Christians may fall into many mistakes, and have often done so. But when the distinction between these kingdoms is understood, at the foundation of which lies the doctrine of regeneration, these mistakes will be rectified. And the whole of the doctrine and precepts of that kingdom which is not of this world,' will be seen to stand directly opposed to every kind of persecution."-pp. 57--60. When we just now alluded to a part of these volumes which appears to us peculiarly well executed, we had in view the singular skill and adroitness with which Mr. Haldane involves the antagonists of Christianity in the most awkward entanglement of selfcontradiction. From Gibbon, and especially from Hume, he elicits, by a masterly cross-examination, a complete stultification of their own case. He compels them to that most entire of all discom fitures, self-refutation; and shows, triumphantly, not only the weakness, but the malice of their aggression. Great, however, as is the general excellence of the work, we have been particularly interested by that portion of it which extends, under the title of 'Conclusion,' from the 268th to to the 402d page of the second volume. As an impressive compendium of glorious and awful truths, forcibly and sometimes eloquently written, it has our earnest approbation; and it strikes us, that, with a little amplification and adaptation, it might, in a cheap form, become popular and useful as a separate publication. The following extract is beautifully conceived and happily expressed : "The man who never has considered the motions of the heavenly bodies, is entirely unacquainted with their order, discerns nothing in the face of the heavens by night bat confused masses of luminous bodies, among which there is no appearance of any regularity and design. He, on the other hand, who has studied their laws, observed their order, and counted their number as far as they are visible, perceives the most striking indications of wisdom and arrangement. He is delighted with what be dis covers, and smiles at that ignorance which, apart from the outward glare, sees nothing whatever to attract admiration. Just so it is in regard to the Old Testament dispensation. It is capable of being seen in partial and distorted lights; but when properly attended to and understood, when viewed from the cross of Christ, in which its various parts unite and terminate, back through all its successive periods to its commencement, nothing can appear more orderly, more beautiful, more dignified. Its very outward form, taken as a whole, and as including so much of the character of God it, an imposing grandeur, which still arand of his law, has, to those who consider rests and overawes the nation of the Jews, who having yet the veil upon their hearts, cannot stedfastly look to the end of that which is abolished.'"--pp. 279, 280. From the portion of these vobe termed the general improvelumes which contains what may ment, we select the following passage, not as superior to others, but as containing, within convenient limits, an entire subject. "There is another class of persons who it, but are evidently not walking according ABUSE the Gospel. They profess to receive to it. Such persons are described in Scriptare as having a form of godliness, bot denying its power. They profess that they know God, but in works they deny him. They are hearers, but not doers of the word. They listen to the Gospel very lovely song," and "sit before God as his people do, and hear his words, but they "as a will not do them: for with their mouth they shew much love, but their heart goeth after their covetousness." "That_these persons labour under some radical mistake respecting the Gospel, although it may not be possible for others to discover where it lies, is most certain; for faith and works are, in the covenant of God, indissolubly connected. The Gospel bringeth forth fruit in every man, from the day he hears it, and knows the grace of God in truth. Such persons, therefore, do not believe the Gospel, but hold something else that seems to resemble it. Their hearts remain unchanged and unpurified. The love of the world, in one form or other, possesses their minds. They are ever learning, and never coming to the knowledge of the truth. They appear to be branches in the true vine, but they are not united to it. There is some unperceived flaw which separates them from it, so that they receive no sap and nourishment, and therefore bring forth no fruit to perfection; while the true branches are pruned that they may bear more fruit, these will at last be cut off and burnt. "This case is explained by the parable ven. of the sower, in which there are three sets of persons on whom the word for a season had certain effects; but at last they fell away, for they never understood' it. Another view of the same case is given in the parable of the ten virgins, which represents such people as maintaining a