Porter, in his "Hand-book of Syria and Palestine," says that 4000 Turkish soldiers were inhumanly butchered by the order of Napoleon after they had capitulated with the express understanding that their lives should be spared; while M'Culloch, although condemning the act, says it was justifiable according to the laws of war, and that the number was but 1200.. Porter seems particularly savage at the Emperor. Hear what he says: "In one of the convents, used as a military hospital for the French troops, Napoleon committed an act which is not only a lasting disgrace to the man, but a dark stain on the history of a civilized nation, that had stains enough without. Just before his retreat across the Desert to Egypt, Napoleon visited the plague hospital in this house, and invited such of the suffering soldiers as had sufficient strength to get into the litters prepared for their use. He walked through the rooms, affecting a careless air, striking his boot with his riding-whip, in order to remove the apprehensions in regard to the contagious nature of the malady. After all capable of removal had been placed on their litters, there was still a large numberfrom four to five hundred-left behind. What was to be done with them? A humane man would have made some provision for their safety at all hazards; a reckless man would have left them to their fate; but Napoleon ordered them to be poisoned! It must be recorded to the honor of the chief of his medical staff that, when the proposal was made to him, he proudly replied, My vocation is to prolong life, not to extinguish it.' Others were found, however, ready even to murder at a tyrant's command. Great allowance must be inade for the bitter feeling entertained by all English writers against the first Emperor.

The time from Jaffa to Jerusalem is 12 hours or 36 miles (all distances in this country being measured by time at the rate of three miles to the hour). The ordinary plan is to start from Jaffa in the afternoon, and rest for the night at Ramleh, in the Latin convent founded by William the Good, of Burgundy. This occupies three hours, and, by starting early the following morning, you arrive at Jerusalem in the evening.

On the way to Ramleh you pass Lydda or Lood, where may be seen the ruins of

the Church of St. George, so often alluded to in the writings of the Crusaders. This building was erected in the 12th century, and afterward overthrown by Saladin. A part of the walls and arches remain, overgrown with creepers, and present a very picturesque appearance, hardly in keeping with the squalid Arab village in which they stand.

Ramleh, the next place of interest, was conquered by the Crusaders in 1099, but the Saracens regained possession under Saladin in 1187. Shortly afterward it fell into the hands of Richard Cœur de Lion, and remained in the possession of the Christians until 1266. Modern Ramleh contains about 2000 inhabitants. It has, in addition to the Convent of the Latins, one belonging to the Greeks, and one to the Armenians. There are also two handsome Turkish mosques, one of which contains a fine white marble tomb, with gilt inscriptions, which incloses the remains of Ayoub Bey, a Mameluke who fled from Egypt when the French took possession of that country.

Between Ramleh and Jerusalem you pass through the village of Abu Gaush, renowned as the residence of a bandit of that name, who twenty years ago spread terror through the surrounding country. The ancient name of the village is Kirgat-Jea rim, where the ark of God remained until taken by David to Jerusalem.

Four or five miles farther on certain writers place the village of Emmaus, toward which the two disciples were walking when they met the Lord. For a lengthy description of the country through which you pass from Jaffa to Jerusalem, see Dr. Richardson's works.

The expense from Jaffa to Jerusalem, including the fee for the convent ($1), should not be over $4.

JERUSALEM.

We now come in sight of the Holy City. An Italian poet describes the effect produced upon the Christian army in the following beautiful lines:

"Now from the golden east the zephyrs born, Proclaimed with balmy gales the approach of

morn;

And fair Aurora decked her radiant head With roses cropped from Eden's flowery bed: When from the sounding camp was heard afar The noise of troops preparing for the war;