Valpy. Probably fr. Térapuaι, pp. of reipw, I penetrate perhaps κατ' ἀντίφρασιν. 66 Ilaxus: thick, dense; fat; rich; dense, stupid. Fr. Téτaxa p. of máyw, I compact." Valpy. Comp. Lat. opacus. "IоTπÚ2: a word formed from the soothing or caressing sound, which we use in calling a dog or horse; etc." Valpy. Rather, I think, from the sound made in patting a horse's neck : TожTνσμòs, Virgil, (G. 3, 186.) has expressed by plausæ sonitum cervicis. « Πέταμαι. From πτέομαι or πτέω, is πτεινὸς, winged ; #ol. TTEVVÒS, whence Lat. penna soft for plenna." Valpy. As perna for πτέρνα. 66 'Pów, eo, recta eo, celeriter eo, ruo; etc. deinde ire facio, duco, traho, rapio, etc. et huc pertinent púouai et épúw; ad priorem classem notionum, ut puto, pertinet RUMOR, púμn, etc. quæ proprie significant rectam motionem, processum, cursum, lapsum, etc. Proprie Virgilius rumorem adhibuit Æn. VIII. 90. Ergo iter inceptum celerant: rumore secundo Labitur uncta vadis abies : ut labitur fluctu secundo, Æn. X. Ausonius ab Heynio citatus: Interlabentis tacito rumore Mosellæ, i. e. tacito lapsu. Α ῥύω vero rumor, pvτμòs, ¿vßμòs, eadem varietate, qua ab aw, spiro, ἀτμός, ἆσθμα.—Sic, opinor, a ῥίω, rivus, ritus, ῥισμός, ῥιθμός, et apioμós." Dawes. M. Cr. 446-7. Ed. Burg. 66 : Eréλoμaι I draw together the sails, contract. Or, I lower them, DE-MITΤΟ. Οἱ δ' ὅτε δὴ λιμένος—ἐντὸς ἕκοντο, Ἱστία μὲν στείλαντο, θέσαν δ' ἐν νηῒ μελαίνη, Homer.” Valpy. The active is also used in the same sense: Od. T. 11. Oi 8' 10ùs karáyovro, id' ἱστία νηὸς ἐΐσης Στεῖλαν ἀείραντες, τὴν δ' ὥρμισαν : Π. 353. Ιστία τε στέλλοντας. 66 66 « Τιθαιβώσσω : I make honey. Αγχόθι δ' ἄντρον, ἔνθα τιθαι βώσσουσι μέλισσαι, Hom. From τίθημα and βόσις ; i. e. I place or lay up food,' Damm." Valpy. Nicander . 199. Tékva τιθαιβώσσουσι θέρουσαι, i. e. φυλάσσουσι. Perhaps it comes fr. θάω, τιθάω, τιθαίω, τιθαιώσσω, (as καπράω, καπρώσσω,) and has the same meaning as rionvéw." Schn. Lex. NUGE. No. XIV. [Continued from No. LXV.] 1. Remarks on Part II. Chap. VIII. of Scheller's Greek Grammar, on Prosody. P. 353. (Walker's translation) Exceptions, 1. 10. "The first syllable is long in Eos." Of Eos itself we do not at the moment remember any instance in the Latin poets; but the adjective Eous has the E common. Ib. 1. 11. "In Academia the penultima is long or short." Facciolati, in v. gives four instances from the Latin poets. Of these, that from Claudian (In Latium spretis Academia migrat Athenis) is of great weight, in proportion to the authority of that writer; that from Sidonius Apollinaris, for the same reason, is of no authority whatsoever; that from Cicero (Inque Academia umbrifera) is, as has been remarked, doubtful, as the line may be scanned either dēmīļūm or dēmĭăļūm; to which we may add, that the latter is rendered more probable by the custom of the Roman poets, who, in employing Greek names, are wont to adopt the free flow of Greek verse. line of Cicero, on this supposition, is perfectly Greek: ̓Ακαδημίῃ ἐν σκιερή, ψυχρώ τε Λυκείῳ. We do not unean, of course, that 'Axadnuía could be short in Greek. But the most decisive passage of the four is that of Tullius Laurea ap. Plin. Hist. Nat. xxxI. 2. Atque Academiæ celebratam nomine villam The P. 354. 1. 2. "In Geryon the middle syllable is common." The only authority (Facciolat. in v.) is Sidonius Apollinaris, Carm. XIII. 13. "Nulla tamen fuso prior est Geryone pugna." But surely it is high time to make some distinction between one ancient authority and another. "Romanorum lingua non penitus intermortua pessimi erant omnes poetæ, nihilominus ex istis quos supra nominavi, pessimorum pessimis, [namely Prudentius and Sidonius, of whom he had before said, "si pejores essent, (poetæ Lat. recentiores) ut nec sunt nec esse possunt, quam Prud. et Sid. Apoll." A sentence to which we heartily subscribe] unum [Sid.] sæpe a grammaticis testem de rebus poeticis appellatum esse meminimus." Landor in Quæstiuncula, p. 193. The Christian poets, so called, are in general as destitute of metre as of poetry. Christianity in modern times has produced Dante, Calderon, Milton, Klopstock; in ancient times it produced only Alcimus, Juventius Presbyter, Damasus, and Venantius Fortunatus. P. 355. viii. 1. 