profession to the last. This parable is of a very arousing nature. It describes the kingdom of hea It represents the ten virgins as all having lamps--a profession of religion and decency of conduct, which made them so much resemble each other, that none were suspected by the rest. Noue of them even suspected themselves. They were all waiting for the bridegroom, although part of them laboured under a mistake, respecting his character. He neither kuew them, nor was he known of them. While the bridegroom tarried, they all slumbered and slept--they were all in a state of security, some on solid and others on false grounds. At length he came, but five of them were --not in a fit condition to go out to meet him, for they had no oil in their lamps. Their profession was vain. A radical defect was then discovered. The others entered into the marriage supper, and these were excluded. This appears to be a case of the strongest kind. It may seldom happen that such persons at no period suspect themselves; but they may at one time have had joy from something they believed, and may afterwards have rested upon it, and Julled themselves into false security. Their situation, on the whole, is peculiarly awful. They may not be hypocrites, but are selfdeceived. The fatal error with snch persons undoubtedly consists in some selfrighteous dependence short of Christ. Perhaps they trust to the appointed means of edification, and make a righteousness of these, or of their supposed faith and acquiescence in what they conceive to be the Gospel; or it may be to zeal for some of its doctrines, which, in a certain way, may be held separate from Christ, especially in a country where they enter into the general profession that is made. To such persons the Scriptures say, 'Awake, thou that sleepest, and arise from the dead, and Christ shall give thee light.' They call on them to attend the awful denunciations of wrath against the workers of iniquity, and against those who say, Lord, Lord, and do not what he commands. Let them measure themselves, not by one another, but by the word of God; and giving up all their false refuges in which they trust, and which have not profited them, let them come unto Jesus Christ, and he will give them rest, taking upon them his yoke which is easy, and his burden which is light." pp. 339--342. Such is our estimate of a work which has our general recommendation to all who are in quest of a comprehensive and popular manual on the important subjects of which it treats. Without pledging ourselves to an implicit coincidence with every minute particular of these volumes, we tender our thanks to Mr. Haldane for this judicious and seasonable publication. ་་་་འ་ Memoirs of the Life and Writings of the Right Rev. Brian Walton, D.D. Lord Bishop of Chester, Editor of the London Polyglot Bible. With Notices of his Coadjutors in that illustrious Work; of the Cultivation of Oriental Learning in this Country, preceding and during their Time. To which is added, Dr. Walton's own Vindication of the Polyglot. By the Rev. Henry John Todd, M.A. F.S.A., Chaplain in Ordinary to his Majesty, &c. 2 vols. 8vo. 1821.-London: Rivingtons. THE name of Brian Walton can never be mentioned by a biblical scholar, but with the profoundest respect. The service rendered to the cause of sacred literature by the publication of the LONDON POLYGLOT, cannot be too highly estimated. Its editor is entitled to be ranked among the most illustrious men, whose names adorn the annals of our country. Dif fering from him, as we conscientiously do, upon various important points, on which the authority of the Bible, in every version and dialect under heaven, is interposed; and disapproving, as we certainly do, of many things in his spirit and conduct, yet, so far from wishing to detract from the merit of his labours, we cannot express too strongly our admiration of the wisdom that planned, the diligence which pursued, and the learning which executed, this immortal work. With these feelings, we hailed the announcement of a Life of Walton, from the pen of a gentle man, who, we believed, possessed both the talents and the disposition, to do him ample justice. If we have not found the gratification in examining these Memoirs, which we had anticipated, we know not whether we ought to ascribe our disappointment to the writer or the subject. We expected a considerable portion of high church prejudice, and antipuritan zeal. Any thing else would have been unnatural in a royal chaplain. This, accustomed as we are to such things, would not have mortified, scarcely even have ruffled us. But we certainly hoped to be edified with some account of the piety, as well as of the learning of the Bishop. Whether Mr. Todd could find nothing to say on this subject, or took for granted that the Editor of the Polyglot, and Bishop of Chester, must, as a matter of course, have been a most pious man; or whether he thought