APPENDIX. Composition of Words. WHEN a word cannot be traced back to any simpler form in the language to which it belongs, it is called a Primitive word; as, good, bad, boy, girl, weep. When a word is derived from another word, it is called a Derivative word; as, goodness, badly, boyish, girlhood; beweep. The essential part of a word is called the root; as, man in manly, port in transport. Roots are modified in sense by prefixes and affixes. A prefix a syllable, which, taken by itself, is not found as a distinct word, but which, placed before a root, serves to modify its meaning; as pre in prefix, in in induct, com in compel. An affix is a syllable, which, when taken by itself, is not found as a distinct word, but which, placed after a root, serves to modify its meaning; as, ful in joyful, less in hopeless, ly in godly. PREFIXES. The leading prefixes used in the composition of words in our language are: 1. Saxon Prefixes. A, meaning to, in, on; as, ahead, afield, about. Be, about, as besmear; before, as bespeak; to make, as bedim. in, on, into, as entomb, enthrone; to make, as enable, En, Em, } embalm. For, against; as, forbid, forswear, Fore, before; as, foresee, foretell. Gain, against; as, gainsay. Mis, error; as, mistake, misdirect. Off, descent from; as, offshoot. Out, beyond, or superiority; as, outbid, outrun. Over, above, or beyond; as, overreach, overdo. Un, before an adjective or adverb, not; as, unkind, ungently. before a verb, to undo; as, unlock, untie. Under, beneath, below; as, underrate, undervalue. Up, motion upwards; as, upheave, uplift. With, from or against; as, withhold, withstand. 247 EXERCISE I. Give the correct meaning and application of the prefix in each of the following words : : A-bed, a-side, a-sleep, be-dew, be-calm, be-siege, be-deck, be. wail, en-camp, en-chain, en-circle, en-tomb, en-rich, en-grave, em-boss, em-bolden, em-power, em-blaze, em-body, em-pale, forbear, for-give, for-swear, fore-arm, fore-head, fore-know, forenoon, fore-see, mis-rule, mis-place, mis-lead, mis-trust, mis-rule, mis-conduct, mis-fortune, off-spring, off-shoot, off-set, out-bid, out-dare, out-run, out-look, out-live, out-shine, over-do, overcome, over-charge, over-drive, over-flow, over-grow, over-look, un-able, un-kind, un-thankful, un-just, un-godly, un-fold, un-furl, un-button, un-clasp, un-dress, un-tie, under-mine, under-sell, under-take, under-value, up-lift, up-heave, up-bear, up-hill, up, raise, up-start, with-hold, with-stand, with-draw. 2, Latin Prefixes. A, Ab, or Abs, from, away; as, avert, absolve, abstain. Ante, before; as, antediluvian. Bis or Bi, twice; as, bisect. Circum or Circu, round; as, circumference, circuit. Cis, on this side; as, cisalpine. Con, which assumes the various forms of Co, Col, Cog, Com, Cor, together; as, compress, collect, conjure. Contra, Counter, against; as, contradict, counteract. De, down; as, depose. Dis, Di, or Dif, asunder, apart from; as, dissolve, diffuse. Ex or E, out of ; as, expel, emit. Ob, which assumes the forms Oc, Of, Op, in the way of; as, obstacle, offend. Per or Pel, through; as, permit, pellucid. Post, after; as, postpone. Pre, before; as, prefer. Preter, beyond; as, preternatural. Pro, for, forward; as, pronoun, proceed. Re, back; as, recede. Retro, backwards; as, retrogression. Se, aside; as, secede. Sine, Sim, or