APPENDIX. No. 1. Verses addressed to the Emperor Franz Josef, by the " Youth of Linz,” and recited to him by a Linzer Student, on the 25th of November, 1849. The times were dark and heavy, and with destruction rife, From land to land thou speedest, thou goest from town to town, All hearts are bounding t'wards thee, all homages are thine, But thou art thoughtful, Master! at many a grey-haired head Yes, Master! it is true, thou hast bound with unsafe chain But see, oh, Star of Austria! the spirit of thy times These are thine own, oh, Master! whatever may betide, Their strength is thine, their labours, their havings, and their life; For thee they'll fight, thy foes they'll quell, or die in desp'rate strife. They who now stand around thee, in youth's bright, brilliant day, Then let no sad thought vex thee, thy heart's horizon clear, In place of Austria's veterans, now count on Austria's youth. This little poem, which has no great literary merit in the original, and far less in my translation, serves to show the spirit which reigns throughout a considerable portion of the Empire. This antagonism of the young and the old may be looked upon as somewhere about the greatest of Austria's internal divisions. No. 2. Letter from the Patriarch Josef Rajacic to General Hrabowsky. Excellency, Karlowitz, Aug. 1, 1849. With a bleeding heart, I take up my pen in order to describe to you the atrocities which, in certain spots where civil war has broken out, have been committed by the Magyar troops. In the Servian town of Futtak there was not one single enemy to be found, when the Magyar troops, commanded by your Excellency, burst into the place, some of them slaughtering innocent children, women, and old men ; * Viribus unitis, the device of Franz Josef. others seizing hold of a priest, stripping him to the skin, and dragging him after them in this state, whilst they forced him to show them the houses inhabited by Servians, and then plundered or pulled them down. In Mohol, the soldiers tore out the entrails of a priest, the venerable Constantine Popovich, and massacred his son.* Not to be depicted are the horrors committed by these wild troops, in the churches of Futtak, Földvar, Mohol, and Kikinda. I will pass over in silence the wanton destruction of all the objects belonging to the celebration of Divine Service; but I believe it is without example in history, that Christian troops, in a place they had taken, should have seized the Holiest of Holies-the blessed Sacrament of the Eucharisty, which was there in readiness for the sick, and should have dared to trample it under foot, setting fire to the holy altar itself, with nameless other horrors! . . . . At the image of the Virgin they fired their pistols; of the pictures of other saints they picked out the eyes. As they could not wreak their cowardly rage upon any Servian warriors, they outraged women and young girls, slaughtering them, together with infants and children, and all defenceless beings, cutting off their noses and ears. All that they could carry away, they plundered; the rest they destroyed. From the camp of Tarak there came no one single manno enemy could be found on the Neusatzer territory, yet the whole of Neusatzer Sallaschen is a heap of ruins. Excellency!-from this description, far short of the truth of the excesses of the Magyars, you may easily draw this inference; namely, that if to such barbarities some limit be not speedily set, this national war, provoked by the Magyars, may, nay, must soon turn to a religious war. I fear much lest I may soon be no longer able to withhold the troops, and their commanders here, from the commission of similar excesses, in the way of reprisals. I fear much that the Bâtchka, the Banat, and Syrmia, may soon be but a desert waste; I fear much that the entire benefits of a thirty years' peace may be effaced, in these countries, in the space of a few weeks. After what has happened, the Servian nation finds itself forced to self-defence; and, from the knowledge I have of the Servians, I am convinced they will fight for their religion and nationality to the last, and desperately, and sooner die than allow either to be touched. I must openly avow to your Excellency, that the Servians, after all the atrocities of the Magyars, have drawn the conclusion, that the Magyars, in respect to them, are bent upon a war of extermination. What will be the consequence? I believe this, that they will take a lesson from the Magyars, and repay them in their own coin. *The Greek priests, it must be remembered, are allowed to marry. Is it right that two brave, high-hearted nations, should ruin one another for the caprice of a few wild fanatics? is it right that the nation should here be slaughtered, which on the battle fields of Italy is sending forth its sons to fight like lions for the Emperor, and for the maintenance of the Monarchy, supporting the honour of the Austrian arms, giving their best blood to keep her banner spotless? I ask you, as an old soldier, as a man of honour,—have they done this, or not? Ask Marshal Radetzky, ask the other Generals in Italy-they will confirm my words. Is it right that, from the bench of Ministers in Pesth, they should hear the fathers and brothers they have left at home stigmatized as robbers and rebels, whilst they are fighting and dying for a common King? Is it right that so brave, so true a nation, one so entirely devoted to the throne and dynasty, should be massacred, because it asks for the rights awarded to it for services rendered, by Hungarian Kings and German Emperors? rights, positive and sacred, rights which, at the present hour, all nations possess or pretend to?-Excellency! the Servian nation has not the means of prosecuting a war which are at the disposal of the Magyar Ministry -the Servians never dreamt of war, until the attack made on the 12th of June, upon the unoffending town of Karlowitz, and upon all they hold sacred, provoked them to it. They were resolved to pursue the obtention of their rights by legal means. Therefore did they send me, with a considerable deputation, to the foot of the throne, to ask for help,-there where they had been ever accustomed to seek for aid and assistance. Whilst the Servians had recourse to this step which I, and every one must regard as a perfectly inoffensive, legal one, you make an attack on Karlowitz, an open, unarmed, undefended town - -a town which, as you well knew, had suffered frightfully but the year before, from fire and from storms, a town which had ever received you within its walls, with kindness, respect, and hospitality; a town more worthy of your pity than of your vengeance;-you time your attack upon a day holy throughout all Christendom, at an hour devoted to the worship of the Almighty-instead of the gifts of the Holy Ghost, the wretched town receives your balls, your bombs, and your murderous brands, which know no difference between innocent and guilty; your soldiers-Magyars,--set fire in cold blood to the houses, wound and maim women and children, shoot in the fossés, under the bridge, nine unarmed men-throw an old wounded man with his wife into a burning house, and then, pursued by some illequipped peasantry, fly back to their fortress! With this most ill-advised act, your Excellency has occasioned three evils: first, thirteen innocent lives have been lost, besides all those who have perished in the burning of different dwellings; secondly, you have driven the Servian nation forcibly from the road of legality, on which it hoped to attain its ends; but thirdly, the |