render it distinctly in such words as when, what, while, whether, &c., to distinguish them from wen, wot, wile, weather, &c. Remark that in whole, wholly, whoop, in the following exercises, both letters come under the sound; in whale, only one. At the beginning of some words h is unsounded; as in honest, hour, heir, &c.).

Annihilate, behest, cohort, exhaust, exhibit, exhort hall, hartshorn, haunt, hostler, hydra, incomprehensible, inhale, inexhaustible, perhaps, vehement.

in

Whale, wheat, wheel, whelm, when, whether, while, whim, whimper, white, whole, wholesome, wholly, whoop. 44. ng:-(16th, as in king. Be careful not to clip the ng unaccented syllables. Do not say robbin for robbing. In the following words apply the sound to the letter or letters in Italic, and to such only. Heed the distinction in the Italicizing of hanger and anger, singer and finger).

57

Acting, anchor, anger, anguish, anxious, bank, banquet, being, bringing, conch, concourse, congress, conquest, distinguish, extinguish, finger.

Gang, hanger, hanging, languid, length, longer, longing, mătin, matting, nothing, robin, robbing, singer. sink, spring, unthinking, younger.

45. m:-(17th, as in maim. Do not say mechanisum, chasum prisum, &c., instead of mechanism, chasm, prism, &c.) Amity, balm, blame, calm, charm, column, comb, condemn, drachm, empty, famine, gum, hymn, lamb, limn. Limner, mime, mimic, moment, murmur, name, phlegm, realm, rhythm, solemn, tempter, time, umber, wampum.

32

46. n: — (18th, as in nun.

47. 1:

In words ending in en and in, note the difference between those in which the sounds of e and i are dropped and those in which they are retained. Heed the Italics).

An'odyne, banner, basin, barn, chasten, chicken, condign, cousin, deaden, deafen, deign, even, fallen, flaxen, foreign, frozen.

Given, gnarl, gnaw, gnome, hasten, heathen, heaven, kneel, knock, latin, malign, malignant, mourn, nonentity, noon, noun, oaken, often, pneumatics.

66

Poignant, poignancy, poniard, raisin, reason, roughen, satin, shapen, sloven, sign, stolen, swollen, sudden, sun, unanimous, wheaten.

(19th, as in lily. Remark that some words ending in

el have both these letters sounded, and others only the Heed the Italics).

Able, aisle, all, axle, bevel, castle,70 chapel, counsel, cripple, drivel, drizzle, earl, evil, flannel, flow, folly.

Grovel, isle, la-peľ, leaf, live, loll, lovely, lull, oil,c owl, parcel, solace, steeple, tackle, title, travel, weasel.00 18. r*:-(20th, R is rough or trilled, beginning a word or syllable, with or without a consonant element; as in run, shrill). Around, bray, briery,* contrary, crib, enrich, flowery,* frustrate, grape, library, memorandum.

Pray, rally, rare, raw, ray, regular, rheum, rhubarb, rural, shrug, throng, throw, tray, trumpet, wrap, wrestle, wry.

(R is smooth or untrilled when it occurs as the last consonant, or last but one or two, in a syllable or word, as in arm, debar, store.) Abhor, affair, appear, ardor, bar, bare, bark, border, butter, card, carve, commerce, cōre, cur, err.

32

29

Energy, expire, fir, garb, hearth, hire, hour, mercy, mortgage, nor, order, pardon, pure, rear, scarf, terse, universal, virtue, warder.

COGNATE CONSONANT SOUNDS.

49. p:-(21st, aspirate, as in pipe). Apt, bump, cap, happy, pabular, pap, pert, pilfer, pippin, pomp, populous.

Prater, prim, proper, puppet, pupil, rasp, sharp, slip

47

per, steeple, turpitude, vamp, whelp.

50. b:-(22d, vocal, as in bag). Abrogate, babe, baboon, bang, barb, barbarous, bib, blue, bubble, bulb, cabal.

