tions of the two first volumes. The title to the firft is fome what injurious to Steele's fair fame, Le Babillard'; but the French tranflator, in his notes, has proved himself to be the moft arrant prattler, the most idle goffip that ever exifted. He would have deferved greater reproaches, if, among his idle tales, he had not preserved fome valuable information, which we could not otherwife have procured. We have much reafon to complain of the editors, for not feparating the wheat from the chaff, and for not tranflating the notes. Yet, in more than one paffage, they have tranflated a fhort French fentence in the text, while whole paragraphs remain untouched in the margin, debased often with the moft trifling impertinence. The title of the fecond volume is more appofite, Le Nouvellifte Philofophe; but the notes are not greatly fuperior. On the whole, we think this edition may be useful, if it be only to draw again the public attention to their editor, and, generally speaking, their author. In this early dawn, Steele and Addifon gave a specimen of their future brightness, very little inferior to their meridian fplendor. After a careful examination, we think the Tatler fecond only to the Spectator, and fuperior to the Guardian. We have faid enough of the general conduct of this edition; it only remains to give a fpecimen of the notes, which, as we have hinted, are more numerous than inftructive. The following piece of minute literary history is inferted in the notes, in confequence of Dr. Warton's remark, that Addison was fo nice in his corrections, that, when an entire impreffion of the Spectator was almost thrown off, he would ftop the prefs, for the fake of inferting a new prepofition or conjunction. This information (of Addifon's fcruples in the choice of expreffion) Dr. Johnfon gives on the authority of Mr. Spence ; and he moreover informs us, on the fame authority, of Pope's declaration," that Addison wrote very fluently, but was flow and fcrupulous in correction; that many of his Spectators were written very faft, and fent immediately to the prefs; and that it feemed to be for his advantage, not to have time for much tevifal." Mr. Tickell afferts, in his Preface to Addison's "Works,"" that the diftinct papers [in the Tatler, Spectator, and Guardian,] were never or feldom fhewn to each other, by their respective writers." It is hard to reject thefe affertions; yet all the papers must have been fubjected to the inspection of Steele, who delivered them immediately to the prefs, as this writer was informed by old Mr. Richard Nutt, one of the first printers of this work, whofe father, Mr. John Nutt, was Mr. Morphew's partner, as appears undeniably from a passage in the Examiner, vol. i. N° 11. Oct. 12, 1710. • Mr. Mr. Richard Nutt remembered that the prefs was stopped, and not feldom, but not by Addison, or for the fake of inferting new prepofitions or conjunctions; it was ftopped, he said, for want of copy. In thefe cafes, he had often a hard task to find out Steele, who frequently furnished him with the needful fupply, written haftily, in a room belonging to the printingoffice. This merry old man, who died but lately, mentioned upon recollection a particular paper, which he faw rapidly written by Steele, at midnight, and in bed, whilst he waited to carry it to the prefs.' We can only reprefs our regret, that this paper is not particularly marked: it would have been worth volumes of notes. The advertisements from the Bagford collection are very often curious; but the following, from the London Gazette, carries its own apology. St. James's, Jan. 10, 1702-3. Whereas Daniel de Foe, alias de Fooe, is charged with writing a fcandalous and feditious pamphlet, entitled, The Shorteft Way with the Diffenters; he is a middle-sized spare man, about forty years old, of a brown complexion, and dark brown coloured hair, but wears a wig, a hooked nofe, a fharp chin, grey eyes, and a large mole near his mouth; was born in London, and for many years was a hofe-factor in Freeman's Yard in Cornhill, and now is owner of the brick and pantile-works, near Tilbury Fort in Effex. Whoever fhall difcover the faid Daniel de Foe, to one of her majefty's principal fecretaries of state, or any of her majesty's juftices of the peace, fo as he may be apprehended, shall have a reward of 50l. which her majetty has ordered immediately to be paid upon fuch difcovery.' As a fpecimen of ancient drefs, we fhall tranfcribe the following note; and it has led us to wish that the plates, in this new edition, had been confined to reprefentations of the manners and habits of the times in which the Tatler was published we have nothing to do with Grecian ftories, and fictitious fcenes. In the reign of king Charles II. the ladies wore their "hair curled, and frizzled with the niceft art, and they fre quently fet it off with heart-breakers, artificial curls fo called. Sometimes a string of pearls, or an ornament of ribband, was worn on the head; and in the latter part of this reign, hoods of various kinds, were in fashion. Patching and painting the face, than which nothing was more common in France, was alfo too common among the ladies in England. But, what was much worse, they affected a mean betwixt drefs and nakedness; which occafioned in 1678, the publication of the book mentioned in a note on Tat. N° 215. vol. v. p. 352.", See Granger's "Biog. Hift. of England, vol. ii. p. 471. 4to. 1769. The fame modes of wearing hair, and hoods, feem to have conVOL. LXIII. June, 1787. F f tinued, tinued, with more or lefs variation, to the end of queen Anne's reign. Thirty years before the publication of the book alluded to above, William Prynne, gent. hofpitii Lincolnienfis, publifhed" The Unloveliness of Love-lockes: or, a Summary Difcourfe, proving the wearing and nourishing of a Locke, or Love-locke, to be altogether unfeemlie, and unlawful unto Christians. In which, there are likewife fome paffages collected out of fathers, councils, and fundry authors and, hiftorians, against face-painting, the wearing of fuppofititious, powdered, frizzled, or extraordinary long hair," &c. Lond. 1628, 4to. There is likewife a book in the fame form, and on the fame fubject, printed in 1688, and entitled, "Spiritual Armour to defend the Head from Superfluity of Naughtinefs." The scope of which is to prove that it is unlawful for women to cut their hair, polled or fhorn; and for men to wear the same to cover their heads. 66 From Mr. Benlowes's "Theophila," published in 1552, it appears, that black patches were fometimes ufed during the interregnum, by the beaux. About the fame time, a bill was read in the houfe of commons, against the vice of painting, wearing black patches, and immodeft drefs of women." Granger's Biog. Hift. of England," vol. ii. part i. p. 108, 4to. 1769. 