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when the same history is retailed in books of very different ages, the coincidence between them forms a strong presumption that the one book is referred to in the other as strong as the improbability that the history, whether as it occurred or as it was told centuries before, could have been preserved by oral tradition. Hence the far greater likelihood that the histories, compendious though they be of the children of Israel in the book of Psalms, were taken from the Pentateuch, than transmitted verbally from ancient times. We should thus too appreciate the continuous allusion to Genesis, with several quotations from it, in the speech of Stephen, as recorded in the 7th chapter of Acts. In these and many like passages, do we find the scriptural rank of the book of Genesis or the legitimacy of its place in the canon clearly and fully acknowledged in the New Testament.*

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12. Exodus.] In Mark xii. 26, we have an unquestionable extract from the book of Exodus; and there an express attestation is borne to it as "the book of Moses." This book is also identified with the book of the law of Moses by Joshua, when he quotes, in the 8th chapter and 31st verse, the precept in regard to an altar of stone not being of hewn stone, and taken from the 25th verse of the 20th chapter of Exodus. There is besides a lengthened continuous allusion to the contents of it in the speech of Stephen, recorded in the 7th chapter of the Acts of the Apostles as also by Paul in the 11th chapter of the Hebrews. It has been computed that there are no less than twenty-five citations of this book by Christ and His Apostles, beside the references which are made to it in the Old Testament, of which the larger specimens are to be found in the 78th and 105th and 106th Psalms and in the prayer of Nehemiah. The following are a few of the more particular instances.-" And Moses took the bones of Joseph with him; for he had straitly sworn the children of Israel, saying, God will surely visit you; and ye shall carry up my bones away hence with you," Ex. xiii. 19. "And the bones of Joseph which the children of Israel brought up out of Egypt, buried they in Shechem," Josh. xxiv. 32.— "Neither shall ye break a bone thereof," Ex. xii. 46. "For these things were done, that the scriptures should be fulfilled, A bone of him shall not be broken," John xix. 36.—" And the Lord went before them by day in a pillar of cloud, to lead them the way; and by night in a pillar of fire, to

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give them light; to go by day and night," Ex. xiii. 21. Moreover, thou leddest them in the day by a cloudy pillar, and in the night by a pillar of fire, to give them light in the way wherein they should go," Neh. ix. 12.—“ Thou shalt not curse the ruler of thy people," Ex. xxii. 28. "For it is written, Thou shalt not speak evil of the ruler of thy people," Acts xxiii. 5.-"I will be gracious. to whom I will be gracious, and will show mercy on whom I will show mercy," Ex. xxxiii. 19. "For he saith to Moses, I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion," Rom. ix. 15. These quotations are perfectly decisive. We subjoin the places where other references will be found; and from which it will be seen that the scriptural rank of this book is expressly recognized -more especially in the New Testament.*

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Ex. iii. 5.-Josh. v. 15. iii. 6.-Matt. xxii. 32.

Mark xii. 26.

Luke xx. 37.

vi. 14, 15, 16, 18.-1 Chr.

v. 3.
iv. 24.

vi. 1, 2.

vii. 20.-Ps. lxxviii. 44.
ix. 16. Rom. ix. 17.
xiii. 2.-Luke ii. 23.
xiii. 12.-Ezek. xliv. 30.
xiii. 21.-Ps. lxxviii. 14.
xiv. 9.-Josh. xxiv. 6.
xv.21,22,28.-Josh.iv.23.
Ps. lxxviii. 13.
cvi. 11.

xv. 14, 16.-Josh. ii. 9.
xvi. 14.-Ps. lxxviii. 24.
xvi. 18.-2 Cor. viii. 15.
xvi. 35.-Josh. v. 12.

Ex. xvi. 35.-Neh. ix. 15.
xvii. 6, 14.-Ps. lxxvii. 15.
cv. 41.

1 Sam. xv. 3.

xix. 6.-1 Pet. ii. 9.
xx. 2, 4, 9.-Ps. lxxxi. 10.
xcvii. 7.