Dr. Walton's piety of less interest and importance to the reader than his learning, we cannot tell. Such, however, are our impressions respecting Walton, if Mr. T. has told all that could be known of him, that we are very sorry he did not see the propriety of allowing the world to know him merely in connexion with his great undertaking. So far as Walton is concerned, the Memoirs are dry and meagre in the extreme; and the most objectionable parts of his conduct are so needlessly thrust forward, and so feebly defended, that we are convinced his reputation must suffer by this performance. The Memoir which we shall furnish, and which will contain every fact of importance in the work, will satisfy our readers of the justice of these remarks. Brian Walton was born some where in the North Riding of Yorkshire, some time in the year 1600; "and, in July, 1616, he is said to have been admitted a sizer CONG. MAG. No. 49. of Magdalen College, Cambridge; whence he removed to Peter House, as a sizer, in 1618. In 1619, he took the degree of B. A.; in 1623, that of M.A." Such is the information concerning the first twentythree years of Walton's life, with which Mr. Todd has supplied us! "From Cambridge, he departed for a curacy and mastership of a school in Suffolk; and thence to the metropolis, as an assistant at the church of Allhallows, Bread Street. He soon became possessed of a London rectory, that of St. Martin's Orgar, in 1626. Here he was employed in (what we should not have considered an appropriate preparation for the Polyglot) "A Minute Inquiry into the Law, and a Proposal of Improvement in the Payment of Tythes in that City." The fruit of his labours in this very interesting department to all clergymen, still remains, (though an abstract has been published) among the manuscript treasures of the Archiepiscopal library at Lambeth. after this service, he was instituted to the two rectories of St. Giles in the Fields, London, and of Sandon, in Essex. He is supposed to have been, at this time, also Chaplain to the King, and a Prebendary of St. Paul's. In 1639, he proceeded D. D. at Cambridge. In 1640, he lost his wife, who was buried at Sandon, and of whose amiableness and piety the epitaph on her tomb speaks favourably. Soon Hitherto Dr. Walton was a rising man; but as the times began to change, he soon experienced treatment of a different description. " Having earnestly contended (says his biographer,) for all that a liberal and learned profession had endeared to his brethren and himself, he became, as rebellion advanced successfully, the scorn of those who then respected neither learning nor liberality; and was pronounced a delinquent." Such is a specimen of F In consequence of these charges being proved, Walton lost both his rectories; and, for something else not mentioned, was, in 1642, "sent for into custody as a delinquent." He afterwards retired to Oxford, where he formed the design of publishing the Polyglot; and went to London in 1651 or 1652, to carry it into execution. Having completed this noble work, and contrived to get it dedicated to the King, he waited patiently till the monarch was in a capacity to reward him, and was consecrated Bishop of Chester, December 2, 1660. He did not long enjoy his episcopal honours. He had scarcely taken possession of his see, with more pomp than became him, when he was called to appear in that state where pomp and learning are of no avail. He died on the 29th of November, 1661, and was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral. The inscription on his monument seems to attach as much importance to his opposition "to the tyranny of the usurpa tion," and dislike to "the rebellious and profane rabble," as to his superintending the production of the proudest monument of British literature. the wholesale invective and calumny in which Mr. Todd indulges, wherever the men who fought and suffered for England's liberties and laws are concerned. If this be the language which is most acceptable in the circle in which Mr. Todd moves, we must tell him, regardless how he or his " patron lords" may receive it, that it is as untrue as it is illiberal; and that, they are no friends, either to episcopacy or the family of Hanover, who use it or give it their countenance. That Dr. Walton lost his preferments is most true; and glad should we have been, however hard it might have borne on the opposite party, had Mr. Todd succeeded in proving that he ought not to have lost them. A petition, it appears, was presented to Parliament against the Doctor, containing certain charges; and which was afterwards published, under the title of "The Articles and Charges, proved in Parliament, against Dr. Walton, wherein his Subtle Tricks and Popish Innovations are discovered." From this pamphlet, Mr. T. furnishes us with some extracts, and endea vours, we think unsuccessfully, to rebut some of the charges. These, the pamphlet