Cub, disburse, ebb, ebony, fábulous, glebe, imbue, obstacle, rhomb, succumb, tube, unblessed.

51. f: — (23d, aspirate, as in fan). Aphorism,45 calf, caliph, chafe, chough, deaf, deafen, draught,29 epitaph, febrifuge, fife, fifth, fire, fry, graphic.

Half hyphen, laugh, lymph, metaphor, nymph, off, often, pamphlet, phaeton, phantom, pheasant, philter, phosphorus, phrase, profit, prophet.

* The distinction between r smooth and r rough may be illustrated in the words adore and adoring. In this last, the sound of smooth r is succeeded by that of rough r, as if the word were written thus: adore-ring. The sound would be very different if the word were pronounced thus: adore-ing. When followed in the same word by a syllable beginning with a vowel, the sound of r smooth is generally succeeded by that of r rough; as in arid (equivalent to år'rid), spirit (equivalent to spir'rit), căr'avan, miracle, &c.

70

Quaffed, rough, roughen, ruff, soften, sophist, sphere, sphinx, sulphate, sylph, symphony, tough, trophy. trough.32

52. V:—(24th, vocal, as in vote). Avarice, brave, cleave, even, fever, given, grove, halve,29 heaven, hive.

46

Nerve, of, pave, solve, starve, Stephen, twelve, vain, vivid, void, votive, weave.

53. th: (25th, aspirate, as in thin).

Am'ethyst, apathy, be trothed, both, breath, breaths, drouth, eighth, ethnic, forthwith, hundredth, lath.

45

Lethe,16 logarithms, lōth, mis'anthrope," mouth, myth, oath, orthodox, panther, path.29

Sixth, synthesis, thank, thenceforth, thesis, think, thousandth, troth, truth, truths, thwart, twelfth, Thulë.16

54. th: (26th, vocal, as in thine). Bathe, baths, beneath,

blithe, booth, booths, breathe, either, father, fathom,

heathen, hither, inwreathe, laths.

Lithe, mouth (when a verb), mouths, northern, oaths, paths, the, their, thenceforth, these, thither, though.

43

Underneath, unsheathe, whither, with, withal, wither, withhold, withstand, wreathe, writhe.

*

55. t:(27th, aspirate, as in tan). Abstract, asthma, attainment, brittle, chafed, chopped, danced, debt, doubt, drought, flourished, halt, hurt, indict.

Indictment, intestate, kite, laced, laughed, matter, phthisic, practised, replenished.

Salt, subtle, tantamount, tatter, taught, thyme, tight, titillate, trespassed, tutelar, victual, wrecked, yacht.

37

56. d:-(28th, vocal, as in did). Abridged, adjudged, bdellium, bed, charmed, condemned, could, dead, ebbed, fatigued, grazed, hedged, heard.

Judged, made, modest, paved, pedant, rigged, rivalled, saved, should, udder, walled, would.

57. k:— (29th, aspirate, as in kin). Ache, affect, archāngel, arch'etype, archives, cat-e-chu'men, chal-cedony, chame'leon, chaos, chicane'.

61

Chi-me'ra, chi'romancy," chirography, choler, choir,11 chord, chyle, clear, clock, comic, conch.

Conqueror, cucumber, cuirass,41 dark, distich, eke,

* In the preterites and past participles of verbs ending with an aspirate consonant sound, d takes the sound of t; as in stuffed, hushed, pronounced stuft, husht.

ĕp'och, etiquette, folk, flaccid, hemistich, lichen, lough, mechanism, orchestra, pack.

Panic, pentateuch, pique, quake, quay,33 quoth, quirk, sceptic (also spelled skeptic), schedule, technical, tetrarch, vaccinate.

58. g:-(30th, vocal, as in gag). Anger, bag, brogue, burgh, craggy, egg, finger, fugue.

59. S:

60. Z:

61. sh:

Fungous, gămut, gear, gherkin, ghost, gibber, gibberish, gibbous, gibcat, giddy, gig, giggle, gimlet, gimp, gird, guerdon, guide,* guise.

