The portraits of the Seven Bishops* were engraved by D. Loggan, in a single sheet; and of their Counsel, in a similar manner, by White. Finch and Sawyer, Attorney and Solicitor General, were retained by them, and refused their fees. Judges Holloway and Powell declared in their favour; and such names should be ever held in honour; and let it also be remembered, that Somers, who was nursed in the same College with Chillingworth and Chatham, first appeared in that trial as one of the counsel. To the wisdom and firmness of his great mind we mainly owe the fruits of that GLORIOUS REVOLUTION, which equally secured the liberty of

* The Seven Bishops: William Sancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury 1677, deprived 1691, ob. 1693, æt. 77. 2. Thomas Ken, Bath and Wells. 3. John Lake, Sodor and Man 1682, Bristol 1684, Chichester 1685, deprived 1689, ob. 1689 4. William Lloyd, St. Asaph 1680, Litchfield 1692, Worcester 1699, ob. 1717, æt. 91. 5. Sir Jonathan Trelawney, Bart. Bristol 1685, Exeter 1689, Winton 1707, ob. 1721. 6. Francis Turner, Rochester 1683, Ely 1684, deprived 1690, ob. 1698. 7. Thomas White, Peterborough 1685, deprived 1690, ob. 1698. The fate of these ecclesiastical heroes may be worth an observation. Lake and Trelawney had served in the royal army when young. Lloydt and Trelawney were translated to Worcester and Winchester, by King William. Sancroft and Turner retired with competence. Ken, Lake, and White, to poverty.

+ Of Lloyd we shall speak particularly in another place.

the subject, and placed on its firmest basis the prerogative of the king.

The historical circumstances of the period are too well known to render it necessary to repeat them in this biographical memoir. It will be sufficient to say that the whole kingdom waited, as with a breathless anxiety, the result of this momentous trial, and the shout on the verdict being pronounced, "Not Guilty," was echoed from Westminster Hall, and re-echoed by thousands, till, reaching Hounslow, it was there shouted back by James's encamped soldiers, and told him, as plainly as the interpreted hand-writing on the wall, from that book which was the subject of Ken's impressive discourse in the King's Chapel, "GOD HATH NUMBERED THY KINGDOM, AND FINISHED IT." (Daniel, chap. v.)

THE QUEEN-REVOLUTION-JAMES A BIGOT FROM HIS

FLIGHT OF

EARLIEST YEARS.

“Abiit—excessit—evasit―erupit.”

CICERO.

I DIFFER, with the greatest respect, from Mr. Fox, who refers to Barillon (passim) for proof that King James's chief object was to establish arbitrary power; but the very first letter of the historian's authority, a letter to the King of France after James's accession, seems to me to imply the direct contrary.

"Sire-Le Roy d'Angleterre a ajouté à cela toutes sortes de protestations, &c. Il me dit que sans son appui et sa protection, il ne pouvoit rien entreprendre de ce qu'il avoit dans l'esprit en faveur DES CATHOLIQUES," &c.

Now, it is according to every principle in human nature, that where the feelings of religion are deeply felt, they must, from their very nature, be paramount to worldly feelings. James's bigotry must, therefore, have been his first passion; arbitrary power the means only of completing the first and ruling

passion of his heart. Again, let us look to Mr. Fox's own authority.

"Le Roy d'Angleterre fut hier publiquement à la messe dans une petite chapelle de la Reine sa femme, dont la porte étoit ouverte," &c. (Appendix, page 32.)

"Qu'il espère que Dieu le protegera; et puisque V. M. le veut soutenir, il ne croit pas avoir rien à craindre."

This surely shows the paramount feeling of his heart, even before his brother was buried; and the whole of this letter confirms it.

But there are, as it appears to me, more unfounded opinions advanced by this illustrious historical statesman, respecting the episcopal Protestant Church. It was one great object of James, that Dominican on a throne, to throw the odium, as much as possible, on the Established Church, with regard to those measures of proscription and blood, to which, in his bigoted fury, he resorted to repress in Scotland the Covenanters. The historian seems fully disposed to admit the justice of this most injurious charge; as if Ken, and Tennison, and Tillotson ought to bear the weight of this imputation, and not James's own Jesuits.

Surely this imputation is as uncandid as the statement of the facts on which it is founded.

However absurd and servile was the extent to which most of these men, in hatred and disdain of Puritanical faction, carried the principles of passive

obedience, the Church of England was the chief impediment to James's great object, from its influence, its learning, and its firmness.

It was the spirit of the Papal Inquisition alone which let loose the sanguinary vengeance of an Imperial St. Dominic through the remote glens of Scotland.

We have observed that from the time of Monmouth's death, in the expressive language and sublime imagery of Lucretius :

"Dira supersitio

Caput è cœli regionibus ostendebat,

Horribili super aspectu mortalibus instans."

And over Oxford, in the glowing expression of an Oxford bard,

"Persecution waved her iron wing."

The patriotic and intrepid Russell, second son of the earl of Bedford, having been, near the end of the last reign, most active for the Bill in Parliament for excluding the Duke of York, first fell a victim. The reformed English Church and all English hearts stood up against the Lion, which only seemed to cower and crouch, till, the throne being vacant, it might advance in its strength.

When the sceptre fell from the dying grasp of Charles, there seemed at first a general hush of all parties. Till after the battle of Sedgmoor, a kind of guarded disguise was kept up; but now, without a mask, and in their most unrelenting form and