asserts, were proved in Parliament, and the truth of them as matters of fact, Mr. T. even admits. Walton was a pluralist-an admirer and supporter of the ecclesiastical regimen of Laud; as fond of money, and not so fond of preaching, as became a clergyman; more attached to the paraphernalia of episcopacy, than to the good opinion and edification of his people; and a decided opposer of the -men and measures of the Parlia ment of England. We are sorry to be obliged to state these things, but they are evident on the face of Mr. Todd's statements; and so little importance does he attach to such trifles, that he scarcely attempts to set any of them aside. Such is the substance of the information contained in these two volumes, price one guinea, of the personal life of their chief subject. We feel for the honour of Bishop Walton, and the credit of Mr. Todd, in making this statement. In justice to the latter, however, we must say, that he does not seem to have had it in his power to do much more; and on the collateral topics which he has connected with Walton's life, he has furnished us with some valuable information. To some of these we shall now advert, pointing out with freedom the mistakes in reasoning, or fact, into which he appears to have fallen. The first and most interesting of these topics is the literary his tory of the Polyglot. How long Dr. Walton had revolved the plan of this work in his own mind, and what preparations he had made for it in private, before he communicated the matter, does not appear. In 1652, a description of the proposed work, and conditions of publication were laid before the public. Of this original paper, Mr. T. has published a copy. By these conditions, it appears that every subscriber of £10. was to be supplied with a copy, and a subscriber of £50. was to receive six copies. As the Lexicon was not then published, this must have been a very fair price, according to the value of money at the time, for the six volumes of the Bible. Walton proceeded on very safe ground in the publication. The first volume was not to be put to the press till about £1500. was paid in, and for each of the remaining volumes, about £1200. In the first year after the proposals were published, £4000. was subscribed; and, by May, 1653, the sum of £9000. was promised: such was the zeal with which the work was taken up during that period of supposed fanaticism and confusion. Paper, free of duty, was allowed by the Protector, and £1000. subscribed by his Council of State. To this circumstance, we must again ad vert. The work went to press in September, or October, 1653; and next year, the first volume was completed, and delivered to the subscribers. In 1655, the second volume was finished; in 1656, the third; and, about the close of the year 1657, the remainder. Two presses, we are informed, were engaged for the work. "And thus, in about four years, was finished the English Polyglot Bible; the glory of that age, and of the English church and nation; a work vastly exceeding all former attempts of that kind, and that came so near perfection, as to discourage all future ones.' A full description of the work itself, we deem unnecessary to give in our pages. Our learned readers must be well acquainted with it, and others will easily find a description, if they wish it. Let it suffice to state that it contains the Scriptures in Hebrew, Samaritan, Greek, Latin, Chaldaic, Syriac, Ethiopic, Arabic, and Persic, with Latin versions of all the oriental tongues. The whole of the Bible, however, is not to be found in all these languages, as some of the oriental versions are incomplete. The most correct printed editions were followed, and many manuscripts of high antiquity collated for the work. Great pains were taken by a number of learned men, as well as by Walton, in editing; and it is truly astonishing, how accurately the whole is printed. Learned Prologemena are prefixed to the work, and the last volume is filled with Appendices of various readings and other critical apparatus. A full view is at once afforded, on opening the book, of all the texts and versions, so that, in the course of a few minutes, a scholar may satisfy himself respecting any text, as far as the original Scriptures, and the earliest translations of them can afford satisfaction. It is far more complete than any former work of the kind, and leaves, even to the present day, little more to be desired or added. "It has been said, that Dr. Walton thought himself bound in gratitude to dedicate his Polyglot to Cromwell; and some have supposed that this republican dedication, as it has been called, was actually made. I will rectify these matters in Dr. Walton's own words; which contain information hitherto, I believe, unnoticed, and certainly of a very interesting description. "It appears in the dedication of the Polyglot to King Charles II., of which the existence has been by some denied, that |