Ezek. xx. 12.
xx. 12. -Eph. vi. 2, 3.
xx. 12-16.-Matt. xix.
18, 19.

xxi. 2, 17.-Jer. xxxiv. 14. Prov. xx. 20. xxii. 31.-Ezek. xliv. 31. xxiii. 23, 28, 33.

Josh. xxiv. 11, 12. xxiii. 13.

Judges ii. 3.

xxiv. 8.-Heb. ix. 20.
XXV. 40.

viii. 5.

xxxi. 2.-1 Chr. ii. 20.

13. Leviticus.] The epistle to the Hebrews may be regarded as throughout one sustained testimony in favour of this book—the one, in the language of Augustine, treating "de Christo exhibendo;" the other "de Christo exhibito." The same doctrine which is latent in the one, is made patent in the other-even that doctrine of the New, which is invested in the drapery of the Old Dispensation. It is a folded drapery in the book of Leviticus; but it is an unfolded drapery in the epistle to the Hebrews; and we may therefore well expect a continued reference from the later to the earlier composition. But indeed the whole history of the Jews may be regarded as a running commentary on this portion of scripture; and it were therefore a work of immense labour to develop the whole evidence that might be adduced for the ancient existence of this book, and for the deference that was paid to it. We must restrain ourselves to a very few examples out of the countless multitude. "Every oblation of thy meat offering shalt thou season with salt," Lev. ii. 13. Every sacrifice shall be salted with salt," Mark ix. 49." And if she be not able to bring a lamb, then she shall bring two turtles, or two young pigeons," Lev. xii. 8. "And to offer a sacrifice according to that which is said in the law of the Lord, A pair of turtle doves or two young pigeons," Luke ii. 24.-" Ye shall therefore keep my statutes and my judgments; which if a man do he shall live in them," Lev. xviii. 5. " And I gave them my statutes, and showed them my judgments, which if a man do, he shall ever live in

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them," Ezek. xx. 11-" Ye shall be holy for I the Lord your God am holy," Lev. xix. 1. "Because

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it is written, Be ye holy, for I am holy,” 1 Pet. i. 16." Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself," Lev. xix. 18. "Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself," Matt. xxii. 39, Rom. xiii. 9, Gal. v. 14. "According to the scripture, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself," James ii. 8.-" Eye for eye, tooth for tooth," Lev. xxiv. 20. "Ye have heard that it hath been said, An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth," Matth. v. 38.—“ And I will walk among you, and will be your God, and ye shall be my people," Lev. xxvi. 12. "As God hath said, I will dwell in them, and walk in them; and I will be their God, and they shall be my people," 2 Cor. vi. 16. We cannot take leave of this book, without adverting to the rich mine of evidence, that awaits those students of the Mosaic ritual, who have the patience to explore and the taste to enjoy those recondite harmonies, which obtain between the Christianity in figure of the Old, and the Christianity in substance and express declaration of the New Testament.*

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It is a beautiful saying of Jerome, "In Levitico singula sacrificia, imo singulæ pene syllabæ, et vestes Aaron, et totus ordo Leviticus spirant cœlestia sacramenta.' ancient Church tell us, "literam hujus libri noxiam, si spolietur spirituali intelligentia." ral references to the book of Leviticus, seeLev. viii. 12.-Ps. cxxxiii. 2.

x. 1.-1 Chr. xxiv. 2.
xi. 44.-1 Pet. i. 15.
xii. 3.-Luke ii. 21.

John vii. 22.

xiii. 46.-2 Kings xv. 5.
xiv. 2-4.-Matt. viii. 4.
Mark i. 44.

The doctors of the inutilem aut etiam For further scriptu

Luke v. 14.
Lev. xvi. 34.-Heb. ix. 7.

xviii. 5.-Gal iii. 12.
xviii. 21.-2 Kings xxiii.

10.

xix. 12, 15, 17, 18.--Matt.

v. 33, 43.

James v. 12.

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