Sin, without; as, sinecure, simple, sincere. Sub, with its forms Suc, Suf, Sug, Sup, Sus, under; as, subscribe, suffer, suggest. Subter, beneath; as, subterfuge. Super, Sur, above; as, supernatural, surprise. Trans, beyond; as, transport. Ultra, beyond; as, ultramontane. EXERCISE II. Give the correct meaning and application of the prefix in each of the following words :- A-vert, ab-duce, ab-hor, ab-solve, ab-use, abs-ent, abs-tract, abs-tain, abs-cess, ad-apt, ad-join, ad-judge, ad-verb, ad-here, ad-mit, a-spire, a-scend, a-scribe, ac-cept, ac-cess, ac-cord, ac-cede, af-fect, af-firm, af-front, ag-gravate, ag-grandise, al-ly, al-lude, an-nex, an-nul, an-nounce, ap-pear, ap-peal, ap-ply, ap-prove, ap-pease, ar-rogate, as-sent, as-sist, as-sume, as-sort, as-sault, as-sign. EXERCISE III. Give the correct meaning and application of the prefix in each of the following words : At-tend, at-tune, at-tain, am-bient, am-bition, ante-date, antecedent, anti-cipate, circum-navigate, circum-ference, circumlocution, circum-scribe, con-join, con-voke, con-cur, con-firm, construct, con-tract, co-equal, co-exist, co-heir, co-partner, cog-nate, col-lect, col-locate, com-pile, com-mit, com-pose, com-pare, compute, cor-rode, cor-rect, contra-vene, contra-dict, contro-vert, counter-act, counter-mand, counter-sign, de-cline, de-duce, depress, de-pend. EXERCISE IV. Give the correct meaning and application of the prefix in each of the following words : De-vote, de-grade, dis-mount, dis-arm, di-vest, di-vide, diverge, di-vulge, di-lute, dif-fer, dif-fuse, e-lect, e-ject, e-mit, e-rase, e-volve, ex-alt, ex-act, ex-pel, ex-hale, ex-port, ex-tend, ex-hume, ec-centric, ef-face, ef-fect, extra-vagant, extra-ordinary, in-active, in-complete, in-correct, ig-norant, ig-noble, il-legal, il-literate, im-mature, im-mense, im-mortal, im-pure, ir-regular, ir-resistible. EXERCISE V. Give the correct meaning and application of the prefix in each of the following words : In-clude, in-cline, in-vent, in-flame, in-fer, in-habit, in-cur, illude, il-lustrate, il-lume, im-merge, im-pede, im-pel, im-pose, im-part, inter-cede, inter-ject, inter-dict, inter-mix, inter-line, inter-pose, inter-cept, intel-lect, intel-ligent, intro-mit, intro-duce, intro-spect, ob-ject, ob-stinate, ob-struct, ob-trude, oc-cur, oc-cupy, of-fend, of-fer, o-mit, op-pose, op-press, per-mit, per-form, perfect, per-spire, per-vious, per-vade. EXERCISE VI. Give the correct meaning and application of the prefix in each of the following words : Pel-lucid, pol-lute, post-pone, post-fix, post-script, pre-dict, pre-cursor, pre-face, pre-fix, pre-vent, pre-pare, preter-mit, proceed, pro-duce, pro-gress, pro-mote, pro-pel, pur-vey, pur-pose, re-admit, re-port, re-call, re-vive, re-move, retro-grade, retrospect, se-lect, se-clude, se-duce, sine-cure, sim-ple, sin-cere, submit, sub-duce, sub-join, sub-side, sub-tend, suc-ceed, suc-cumb, suf-fer, suf-fuse, suf-fice, suf-focate. EXERCISE VII. Give the correct meaning and application of the prefix in each of the following words : Sug-gest, sup-pose, sup-ply, sup-port, sup-plant, sus-tain, suspend, su-spect, su-spire, subter-fuge, super-sede, super-fluous, super-add, super-ficial, sur-vive, sur-mount, sur-plus, sur-plice, trans-fer, trans-pose, trans-fix, trans-late, traf-fic, tra-duce, traverse, tra-ject, tres-pass, ultra-marine, ultra-mundane, ultramontane. |