ĕp'och, etiquette, folk, flaccid, hemistich, lichen, lough, mechanism, or'chestra, pack.

45

33

Panic, pentateuch, pique, quake, quay, quoth, quirk, sceptic (also spelled skeptic), schedule, technical, tetrarch, vaccinate.

58. g:-(30th, vocal, as in gag). Anger, bag, brogue, burgh, craggy, egg, finger, fugue.

Fungous, gamut, gear, gherkin, ghost, gibber, gibberish, gibbous, gibcat, giddy, gig, giggle, gimlet, gimp, gird, guerdon, guide,* guise.

Insignia, keg, longer, oppugnancy, physiognomy, physiognomical, ragged, regatta, rogue, scraggy, vague, younger.

59. (31st, aspirate, S:

(31st, aspirate, as in sad. Where the x occurs in the following words, it includes two sounds, those of k and s). Apsis, abuse (when a noun), beside, cell.

Chasten, design, desists, dissuade, dose, dupes, finance', fists, flaccid, gas, griefs, hasten, heresy, hosts, laughs, lax.

29

ET

Mace, mass, months, obese, packs, pincers, poësy, psalm, psalmist, question, rescind, scene, sceptre, schism,45 science.

Scimitar, styx, tacit, thesis, use (when a noun), verse verbose, vaccinate.

60. Z: – (32d, vocal, as in zeal. Where x occurs in the following words, it includes two sounds, those of g and z, as in exert). Absolves, abuse (when a verb), babes, balls.

61. sh:

46

Bars, basilisk, baths, bathes, brazen, breathes, caves, commas, com'plaisant," com'plaisance, cousin, discern, disloyal.

Disposal, exert, exempt, exist, has, houses, hussars, is, luxuriant, maze, mechanism, metaphrase, mizzen, moves, noisy, oaths.

46

Observes, pains, plagues, possess, presidert, prices prizes, puzzle, raisin, refusal, resume, sacritice, scissors seas, solecism.45

Songs, suffice, suffuse, use (when a verb), venison. villages, views, was, ways, weasand, weasel.47

:- (33d, aspirate, as in shine. Pronounce this elemen

According to Walker, Smart, and other high authorities, there should be a slight sound of e or y after the g in g'uard, g'uile, g'uise, &c. Many good speakers follow this mode; but it is a matter of taste, which every teacher ean decide for himself.

carefully in such words as shriek, shrug. Do not say
sriek, srug.
Where x occurs in the following
words, it indicates the included sound of k preceding
sh). Adventitious, aspersion, assure, aversion, captious,
cassia.

Capuchin', censure, chagrin', chaise, chandelier', charade, charlatan, chevalier, chicane,55 chivalry, computation, condition, conscious.

Crucifixion, conversion, deficient, diversion, farinaceous, flexion, lotion, machine, marsh, match, martial, modish, musician.

Nation, nauseous, ocean, pacha, păr'achute, passion, pension, reversion, sash, scutcheon.

Shall, shriek, shrill, shrink, shrove, shrub, special, specious, sugar, sure, surreptitious, version.

62. Z:— (34th, vocal, as in azure). Adhesion, ambrosial, clausure, collision, confusion, decision, explosion, fusion, glazier, leisure, measure.

I:

Osier, persuasion, razure, roseate, rouge, transition, treasure, vision.

COMPOUND VOWEL SOUNDS.

47

63. (1st compound vowel sound, long as in mind. According to Walker, a slight sound of e should be heard where the apostrophe is placed after k or g in the following words). Acclivous, aisle, ally, anodyne, apply. Aspirant, awry, be-g'uile, benign, bias, buy, buyer, canine, carmine, columbine, condign, crocodile, cycle, defies, diet, dyer, dynasty.

EI

16

Exile, eye, feline, finite, g'uide, g'uile, g'uise, high, height, hypochondriacal, hyperbole, idyl, indict, island, isle, k'ind, lithe.

16

Malign, maniacal, mank'ind, oblige, Orion, paradisiacal, papyrus, parasite, piebald, pint, proselyte, pyre, recondite, replied, rive.

