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run towards the Dead Sea, speaks of visiting the ruins of an Abdé, which were near; but he does not describe them. (Journal des Savans, Jan. 1836, p. 47.) This location does not correspond at all to the 'Abdeh we visited.-I am inclined to suppose, that both these latter travellers were misinformed by their Arab guides. They had both heard of 'Abdeh and naturally inquired for it; and the Arabs in their usual manner answered at random, and pointed out any spot that happened first to come to hand. There can be no question, that the ruins we saw, are on or near the ancient Roman road, and answer to the position of Eboda in the Peutinger Tables.

NOTE XXII. Page 293.

ROUTES FROM MOUNT SINAI, ACROSS THE Desert to Gaza and HEBRON. I. Chief Route from the Convent to Gaza, etc. over the Pass el-Mureikhy. Ten days.

1st Day.

2d Day.

3d Day.

Convent to

'Ain el-Akhdar, in the Wady of the same name. See page 125.

el-Mureikhy, the Pass.

'Ammar es-Salimeh, a plain.

er-Rejim, a spring of water in Wady el-'Arish, near

its head.

4th Day. Humâdet el-Berbery, a plain. Here the route No. II

5th Day.

6th Day.

comes in.

el-Jughâmileh, a spring of bitter water in W/el-'Arîsh,

a little off the road.

Themâil Um es-Sa'ideh, pits of bitter water.

Wady el-Hamdh.

Wady el-'Arish. The path crosses the Wady and

keeps along more to the East.

Jebel Ikhrimm; see pp. 272, 273.

Wady el-Kureiyeh; see pp. 272, 273.

esh-Shureif.

7th Day. Wady el-Lussân

W/ Jerûr

W/ Jaifeh

at points to the left of our route;

see pp. 276, 278, 279.

el-Muweilih, with brackish water, near W/ el-'Ain; see p. 281.

8th Day. Wady es-Serâm (head). Here this route falls into ours.

See p. 282.

er-Ruhaibeh. Route the same as ours.

9th Day. VOL. I.

71

10th Day. Nuttâr Abu Sămâr, where the Bedawin have storehouses for grain.

Wady esh-Sheri'ah, running to the sea.

Ghüzzeh (Gaza).

This appears to be the route taken by Seetzen in 1807, from near Gaza to the Convent. Zach's Monatl. Corresp. XVII, p. 142, seq.

II. Route by the Western Pass, er-Râkineh. Ten days. 1st. Day. Convent to

2d Day.

3d Day.

Wady Berah. See page 122.

el-Mürâk, at the foot of et-Tih. See p. 112.
er-Râkineh, the Pass.

Abu Nuteighineh, with good water.

4th Day. Humâdet el-Berbery in No. I.

Hence, as before, to Gaza.

III. Branch Route from Nos. I and II, by way of Nükhl.
Eleven days to Gaza.

3 Days to er-Rejim as in No. I; or to Abu Nuteighineh as in No. II.

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5th Day.

Nükhl, fortress on the Haj-road.

6th Day.

7th Day.

Wady er-Rawak. (Comp. Burckhardt, p. 449.)
esh-Shureif, in No. I.

Hence, as before, to Gaza.

Sir F. Henniker passed by er-Rakineh and Nükhl; Notes etc. pp. 246, 247. Russegger, a few months after our journey, crossed the Tih by the Pass el-Mureikhy, and then went by Nukhl to Ruhaibeh and Hebron. See Berghaus' Annalen der Erdkunde, etc. März 1839, p. 427, seq. IV. Eastern route by el-'Ain, etc. Ten days to Gaza. 2 Days from the Convent to the head of Wady ez-Zulakah; see page 218.

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4th Day.

Wady el-'Atiyeh, running to Wady Wetir.

5th Day.

Pass of et-Tih, northern ridge, near the head of Wady

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V. Branch Route from Nos. I and II, direct to Gaza along the western side of Wady el-'Arish.

From the Convent to

Wady el-Hamdh, 5 Days, as in No. I, or No. II.

Muktůl edh-Dhuleim.

Wady el-Hasana. Comp. in No. VI.

el-Burkein.

Mukrih el-Ibna.

Jebel el-Helâl. See p. 273.

el-Kusaby; here the route crosses Wel-'Arîsh.
el-Khubarah. See pp. 298, 299.

el-Bawâty.

el-Minyây.

Ghuzzeh (Gaza).

This appears to have been the route of the Pilgrims in the

15th and 16th centuries. See the next page.

VI. Route between Suez or 'Ajrûd and Hebron.

From Suez or 'Ajrûd to

el-Mab'ük, wells just S. of the Haj-route.
Ferâshât esh-Shih.