8. " Italiam is used with the first long, En. v. 361. Italiam non sponte sequor; though the first syllable is short, e. g. ibid. 1. Î15. Saxa vocant Itali.” The first syllable of Italus is common: En. v11. 643. quibus Itala jam tum Floruerit terra alma viris. It is not impossible, however, that this latter may itself be a licence, originating in the production of the first syllable in the quadrisyllabic forms. We have little doubt that Silius Italicus's "Sicăna procumbit pubes" originated in the common usage of "Sicănia;" since the quantity, not only of the first, but of the second syllable of Sicanus is here reversed; a phenomenon which cannot be accounted for in so correct a versifier as Silius on any other hypothesis. lb. 1. 12. The Romans used a licence in producing the termination iit, (not, as here stated, the simple it,) which is not to be confounded with common productions of a syllable at the cæsura. Ib. 1. 13.66 Faunique Satyrique." A line ought to be drawn between Virgil's use of this particular licence, and that of the other Roman poets. Virgil scarcely ever produces the que except where the following word begins with a liquid; for instances, see the Æneid passim; the only exception with which we are acquainted is En. XII. 363. "Chloreaque Sybarimque," where a proper name is concerned. None of the other Latin poets observe this distinction. Ib. I. 15. "Esse nihil." Probably on account of the liquid. P. 356. 1. 2. "dissyllable," dissyllable," a very common barbarism, which ought to be corrected. Ib. 1. 17. Honor for honos is inelegant; we have, however, Ov. Met. 11. 98. "quod vero nomine pœna, Non honor est." P. 357, paragraph numbered 2, 1. 7. "To these some add ărista from areo, &c.--though it is doubtful whether these be correctly derived." The derivations in question are indeed so far-fetched, that we doubt whether they were worth mentioning. Is glomus, ib. 4, always long? P. 358. Observations, 1. 1. 6. Where does semisopitus occur with the o short? We more than doubt the fact. Ib. 1. 9. "Connubium, from nubo, has the syllable nu sometimes long, sometimes short." It might have been added, that many consider ubi, in the passages which are adduced to support the latter assertion, as forming one syllable; an explanation, it is true, in which we have no great faith. P. 360. Exceptions, paragraph a, 1. 2. "It [re] is long in refert (Impers.) &c. Sometimes in religio, reliquia, recido, reduco, reficio, refero and relatum, repello, reperio." In religio and reliquiæ, we believe, re is not sometimes, but always long; in the present repello always short, in the preterite repuli always long. The explanation of the varying quantity of re, from its representing sometimes re and sometimes retro, seems to be the true one. P. 365, xx. 1. 6. "Theseĭda posuere, Virg. Georg. H. 383." What reason bave we for supposing that Virgil'intended Theseide as a quadrisyllable? P. 366. Note, 1. 3. We have little doubt that Beleus was the name of Palamedes's father. P. 369, XLIX. 4. macer is erroneously numbered among the words in er that have their penultima long. Virg. Ecl. 111. 100, Heu heu, quam pingui macer est mihi taurus in ervo! P. 374, 1. ult. "cavě." The distinction seems to be, that cave, when used in its primary office of an imperative verb, has the e long; when as an idiomatic particle (as cave faxis, i. e. ne faxis), short. To the cases in which the final a is long, might have been added Phadra, Hypermnestra, &c. if indeed the true reading in the passages where these names occur be not Phædre, &c. P. 375, l. 6. “We also have respondere of the third conjugation." We doubt this; but have not at hand the means of ascertaining the truth. See however Facciolati in v. and Scaliger and Bentley on Manilius v. 737. Sic etiam in magno quædam respondere mundo (Bentl. respublica, otherwise resplendere, res pendere, &c.) See also the notice of Burton's Manilius in the Classical Journal, Vol. xxvI. p. 327. Ib. Exceptions, paragraph 2, 1. 