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respect to animal food, E. Swedenborg says, "Eating the flesh of animals, considered in itself, is somewhat prophane, for the people of the most ancient time, never, on any account, ate the flesh of any beast or fowl, but fed solely on grain, especially on bread made of wheat, also on the fruit of trees, or pulse, on milk, and what is produced from milk, as butter, &c. To kill animals and to eat their flesh, was to them unlawful and seemed as something bes tial; and they were content with the uses and services which these yielded, as appears from Gen. i, 29, 30; but in succeeding times, when man began to grow fierce as a wild beast, yea, much fiercer, then first they began to kill animals, and to eat their flesh." Arcana, n. 1002. He enforced the opinion that eating flesh is profane, unlawful and bestial, by his own practice, for during the last fifty years of his life he wholly abstained both from animal food and every kind of inebriating liquors. These facts are cautiously concealed by the professed teachers of his doctrines.

Dr. Adam Ferguson, professor of mathematics in the University of Edinburgh, and historian of the roman republic, lived strictly on a vegetable diet, and attained the age of 93.

Joseph Ritson, Esq. author of "An Essay on Ab. stinence from Animal Food as a moral Duty," says, page 201, "I was induced to serious reflection, by the perusal of Mandeville's “Fable of the Bees," in the year 1772, being the 19th year of my age, firmly to adhere to a milk and vegetable diet. He says, that he ate eggs, which deprives no animal of life, tho' it may prevent some from coming into the world to be mur. dered and devoured by others.

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The Rev. William Cowherd, founder and minister of Christ-Church, Salford, Manchester died in 1816, at the age of 53, of a pulmonary disease, induced by too close application to study, and want of exercise. He was a true champion in behalf of innocent animals. A leading criterion for admitting any mem. ber into his church was abstinence from eating flesh. Three hundred of his hearers, under the influence of his example and the authority of scripture, as by him ably explained, were converted to this habit. He preached gratis and supported himself by the prac tice of medicine. To enter on his scriptural disquisitions, would be a large undertaking, tho' I have listened to them with great interest. I will content myself with one of his physical arguments, by way of specimen. "Let us examine, for a moment," said he, "what the animal man is. He assumes to himself the qualities of sympathy, sensibility, affectionate regards, tenderness, humane motives, &c. All the mildly disposed animals eat vegetables, while the savages of the forest are universally carnivorous. Tell me, then, whether after deliberate experiment, you digest vegetables or the animal fabric, with the greatest facility, and I will tell you whether your animal composition assimilates with the vegetable eating tribes, or with the wolf, which eats sheep." His church was opened in the year 1800, and he expounded the whole of the Old and New Testament in portions, beginning at the first of Genesis. In this manner he had gone three times through the Bible, at the time of his death. 1807, he built Christ-Church in Hulme, conducted on the same principles as that in Salford. He established an academy near the church, where young men were educated for the ministry. One room in his a

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ademy, contained a printing-office, and at the time of his death, he was about to commence printing a new translation of the Bible, with a commentary. He was buried, according to his desire, under the window of his study, and the following mystical inscription, written by himself, was placed, by his de sire, upon his tomb.

ALL FEARED.

NONE LOVED.

FEW UNDERSTOOD.

66

J. F. Newton, Esq. is a remarkable instance of the salubrious effects of a vegetable diet, of which he has given the following account. "I came, two years &-_ go, into the house, which I now occupy, in Chester. street, London. During the first year of my residence in 1809, the only charge for medicine for seven persons, including the nurse of my children, who, from her own conviction adopted the diet, was sixpence, and for the year 1810, not a penny. The nurse was troubled with a species of acute asthma. The affection of the trachea resembled the croup, and it was always attended with an alarming tone. She has entirely got rid of her disorder. I am persuaded that there is scarcely another instance in this nev er-ending metropolis of three grown persons and four young children under nine years of age, incurring an expense of sixpence only for medicine and medical attendance in the course of two years. [This fact has been repeated in Dr. Lambe's family, where the children were much older than mine, when they adopted the regimen of vegetables and distilled water.] This result is exactly what would be expected from the remarkably healthy appearance of the young people alluded to, which is so striking, that several med

ical men, who have seen and examined them, with a scrutinizing eye, all agreed in the observation that they knew no where a family which equals them in robustness. Should the success of this experiment, at the time I write, [1811] of three years standing, proceed as it has begun, there is little doubt, I presume, that it must at length have some influence with the public.-Newton's Return to Nature, p. 76. See a continuation of Mr. Newton's case by Dr. Lambe, p. 184, of this work.

Mr. John Tweddell, says, "I no longer eat fleshmeat, nor drink fermented liquors. As for the latter, it is merely because I do not believe that they can ever be good for the constitution, and still more especially with a vegetable diet."-Life, p. 215.

Mr. G. G. Fordham has made an interesting communication to Dr. Lambe, which appears in the Ad. dit. Reports, p. 453, dated Sandon, near Royton, Dec. 28, 1814. "About two years ago," says he, "I was very sickly and had little enjoyment of life. My great complaint was general debility, which daily increasing on me, took away all desire and ability for exertion and rendered my mind incapable of attending to any subject for any length of time. Oceasionally I was under a considerable stimulus and animation, which were followed by coldness and langour. Sleep did not seem to benefit me; my appetite was craving and seldom satisfied, and once a week, I was subject to a distressing sick headache. My fluids were evidently in an impure state, consequently the solid parts were not nourished; for impurity cannot impart strength, and hence that general debility of which I complained. Having read Mr. Newton's work, and your publications, I resolved to adopt the use of vegetables with distilled water,

and now, after the experience of nearly two years, I can say, with the strictest truth and certainty, that my health has been gradually improving up to the present time. My strength is greater than it ever was before; my painful sensations have left me; I am seldom attacked by head-ache and never with it's former violence. I do not mean to say that I am perfectly well, but I am better in health now, than I remember ever to have been in any former period of my life. The comparison is not to be made between me, and any other person, but between what I am now, and what I was before I adopted this regimen. Vegetables are certainly the natural support of man; they recommend themselves by their freshness and purity; and by their sweetness and agreeableness to the palate. They require little trouble in preparation, and are always a nice, clean, and delicate food; while dead animal substances are very offensive to the senses, and it becomes a very dirty and disagreeable task to cook and prepare them for the appetite. The slaughter of animals is also a fero cious and disgusting act, which greatly opposes the growth of benevolent dispositions. Comparative an. atomy has clearly proved that man is, in his very construction, an herbivorous animal, which ought to have great weight with every rational mind.".

The pedestrian J. Stewart, esq. is a remarkable instance of the effect of aliment on the human consti tution; the account which he gives of himself is interesting. "Upon a comparative view of constitu tions and climates, I find them reciprocally adapted, and offering no difference of good and evil. I then consider the aliment, and tho' on a superficial observation the difference might be supposed wisely adapted to the difference of climate; yet on more critical

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