Rye, saline, satellite, satiety, satisfy, senile, shrive, sinëcure,16 sign, siren, sk'y, sleight.

Society, stipend, supine, time, tripod, trite, twilight, type, viaduct, vinous, viol, viscount, writhe.

64, ū:-(2d, long, as in mute. It has a y consonant sound before it). Abuse, argue, beauty, bitu'men, bitu'minous, cæsura, constitute, cube.

As if mute were spelled m'yoot. The sound of long, diphthongal u, as given in the exercises under this sound above, should be carefully dis

Curule, curfew, dew, due, duke, eulogy, feud, feudal, gubernatorial, hue, imbue, impugn, institution, knew (not noo), mildew, minutiæ, neutral.

New, newt, oppugn, pentateuch, pewter, produce, pursuit, reduce, renewal, repute, residue, retinue, scorbutic, sinew, skewer.

Steward, sue, suit, tube, Tuesday, tumid, tune, tutor, view, virtue.

65. ou: (3d, as in house, bound, &c.). Arouse, astound, bounteous, bout, brow, brown, browse, cloudy, compound, couch, cowslip, doughty, dowry.

35

Drought, droughty, endow, flout, fountain, loud, lounge, noun, now, ounce, plough, powder, propound,

renown.

Shout, sour, shower, thou, thousand, vouch, vouchsafe, vowel, without.

66. oi:—(4th, as in noise, voice, &c. Beware of perverting this sound into 7). Alloy, anoint, appoint, avoid, boiler, boy, broil, buoy, choice, coif.

Coin, decoy, doit, embroider, embroil, employ, foible, hoist, join, joint, jointure, moiety, noisome, oil, oyster, point.

Poise, poison, quoin, quoit, recoil, royal, soil, spoil, toil, toilsome, toy, troy.

COMPOUND CONSONANT SOUNDS.

67. ch:- (1st compound consonant sound, aspirate, as in each, chest, &c.). Attach, anchovy, beach, chair, chalk, chamber, champion, charity, charming, charter, chary,69 check, chin, cochineal.

Inch, march, milch, mis'chievous, much, niche, righteous, satchel, scorch, touchedst, truncheon, vouch.

33

69, j(2d, vocal, as in jar). Age, ægis, astringent, bulge,

doge, divulged, exchanged, huge, jejune, jungle, gelatin gelid, gem, gem'ini, ge-o-pon ́ics.

Gerund, gibbet, gibe, giblet, gilly-flower, gin, ginger, gipsy, giraffe', girandole, gist, gymnas'tic, gymno'tus,

gyre.

Gyr-falcon, gypsum, gyve, obliged, per'jure, refuge, registry, soldier, stage, suggest.

criminated. Readers are very apt to slight it. In regard to the introduction of this sound after land r, see note, page 15. Where we have marked the long in this work, it is intended to indicate that the y sound should be introduced.

Long a before r has a modified sound, as in care. Apply this sound to the following words: Apparent, hare, bear, charity, chary, dare, daring, fair, pair, heir, ne'er, parent, repair, scare, share, stair, tear, there, transparent, transparency.

70. Intermediate a is a sound between that of a in father and a in fat. It occurs in words of the following class: Advance, alas, basket, brass, castle, clasp, dance, fast, glance, glass, graft, pass, quaffed, shaft, slander, task, trance, vast, waft.

71. The vowels * e, i, u and y, and their equivalents, have a short and obtuse I sound when followed by r in a monosyllable or in an accented syllable; as, her, deter, fir, occur, myrrh. The same sound may take place in an unaccented syllable; as, poverty, several. In this class of words be careful to give the r its pure but untrilled sound. Do not say fust for first, bust for burst, povuhty for poverty, &c. Practise the following:

$7

Bird, burn, burnish, burst, colonel, cur, curst, curtain, dearth, durst, earl, early, earn, earth, err, erst, first, fur, furl. Girl, girt, heard, hearse, her, hirsute, hyper bolë, irksome, journey, learn, learning, merchant, mirth, myrrh, nervous,

nurst.

Pearl, purse, rehearse, term, terse, therefore, third, turf, vernal, virgin, virtue, were, worst.