2 vols. in 4 parts.' 36 We fhall add only the following anecdote of the duke of Marlborough, which we do not remember to have feen. A general officer of high rank, and the higheft eftimation, who held the character of the duke of Marlborough in great veneration, made feveral excurfions to Blenheim, where he was very inquifitive about the circumstances of his hero in the later melancholy period of his life. He was told, as he informed this writer, that when the duke was reduced to a state of childhood, led by the duchess, and a mere changeling, he happened once to caft his eyes upon the picture here mentioned, or at leaft a fine picture of himself; a fudden gleam of transient reafon fhewed him to himself, and bursting into tears he exclaimed, "Aye, that was a man !" It is defigned, we find, to publish alfo the Spectator and Guardian, with explanatory notes. In this attempt the editor will be more fuccefsful: he will know more; but we doubt whether he will be always able to say so much. A commendable delicacy, and a proper attention to the feelings of descendants, have reftrained him from adding the names of fome notorious offenders; and he may, in his future scheme, have more reason to exclaim Incedo per ignes A Syftem Syftem of Surgery. By Benjamin Bell, Member of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Ireland and Edinburgh, one of the Surgeons to the Royal Infirmary, and Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Illuftrated with Copper-plates. Vol. V. 8.v0. 6s. in Boards. Robinfons. WE have given fo ample an account of the former volumes, their merits, and the difadvantages which may arife from the minutenefs of fome parts, that little can be now required, except to announce the appearance of the fucceeding ones, and give a short view of their contents. The fifth volume before us contains fubjects very nearly related to each other; the two claffes of wounds and tumors; and to the last are properly added the excrefcences, and those deformities, whether of importance or otherwife, which, in a polished nation, are fometimes the fubject of the furgeon's attention. Mr. Bell gives directions for the treatment of every variety of wounds, either produced by accident or defign; by cutting or lacerating; by poifoned weapons, bullets, or fire. His decision on the neceffity of amputation, in confequence of wounds, in oppofition to the arguments and practice of M. Bilguer, is clear and juft. Of tumors there must be, of course, a great variety; and our author has defcribed them with propriety and accuracy. His treatment relates chiefly to applications, and chirurgical affiftance. This conduct, though perfectly right in a fyftem of furgery, might perhaps have, in fome inftances, properly admitted of the more effential internal remedies; especially as the profeffions of furgeon and apothecary are fo often united. In the tumors of the burfa mucofe, he might have added, that a brisk cathartic will often diminish them. We mention thefe, because we mean to extract our author's obfervations on the fubject, which is little understood. The burfæ mucofæ are small membranous bags, feated upon, or very contiguous to the different large joints. They naturally contain a thin, tranfparent, gelatinous fluid, which feems to be intended for lubricating the parts upon which the tendons move that pafs over the joints. They are met with in other parts of the body, but chiefly about the hip-joint, that of the knee, ankle, shoulder, elbow, and wrist. In a ftate of health, the fluid contained in these burfæ or facs is in fuch small quantity that it cannot be discovered till they are laid open by diffection: but in fome cafes it accuinulates to fuch an extent as to produce tumors of a confiderable fize. This is not an unfrequent effect of contufions and fprains; and I have often met with it as a confequence of Ff2 rheu rheumatism. The fwelling is feldom attended with much pain it yields to preffure, but is more elastic than where or dinary matter is contained: at firft it is always confined to one part of the joint; but, in fome cafes, the quantity of accumulated fluid becomes fo confiderable as nearly to furround the joint. The fkin always retains its natural appearance, unless it be attacked with inflammation. • The contents of these tumors are found to be of different kinds and this variety feeems to depend on the caufe by which the fwelling is produced; a circumftance which merits particular attention. Thus, when a fwelling of this kind is induced by rheumatifm, the contents of the tumor are commonly thin, and altogether fluid, resembling the fynovia of the different joints; at least this has been the case in any of thofe which I have known opened: while in fuch as proceed from fprains, there is ufually found, mixed with this tranfparent fluid, a confiderable quantity of fmall firm concretions. In a few cafes I have met with thefe concretions of a fofter texture, fo as to be easily compressed between the fingers; but in general they are too firm to admit of this. We may commonly, however, judge of this, by the kind of fluctuation which is difcovered in the tumor: when the concretions are foft, the fluctuation is ufually diftinct; but when they are firm, it is not fo clearly perceived, and they are easily felt beneath the fingers, on being preffed from one part of the fac to another. In practice it will be found to be an object of importance to be able to distinguish between those collections which proceed from rheumatifm, and fuch as are the confequences of old fprains for in the former, I believe, it will be feldom neceffary to propofe any operation; as in moft inftances, perhaps in all, the fwelling will disappear in course of time, merely by keeping the parts warm with flannel; by frequent frictions; by warm water being frequently pumped upon them, or by the application of blifters. At least this has happened in almost every rheumatic cafe of this kind in which I have been concerned. But in thofe fwellings of the burfæ mucosæ, which originate from fprains, although the quantity of effused fluid may remain ftationary, it will feldom, if ever, disappear entirely. In fuch cafes, therefore, when the tumor arrives at fuch a fize as to prove troublesome, we are under the neceffity of propofing an operation for removing it.' The only furgical treatment required, is opening the fac; when in the neighbourhood of tendons, by employing a feton for this purpose, which fhould not be continued long enough to produce pain and inflammation. The |