5. Sidonius again. Ib. v. " is generally common; as sermo, ego, cano, &c." The instances in which the final o of nominative substantives and verbs is made short are so very few, (we speak of the poets of the golden age,) that they can only be considered as exceptions to a general rule. In matters of metre, as of diction, Ovid is less correct than his contemporaries; and their successors than either. In the above observation we of course do not intend to include ego. What we have said will apply to several of the quotations in p. 376, art. 1. 2. P. 376, vi. 3. 66 however short. Hic, the pronoun, is common;" seldom P. 382. art. 3, 1. 8. Surely "Omnia Mercurio similis, vocemque coloremque," cannot be considered as a versus hypermeter. P. 384. art. 5. When synizesis occurs at the end of an hexameter, the latter vowel is almost invariably long. The only exception we remember is En. vi. 33. Bis patriæ cecidere manus-quin protinus omnia;-if indeed this be the true reading. Ib. art. 7. " At the end of a verse there is sometimes a superfluous syllable, which is elided, &c." Here also the syllable preceding the elided one is generally short; not always, as Georg. 11. 69. Inseritur vero et fetu nucis arbutus horrida, Et steriles platani. P. 388, art. 4. Virgil never concludes a line with a word of five syllables, except in the case of a proper name. The only exception is Æn. v. 589. Parietibus textum cæcis iter, ancipitemque. Ib. 1. 13. "Some believe that these monosyllables [ridiculus mus, procumbit humi bos, &c.] were intentionally thus placed, to give a peculiar expression; but this is mere conjecture," &c. It would be better to say that this was the case in some, but not in the greater proportion of instances. Again p. 389, note, "Some also believe that the poets often used dactyls to express rapidity, joy, cheerfulness, &c. and spondees to express tediousness, sorrow, &c. But this is quite conjectural: expressions of rapidity, &c. lie in the thought:" (this is expressed too much in the style of the English Matthiæ :)" and we often find dactyls in Virgil and other poets, when the ideas are slow and mournful; and the contrary; e. g. Sic fatur lacrymans, &c. Virg. Æn. vi. 1. Saltantes Satyros, Virg. Ecl. v. 75." But surely the entire verses ought to have been quoted: Sic fatur lacrymans, classique immittit habenas. It is true, that this alliance between sound and sense is much more studied by some Roman poets than by others; and most of all by Virgil and his followers. But that in many instances it was their object, cannot be doubted. When, for instance, we read in Virgil, Æn. 11. 460. Turrim in præcipiti stantem Aggressi ferro circum, qua summa labantes Sedibus, impulimusque. Ea lapsa repente ruinam Incidit : it seems impossible to believe that the construction of these two verses, and the extraordinary concurrence of two lines in sequence, each containing five dactyls, (a circumstance which does not occur above seven times in the whole of Virgil,) can have been accidental. So in the instances of the opposite kind. Those who are most intimate with the Latin poets will, however, be the best judges on this subject. Gray, whose observation was exquisite in these matters, and who has produced some admirable imitations of Virgil, shows that this peculiarity had not escaped him: see the fine conclusion of the address to West, where the sudden retardation of flow is evidently intended VOL. XXXIV. Cl. Jl. NO. LXVII. D |