, Alpuxarras, and Arrarat, the one which Noah's Ark rested upon after the Deluge. Fourthly, some of the greatest generals that ever appeared in the world: namely, Achilles, Ajax, Alaric, Alexander, Alcibiades, Almagro, Amilcar, Amur, Amurath, Aratus, Antigonus, and the English Arthur, Alfred, Abercrombie, and Anson. Fifthly, there are a great number of religi ous sects, both Christians and heretics, as Arians, Armenians, Arminians, Anabaptists, Antipodobaptists, Antinomiaus, Alascani, Albigenses, Alogians, and many others too numerous to mention. And, lastly, I would observe the following very eminent divines: viz. Ainsworth, Aldrich, Allein, Allix, Alsop, Ambrose, Ames, Annaud, Arbuthmead, &c. I will not occupy your time in enumerating any longer, therefore shall conclude and if you think the above worthy of a place in your valuable Magazine, by inserting it you will greatly oblige, Sir,

Your occasional Correspondent,
G. E. H. ASHMEAD.

RECIPES.

No. XVII.

NEW REMEDY FOR THE HOOPING

COUGH.

Dnicated to the Society of Medi

R. RAISIN, of Caen, has commu

cine at Paris, a few cases of this disease in which the powder of the deadly night-shade was administered under his directions with complete success. After the exhibition of an emetic of ipecacuanha, or emetic tartar, the doctor commenced with the dose of a quarter of a grain (mixed with a little sugar) to a child 18 months old, twice a day. The following day the doctor encreased the dose to half a grain twice a day, which in the course of a fortnight succeeded in restoring the child to health. It did not disorder the stomach, and the child

preserved her gaiety during its use. The extract of the deadly night-shade is a favourite remedy for this disease with many practioners in this country, in which it was successfully adminis tered in the quantity of one grain twice a day to children of all ages.

IRISH EXTRACTS.

CONTAINING A CONCISE DESCRIPTION OF SOME OF THE PRINCIPAL PLACES IN IRELAND; WITH THE ANTIQUITIES, CUSTOMS, CHARACTER, AND MANNERS

OF THAT COUNTRY.

BY THOMAS STRINGER, M.D.

(Continued from page 36.)
THE GIANT'S CAUSEWAY,

BY DR. SAMUEL FOLEY.

(From an Antient Natural History of Ireland, by Wm. Molyneux, about 1694.)

THE Giant's Causeway is somewhat

than

English,

no.

from the town of Coleraine, and three from the Bush Mills, almost directly North. It runs from the bottom of a high hill into the sea, no man can tell how far; but at low water the length of it is about six hundred feet, and the breadth of it, in the broadest place, two hundred and forty feet; in the narrowest, one hundred and twenty feet. It is very unequal likewise in the height; in some places it is about thirty-six feet high from the level of the strand, and in other places about fifteen feet. It consists of many thousand pillars, which stand most of them perpendicular to the plain of the horizon close to one another, but we could not discern whether they do run down under ground like a quarry or Some of them are very long and higher than the rest, others short and broke: some for a pretty large space of an equal height, so that their tops make an equal plain surface, many of them imperfect, cracked, and irregular; others entire uniform and handsome, and these of different shapes and sizes. We found them almost all pentagonal or hexagonal, only we observed that a few had seven sides, and many more pentagons than hexagons, but they were all irregular: for none that we could observe, had their sides of equal breadth: the pillars are some of them fifteen, some eighteen inches, some two feet in diameter, none of them are one entire stone, but every pillar consists of several joints or pieces, as we may call them, of which some are six, some twelve, some eighteen inches, some two feet deep.

These pillars lie as close upon one another as it is possible for one stone to Jie upon another, not joining with flat

Europ. Mag. Vol. LXXII. Aug. 1817.

surfaces; for when you force one off the other, one of them is always concave in the middle, the other convex. There are many of these kind of joints, which lie loose upon some part of the causeway, and on the strand, which were blown or washed off the pillars. These joints are not always placed alike, for in some pillars the convexity is always upwards, and in others it stands always downwards. When you force them asunder, both the concave and convex surfaces are very smooth, touch another, being of a whitish freeas are also the sides of the pillars which stone colour, but of a finer grit and closer; whereas when we broke some

like a dark marble. The pillars stand very close together, and though some of them have five sides, and others of them six, yet the contextures of them are so adapted, that there is no vacuity between them; the inequality of the numbers of the sides of the pillars, being ofteu in a surprising, and a very wonderful manner, throughout the whole causeway, compensated by the inequality of the breadths and angles of those sides; so that the whole, at a little distance, looks very regular; and every single pillar does retain its own thickness, and angles and sides from top to bottom.