72. A vowel is said to be " obscured," when, in order to gain in ease or rapidity of enunciation, we make the sound some shades less decidedly what it would be if the syllable in which it occurs were accent'ed. Obscure the vowel sounds indicated by the Italicized letters in the following words:

Arrival, blossom, brier, cabal, comma, † compass," equally, grammar, husband, infinite, instantly, nation.

Nobleman, parrot, penalty, ribald, rival, robber, sulphur, temperance, venal, verbal.

73. In the following and many similar words, vowel sounds occurring in unaccented syllables ought not to be obscured. Do not say feller, morrer, &c. The vowel sounds referred to are here represented by Italicized letters:

Anthem, apology, appetite, barrow, billow, cohere, colony, compromise, council, crocodile, deputy, desolate, dividend, educate, engraver, fellow, follow, fortune, goodness.

*The short sound of o followed by r is the same as broad a, or the fourth elementary sound, in fall; as, nor, form, storm, adorn, forlorn, morn, &c. But o falls under the er sound in word, worth, worm, &c.

† A final and unaccented in a syllable or word has generally an obscure sound of a in father.

Hero, hollow, latin, memorable, motto, morrow, nature, opposite, philosophy, pillow, potato, profane, sorrow, statue, thorough, tobacco, vigil, virtue, wallow, window.

CONSONANT COMBINATIONS.

In the following Exercises, consonant combinations, in which every letter has its elementary sound, and which are isolated from words, are given as formulas for the sound to be applied to the Italicized portions of the words which follow as examples. It may be well for the pupil to first utter the word, and then verify the sound of the Italicized letters by reference to the corresponding combination preceding it. He may then enounce the combinations separately; but should he find this difficult, the purpose will be answered if he be made to understand the object of the isolated consonants, where the letters differ from those in the corresponding words. The order of the leading consonant sounds is according to that in the table, page 11. 74. Md, mdst, mf, mfs, mft, mp, mps. - Doom'd, doom'dst, triumph, nymphs, triumph'd,* imp, imps.

75. Mpst, mst, mt, mts, mtst, mz. - Thump'st, com'st, attempt, prompts, prompt'st, sums.

76. Nch, ncht, nd, ndst, ndz, ngd. — Flinch, flinch'd, bend, bend'st, bends, hang'd.

77. Ngdst, ngk, ngks, ngkst, ngkt.— Hang'dst, wink, sinks, sink'st, sink'd.

78. Ngth, ngths, ngz, nj, njd, ns. — Length, lengths, hangs, range, changed, wince.

79. Nsh, nst, nt, nth, nths, nts, ntst, nz. — taunt, plinth, months, taunts, taunt'st, fins.

Avalanche, canst,

80. Lb, lbd, lbz, lch, lcht, ld, last, ldz. - Bulb, bulb'd, bulbs, milch, filch'd, hold, hold'st, holds.

81. Lf, lfs, lft, lj, ljd, lk, lks, lkt, lkts, lm.- Gulf, gulfs, delft, bulge, bulg'd, silk, silks, mulct, mulcts, whelm.

82. Lmd, Imz, ln, lp, lps, lpst, lpt, ls, lst, lt. Whelm'd, whelms, fall'n, whelp, helps, help'st, help'd, false, fall'st, fault. 83. Lth, lths, lts, ltst, lv, lvd, lvz, lz.- Health, healths, faults, halt'st, shelve, shelv’d, shelves, halls.

81. Rb, rbd, rbdst, rbst, rbz, rch, rcht, rd, rdst, rdz.— Barb, barb'd, barb'dst, barb'st, barbs, march, march'd, heard, heard'st, herds.

85. Rf, rfs, rft, rg, ryz, rj, rjd, rk, rks, rkst, rkt, rktst. Turf, scarfs, turf'd, burgh, burghs, urge, urg'd, hark, barks harks't, hark'd, harkd'st.

86. Rl, rld, rldst, rlst, rlz, rm, rmd, rmdst, rmst, rmth rmz. ·Hurl, hurl'd, hurl'dst, hurl'st, hurls, warm, warm'd warmd'st, warm'st, warmth, warms.

*See note, p. 18.