HIGHER LESSONS IN ENGLISH A WORK ON ENGLISH GRAMMAR AND IN WHICH THE SCIENCE OF THE LANGUAGE IS MADE TRIBUTARY TO THE ART OF EXPRESSION BY ALONZO REED, A.M. Formerly Instructor in English Grammar in the AND BRAINERD KELLOGG, LL.D. A Complete Course in Spelling, Language, Primary Speller. TURPIN. 128 pages. SPELLING By ALONZO REED, A.M., and EDNA H. L. 12mo, cloth. Price 20 cents. Word Lessons. By ALONZO REED, A.M. 192 pages. 12mo, cloth. Price 25 cents. LANGUAGE LESSONS Large Type Edition. Published, April, 1911 Introductory Language Work. By ALONZO REED, A.M. pages. 12mo, cloth. Price 45 cents. GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION Large Type Editions. Published, August, 1909 Graded Lessons in English. Large Type Edition. Higher Lessons in English. Large Type Edition. REED, A.M., and BRAINERD KELLOGG, LL.D. 12mo, cloth. Price 70 cents. 288 By ALONZO 297 pages. By ALONZO 442 pages. COPYRIGHT, 1877, 1885, 1896, BY ALONZO REED AND BRAINERD KELLOGG; AND 1909, BY FRANCES M. REED AND BRAINERD KELLOGG [6] PUBLISHERS' NOTE THIS new edition of Reed & Kellogg's Higher Lessons in English embodies the correction of such errors in the text as have been brought to light by the searching test of the classroom. The demand for the Reed & Kellogg Series has largely increased during the last two years. The orders for introduction received and filled during the year 1908 exceeded by more than 100,000 copies the introduction orders received during the preceding year. Hundreds of schools in different parts of the country which were using the books a few years ago and were induced to exchange them for books by other authors have recently reintroduced Reed & Kellogg. We submit this edition of Higher Lessons in English with the full assurance that the unprecedented popularity of the book will be increased and long continued. In resetting the entire book we have taken advantage of the opportunity to use a larger type and to make such other changes in typographical arrangement as would add to its beauty and utility. NEW YORK, July 1, 1909. PREFACE THE plan of "Higher Lessons" will perhaps be better under stood if we first speak of two classes of text-books with which this work is brought into competition. In one class are those Method of One Class of Text-books. that aim chiefly to present a course of technical grammar in the order of Orthography, Etymology, Syntax, and Prosody. These books give large space to grammatical Etymology, and demand much memorizing of definitions, rules, declensions, and conjugations, and much formal word parsing, work of which a considerable portion is merely the invention of grammarians, and has little value in determining the pupil's use of language or in developing his reasoning faculties. This is a revival of the long-endured, unfruitful, old-time method. Method of Another Class of Text-books. In another class are those that present a miscellaneous collection of lessons in Composition, Spelling, Pronunciation, Sentence-analysis, Technical Grammar, and General Information, without unity or continuity. The pupil who completes these books will have gained something by practice and will have picked up some scraps of knowledge; but his information will be vague and disconnected, and he will have missed that mental training which it is the aim of a good text-book to afford. A text-book is of value just so far as it presents a clear, logical development of its subject. It must present its science or its art as a natural growth, otherwise there is no apology for its being. The Study of the Sentence for the Proper Use of Words. It is the plan of this book to trace with easy steps the natural development of the sentence, to consider the leading facts first and then to descend to the details. To begin with the parts of speech is to begin with details and to disregard the higher unities, without which the details are scarcely intelligible. The part of 5 |