Those pillars that seem to be entire as they were originally, are at the top fiat and rough, without any graving or striate lines; those which lie towards the sea are washed smooth; and others that seem to have their natural tops blown or washed off, are some concave, others convex.

The high bank hanging over the causeway on that side which lies next to it. aud towards the sea, seems to be for the most part composed of the common sort of craggy rock, only we saw a few irregular pillars of the east side, and some farther on the north, which they call the Looms or Organs, standing on the side of a hill; the pillars in the middle being longest, and those on each side of them still shorter and shorter; but just over the causeway we saw as it were the tops of some pillars appearing out of the sides of the hill, not standing, nor lying flat, but sloping. We suppose each pillar, throughout the causeway, to continue the same to the very bottom, because all that we saw on the side were so.

N.B. The several sides of one and

S

the same pillar are as in the planes of chrystals, of very unequal breadths or lengths, call it either, when you measure them horizontally; and that in such as are hexagonal, a broader side always subtends, or is opposite to a narrower; which sort of geometry nature likewise always observes in the formation of chrystals.

DESCRIPTION OF THE GIANT'S CAUSEWAY.

(From Letters concerning the Northern Coast of the County of Antrim. the Rev. Wm. Hamilton.)

By

The native inhabitants of the coast, as they were the earliest observers of this wonder, so were they the first to account for the production; and, how ever rude and simple their theory may be, yet a little consideration will satisfy us that it does not deserve the ignominious appellation of being grossly ignorant and absurd. The Causeway was observed by the fishermen, whose daily necessities led them thither for subsistence, to be a regular mole, projecting into the sea, which answered for several convenient purposes; on closer inspection it was discovered to be built with an appearance of art and regularity somewhat resembling the works of men, but at the same time exceeding every thing of the like kind which had been seen; and it was found that human sagacity, ingenuity, and experience, if supported by perseverance and great power, might be abundantly adequate to its production.

The chief defect in this simple analogy, seems to have been the want of strength equal to the effect; but this was soon supplied in the traditions of a fanciful people, and Fin Ma Cool, the celebrated hero of ancient Ireland, became the giant under whose forming hand this curious structure was erected,

It was afterwards discovered, that a pile of similar pillars was placed somewhere on the opposite coast of Scotland, and as the business of latitudes and longitudes was not at that time accurately ascertained, a general confused notion prevailed that this mole was continued across the sea, and connected the Scottish and Irish coasts together.

The Causeway itself is generally described as a mole or quay projecting from the base of a steep promontory, some hundred feet into the sea, and is formed of perpendicular pillars of basaltes, which stand in contact with each

other, exhibiting an appearance not much unlike a solid honeycomb. The pillars are irregular prisms of various denominations, from four to eight sides; but the hexagonal columns are as numerous as all the others together.

On a minute inspection, each pillar is found to be separable into several joints, whose articulation is neat and compact beyond expression: the convex termination of one joint always meeting a concave socket in the next; besides which, the angles of one frequently shoot over those of the other, so that they are completely locked together, and can scarcely be separated without a fracture of some of their parts. The sides of each column are unequal among themselves, but the contiguous sides of adjoining columns are always of equal dimensions, so as to touch in all their parts.

Though the angles be of various magnitudes, yet the sum of the contiguous angles of adjoining pillars always makes up four right ones. Hence there are no void spaces among the basaltes, the surface of the Causeway exhibiting to view a regular and compact pavement of polygon stones. The outside covering is soft, and of a brown colour, being the earthy parts of the stone nearly deprived of its metallic principle by the action of the air, and of the marine acid which it receives from the

sea.

These are the obvious external characters of this extraordinary pile of basaltes, observed and described with wonder by every one who has seen it. But it is not here our admiration should cease-whatever the process was by which Nature produced that beautiful and curious arrangement of pillars of the Giant's Causeway, the cause, far from being limited to that spot alone, appears to have extended through a large tract of country in every direction; insomuch, that many of the common quarries for several miles round, seem to be only abortive attempts towards the production of a Giant's Causeway. From want of attention to this circumstance, a vast deal of time and labour has been idly spent in minute examinations of the Causeway itself; in tracing its course under the ocean, pursuing its columns into the ground, determining its length and its breadth, and the number of its pillars. With numerous wild conjectures concerning its original; all of which cease