Insignia, keg, longer, oppugnancy, physiognomy, physiognomical, ragged, regatta, rogue, scraggy, vague, younger.

- (31st, aspirate, as in sad. Where the x occurs in the following words, it includes two sounds, those of k and s). Apsis, abuse (when a noun), beside, cell.

Chasten, design, desists, dissuade, dose, dupes, finance', fists, flaccid, gas, griefs, hasten, heresy, hosts, laughs, lax.

29

Mace, mass, months, obese, packs, pincers, poësy, psalm, psalmist, question, rescind, scene, sceptre,E schism,45 science.

Scimitar, styx, tacit, thesis, use (when a noun), verse, verbose, vaccinate.

-(32d, vocal, as in zeal. Where x occurs in the following words, it includes two sounds, those of g and z, as in exert). Absolves, abuse (when a verb), babes, balls.

17

Bars, basilisk, baths, bathes, brazen, breathes, caves, commas, com'plaisant, com'plaisance, cousin,16 discern, disloyal.

Disposal, exert, exempt, exist, has, houses, hussars, is, luxuriant, maze, mechanism, metaphrase. mizzen, moves, noisy, oaths.

46

Observes, pains, plagues, possess, president, prices, prizes, puzzle, raisin," refusal, resume, sacrifice, scissors, seas, solecism.+5

Songs, suffice, suffuse, use (when a verb), venison, villages, views, was, ways, weasand, weasel.17

:

(33d, aspirate, as in shine. Pronounce this element *According to Walker, Smart, and other high authorities, there should be a slight sound of e or y after the g in g'uard, g'uile, g'uise, &c. Many good speakers follow this mode; but it is a matter of taste, which every teacher can decide for himself.

carefully in such words as shriek, shrug. Do not say
sriek, srug.
Where occurs in the following
words, it indicates the included sound of k preceding
sh). Adventitious, aspersion, assure, aversion, captious,
cassia.

55

Capuchin', censure, chagrin', chaise, chandelier', charade, charlatan, chevalier, chicane, chivalry, computation, condition, conscious.

Crucifixion, conversion, deficient, diversion, farinaceous, flexion, lotion, machine, marsh, match, martial, modish, musician.

Nation, nauseous, ocean, pacha, păr'achute, passion, pension, reversion, sash, scutcheon.

Shall, shriek, shrill, shrink, shrove, shrub, special, spēcious, sugar, sure, surreptitious, version.

62. z:-(34th, vocal, as in azure). Adhesion, ambrosial, clausure, collision, confusion, decision, explosion, fusion, glazier, leisure, measure.

Osier, persuasion, razure, roseate, rouge, transition, treasure, vision.

COMPOUND VOWEL SOUNDS.

63. I: (1st compound vowel sound, long as in mind. According to Walker, a slight sound of e should be heard where the apostrophe is placed after k or g in the following words). Acclivous, aisle," ally, anodyne, apply.

Aspirant, awry, be-g'uile, benign, bias, buy, buyer, canine, carmine, columbine, condign, crocodile, cycle, defies, diet, dyer, dynasty.

EI

16

Exile, eye, feline, finite, g'uide, g'uile, g'uise, high, height, hypochondriacal, hyperbole, idyl, indict, island, isle, k'ind, lithe.

16

Malign, maniacal, mank'ind, oblige, Orion, paradisiacal, papyrus, parasite, piebald, pint, proselyte, pyre, recondite, replied, rive.

Rye, saline, satellite, satiety, satisfy, senile, shrive, si'necure, sign, siren, sk'y, sleight.

16

Society, stipend, supine, time, tripod, trite, twilight, type, viaduct, vinous, viol, viscount, writhe.

64 ū:-(2d, long, as in mute. It has a y consonant sound before it).* Abuse, argue, beauty, bitumen, bituminous, cæsura, constitute, cube.

As if mute were spelled m'yoot. The sound of long, diphthongal u, as given in the exercises under this sound above, should be carefully dis