32. Recommendations of the United States Immigration Com- 33. The Restriction of Immigration, by H. P. Fairchild 36. The Literacy Test as Provided for by the Sixty-Third Con- gress, 1915, and President Wilson's Veto 37. The Problem of Oriental Immigration, by Sidney L. Gulick 52. Plato on the Talents and Education of Women. 53. Are there" Natural" Differences in the Mentality of the 59. The Social Gospel of Divorce, by Shailer Matthews 60. The Repressive Influence of Marriage upon Individuality, BOOK V. THE NEGRO PROBLEM IN THE UNITED STATES 66. The South and the Negro, by Edgar Gardner Murphy 704 70. Race Segregation in Cities, by G. E. Haynes XIX. THE EDUCATION OF THE NEGRO 75. On the Training of Black Men, by W. E. B. DuBois READINGS IN SOCIAL PROBLEMS INTRODUCTION In the long run the basic social problem is that of population. Economically the most fundamental relation is that between man and natural resources. The laws governing that relation must be understood and reckoned with first of all, in theories of social progress or in plans for the lasting improvement of the condition of the people. If these natural laws, whatever they may be, are not taken into consideration, every plan and ideal for human betterment runs the risk of impracticability, or else of being brought to naught even after it has seemingly realized its purpose. The nature of natural resources sets a limit, albeit an elastic one, to man's productivity — a limit which may be at a given time and place so highly elastic or so far in the future that it does not seem a reality, but at another place or time may prove to be a very present fact. No principle of economic science is better established than that sooner or later with increasing population the law of diminishing returns will assert itself in a way that will demand changes in economic, social, and political policies, if the average material well-being of a people is not to be brought to a standstill or actually to go backward. Moreover, a certain level of material wealth is a pre requisite to even a moderate development of the cultural and spiritual content of life. Failure or unwillingness, therefore, to consider the limitation placed upon the material basis of progress by a strictly limited supply of land, and the increasing difficulty of securing the food, raw materials, and power requisite to the needs of an expanding population, can be attributed only to ingrained preconception and prejudice. |