Rome should have confirmed the peace; and the other twelve thousand in twelve years next ensuing, by even portions. Likewise they demanded four hundred talents for Eumenes, and some store of corn that was due to him upon a reckoning. Now, besides twenty hostages which they required, very earnest they were to have Hannibal the Carthaginian, and Thoas the Etolian, with some others, who had stirred up the king to this war, delivered into their hands. But any wise man might so easily have perceived that it would be their purpose to make this one of their principal demands, as no great art was needful to beguile their malice. The king's embassador had full commission to refuse nothing that should be enjoined. Wherefore there was no more to do than to send immediately to Rome for the ratification of the peace.

There were new consuls chosen in the meanwhile at Rome, M. Fulvius and Cn. Manlius Volso. The Etolians desired peace, but could not obtain it, because they would accept neither of the two condi tions before propounded. So it was decreed, that one of the consuls should make war upon the Ætolians, the other upon Antiochus in Asia. Now, though shortly there came news that Antiochus was already vanquished in battle, and had submitted himself unto all that could be required at his hands; yet, since the state of Asia was not like to be so thoroughly settled by one victory, but that many things might fall out worthy of the Romans' care, Cn. Manlius, to whom Asia fell by lot, had not his province changed.

Soon after this came the embassadors of king Antiochus to Rome, accompanied with Rhodians and some others, yea, by king Eumenes in person, whose presence added a goodly lustre to the business in hand. Concerning the peace to be made with king Antiochus, there was no disputation; it was generally approved. All the trouble was about the distribution of the purchase. King Eumenes reckoned up

his own deserts, and comparing himself with Masinissa, hoped that the Romans would be more bountiful to him than they had been to the Numidian, since they had found him a king indeed, whereas Masinissa was only such in title, and since both he and his father had always been their friends, even in the very worst of the Roman fortune. Yet was there much ado to make him tell what he would have,-he still referring himself to their courtesy, and they desiring him to speak plain. At length he craved that they would bestow upon him as much of the country by them taken from Antiochus as they had no purpose to keep in their own hands; neither thought he it needful that they should trouble themselves with the care of giving liberty to many of the Greek towns that were on Asia side. For since the most of those towns had been partakers with the king in his war, it was no reason that they should be gainers by his overthrow. The Rhodians did not like of this; they desired the senate to be truly patrons of the Grecian liberty, and to call to mind that no small part of Greece itself had been subject unto Philip, and served him in his war, which was not alleged against him as a cause why they should not be made free after that Philip was overcome. But the main point whereon they insisted was this, That the victory of the Romans against king Antiochus was so great, as easily might satisfy the desires of all their friends. The senate was glad to hear of this, and very bountifully gave away so much, that every one had cause to be well pleased.

Such end had the war against king Antiochus; after which, L. Cornelius Scipio, returning home, had granted unto him the honour of a triumph, the pomp whereof exceeded in riches, not only that of Titus Quintius Flaminius, but of any ten that Rome had beheld unto that day. Now, forasmuch as the surname of The African had been given unto P. Scipio, it was thought convenient by some to reward L. Sci

pio with the title of The Asiatic, which the fortune of his victory had no less deserved, though the virtue requisite to the purchase thereof was no way correspondent.

SECT. IX.

The Etolians and the Gallo-Greeks vanquished by the Roman consuls Fulvius and Manlius. Manlius hardly obtains a triumph, being charged (among other objections) with attempting to have passed the bounds appointed as fatal to the Romans by Sibyl. Of Sibyl's prophecies; the books of Hermes, and that inscription, Simoni Deo Sancto. The ingratitude of Rome to the two Scipios. Of the beginning of faction among the Roman nobility.

MARC. FULVIUS and Cn. Manlius had the same charge divided between them which L. Cornelius Scipio, now stiled Asiaticus, had lately undergone. It was found more than one man's work to look at once to Greece and Asia; and for this reason was it ap parent that L. Scipio had granted so long a truce to the Etolians. But since, in this long interim of truce, that haughty little nation had not sought to humble itself to the Roman majesty, it was now to be brought unto more lowly terms than any other of the Greeks. The best was, that so great a storm fell not unexpected upon the Etolians. They had foreseen the danger when their embassadors were utterly denied peace at Rome, and they had provided the last remedy,-which was, to entreat the Rhodians and Athenians to become intercessors for them. Neither were they so dejected with any terrible apprehensions that they could not well devise upon helping themselves, even by re-purchase of countries lost, where they spied advantage.

Poor king Aminander lived in exile among them, whilst Philip of Macedon kept from him possession of his lands and castles. But the Athamanians (besides that many of them bore a natural affection to their own prince) having been long accustomed to serve a mountain lord, that conversed with them af ter a homely manner, could not endure the proud and insolent manner of command used by the captains of Philip's garrisons. They sent, therefore, some few of them to their king, and offered their service towards his restitution. At the first there were only four of them; neither grew they, at length, to more than two and fifty, which undertook the work. Yet assurance that all the rest would follow, made Aminander willing to try his fortune. He was at the borders with a thousand Etolians, upon the day appointed; at which time his two-and fifty adventurers, having divided themselves into four parts, occupied, by the ready assistance of the multitude, four of the chief towns in the country to his use. The fame of this good success at first, with divers letters running from place to place, wherein men were exhorted to do their best in helping forward the action, made the lieutenants of Philip unable to think upon resistance. One of them held the town of Theium a. few days, giving thereby some leisure unto his king to provide for the rescue. But when he had done his best, he was forced thence; and could only tell Philip, whom he met on the way, that all was lost. Philip had brought from home six thousand men, of whom, when the greater part could not hold out in such a running march, he left all, save two thousand, behind them, and so came to Athenæum, a little Athamanian castle that still was his, as being on the frontier of Macedon. Thence he sent Zeno, who had kept Theium a while, to take a place lying over Argithea, that was chief of the country. Zeno did as he was appointed; yet neither he nor the king had the boldness to descend upon Argithea,

for that they might perceive the Athamanians, all along the hill-sides, ready to come down upon them, when they should be busy. Wherefore, nothing was thought more honourable than a safe retreat; especially when Aminander came in sight with his thousand Ætolians. The Macedonians were called back from-wards Argithea, and presently withdrawn by their king towards his own borders. But they were not suffered to depart in quiet at their pleasure. The Athamanians and Etolians way-laid them, and pursued them so closely, that their retreat was in a manner of a plain flight, with great loss of men and arms; few of those escaping that were left behind, as to make a countenance of holding somewhat in the country until Philip's return.

The Etolians, having found the business of Athamania so easy, made an attempt in their own behalf, upon the Amphilochians and Aperantians. These had belonged unto their nation, and were lately taken by Philip, from whom they diligently revolted, and became Etolian again. The Dolopians lay next, that had been ever belonging to the Macedonian, and so did still purpose to continue. These took arms at first, but soon laid them away; seeing their neighbours ready to fight with them in the Etolian quarrel, and seeing their own king so hastily gone, as if he meant not to return.

Of these victories the joy was the less, for that news came of Antiochus's last overthrow, and of M. Fulvius the new consul's hastening with an army into Greece. Aminander sent his excuses to Rome, praying the senate not to take it in despight that he had recovered his own from Philip, with such help as he could get. Neither seems it that the Romans were much offended to hear of Philip's losses; for of this fault they neither were sharp correctors nor earnest reprovers. Fulvius went in hand with the business about which he came, and laid siege to Ambracia, a goodly city, that had been the chief seat of