Wady el-Mudheiyât, which unites with W/ et-Tawal

and enters the sea at 'Ambek.

Kâ'a el-Barûk.

el-Hasana, a plain with living water. Comp. in No. V. Wady el-'Arish, at the junction of Wel-'Ain. See page 281.

Wady es-Serâm, on our road.

Hence to Hebron, on our route.

VII. Lord Prudhoe's Route from Ajrud direct to Wady Musa.

From 'Ajrúd to

Mahebeug [Mab'úk],

Wady el-Hadj, winding,
Nakl [Nükhl], .

Wady Reah) [er-Rawâk],

W/ Acaba

W Arish

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5.

13.

W/ Souph (Hadjar il-Abiad),

W/ il-Mashakam [el-Musheh- ( E. N. E ¿

(E.N.E

hem; comp. in No. IV.] E. S. E. S

Gaza and Tor [convent] Road.

(The well Meleyha is 4 miles S. S. E. 1.
North.)

21.

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Compare the Route of Burckhardt in the opposite direction. Travels, etc. p. 444, seq.

In A. D. 1483, Breydenbach and Felix Fabri, belonging to dif ferent companies of pilgrims, travelled together from Gaza to Mount Sinai, and each described the route. The account of Fabri is the fullest; but presents little more than a few names which can hardly be recognised; except the pass er-Rakineh, by which they crossed the Tih. The route is as follows: Sept. 10, Lebhem, a village.-11, Chawata, a district called in Latin Cades.-12, Gayan, a Wady.-13, Wadalar, a torrent. [Wady el-’Arish?] Magdabey, a torrent.-14, Magare, a torrent near Gebelhelel [Jebel Helal].-15, Hachssene a torrent [el-Hasana]. Minschene, a torrent.-16, Alherock, a torrent.-17, Chalep, a high white mountain. Meschmar, a torrent.-19, Rackani, pass. [er-Rakineh.] Ramathim.-20, Schoyle.—21, Abelharocka, near the Seat of Moses.

Four years earlier, in A. D. 1479, Tucher of Nürnberg had also passed from Gaza to Sinai; but his route is still less intelligible than that of Fabri. He seems to have crossed the Tih by the pass el-Mureikhy, which he calls Roackie; and says expressly that the usual road crossed much further to the right or West. He gives the following names: Sept. 22, Mackati, Wady.-23, Nockra, Wady.-26, Lodro, Wady.-27, Schilludy, mountain.28, Torcko.-30, Vintheine, Wady.-Oct. 1, Roackie, pass. [el-Mureikhy.]-2, Malchalach, Wady.

For the Travels of all these Pilgrims, see Reissbuch des h.

Landes.

ELEVATIONS. The elevation of the following points (among others) along the middle route and by Nükhl, are given by Russ egger from barometrical observations in 1838; see Berghaus' Annalen der Erdkunde, etc. Marz, 1839, p. 428. It must however be borne in mind, that the numbers here given do not fully accord with the observations of Rüppell at Sinai, or of Schubert at Hebron.

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NOTE XXIII. Page 297.

ELUSA. From a remark of Jerome, (Comm. in Esa. xv. 4,) it would appear, that the Aramaean name of this city was b which was softened in Greek to "Elovoa. The Arabic version in Gen. xx. 1, 2, and xxvi. 1, instead of Gerar, reads el-Khulus, as if referring it to Elusa. See Reland's Palaest. pp. 755, 805. Bochart Phaleg, p. 309.

The length of the Roman mile is commonly assumed as equal to of a geographical mile, or at 75 to the degree. Our rate in this part of our journey was fully 2. 13 G. M. the hour, being equivalent to 23 R. M. See in Note VII. Rennell's Compar. Geogr. of Western Asia, I. p. xxxvii.

NOTE XXIV. Page 405.

MOUNT OF OLIVES. The northern summit of this mountain affords an instance of the fluctuating nature of the later monastic traditions. Brocardus, about A. D. 1283, is perhaps the first writer who mentions it; cap. IX. He gives to the southern part of the mountain the name Mons Offensionis, because Solomon set up there an image of Moloch; while on this northern point, he says, he placed his other idol Chemosh; 1 K. xi. 7, 8. Afterwards, according to Brocardus, the Maccabees erected here a castle, the remains of which were visible in his day. He gives no name to this summit; but Adrichomius after him, calls it Mons Scandali. -Some sixty years later, about the middle of the fourteenth century, Maundeville and Rudolf de Suchem both speak of this northern point under the name of Galilee; the former calls it Mount Galilee, and the latter says there was upon it a village. The same account is given by Tucher, A. D. 1479, and by Breydenbach and Fabri A. D. 1483. In A. D. 1573, Rauwolf found here

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