dark week-day mornings at an early hour. He also made preaching tours in different parts of the kingdom, relieving, as the almoner of other persons, the wants of sufferers for conscience' sake, reconciling differences, preventing litigation, and thus meriting a title, first given him in derision -Bishop Bunyan.

When, by the Act of Indulgence in 1687, James II. professed to give liberty of conscience to all Dissenters, Bunyan did not hesitate to avail himself of it, though be declined to be made subservient to the royal designs. The real benefit, he saw, was intended for the Papists; but neither that consideration nor the suggestion that to accept the measure involved an admission of the king's claim to govern without a parliament, prevented him from availing himself, so long as might be, of its advantages. The storm, which he was among the foremost to apprehend, hung darkly over the land; but, though imminent, it was providentially averted, and the hypocritical indulgence of the fugitive king was followed by that Magna Charta of religious

Not long after the accession of James II., Bunyan conveyed his little property by deed of gift to his wife, not knowing what might befall him.

rights-the Toleration Act. He, however, had not the consolation of living to see the glorious calm which succeeded. On the 5th of November, 1688, William of Orange landed at Torbay; but, by that time, the greatest man in England, John Milton alone excepted, had been translated from earth to heaven.

He died at the house of his friend, Mr. Stradwick, a grocer, at the sign of the Star on Snow-Hill, London, and was buried in that friend's vault in Bunhill Fields' burial-ground, which the Dissenters regard as their Campo Santo-and especially for his sake. It is said that many have made it their desire to be interred as near as possible to the spot where his remains are deposited. His age and the date of his decease are thus recorded

Mrs. S. C. Hall, in her charming "Pilgrimages to English Shrines," (among which she gives precedence to "The Birth-place of John Bunyan,") states, upon the authority of an old lady who remembers the fact perfectly, that Bunyan's grave "was a decayed-looking grave, some brickwork fallen down, and a sort of headstone, green and moldering, upon which was what she called faintly carved, Here lies John Bunyan."" Mrs. Hall's informant is positive as to the inscription, as she frequently visited the grave, and speaks of it to this day.

in his epitaph: Mr. JOHN BUNYAN, Author of the Pilgrim's Progress, ob. 12 Aug. 1688, æt. 60.

The Pilgrim's Progress now is finished, And death has laid him in his earthly bed.

It appears that at the time of his death, the Lord Mayor, Sir John Shorter, was one of his London flock. His earliest biographer says also, that "though by reason of the many losses he sustained by imprisonment and spoil, his chargeable sickness, &c., his earthly treasure swelled not to excess, yet he always had sufficient to live decently and creditably." But all that Bunyan had to lose by "spoil," was his occupation as a tinker, which, fortunately for him and the world, was put an

end to earlier than in the course of his preacher's progress he could otherwise have cast it off. His widow put forth an advertisement stating her inability to print the writings which he left unpublished. They are probably included in the folio edition of his works which was published in 1692, the year of her decease, by Bunyan's successor at Bedford, Ebenezer Chandler, and John Wilson, a brother minister of the same sect, who went in Bunyan's life-time from the Bedford congregation to be the first pastor of a Baptist flock at Hitchin.

Three children survived him; there were none by the second marriage; and the blind daughter, the only one whom it might have troubled him to leave with a

scanty provision, happily died before him. He is said to have kept up "a very strict discipline in his family, in prayer and exhortations." For according to what little is known of his children, they went on in the way they had been trained. His eldest son was forty-five years a member of the Bedford meeting; he preached there occasionally, and was employed in visiting the disorderly members; he was therefore in good repute for discretion, as well as for his religious char

September 6, 1668. "Few days before, died Bunyan, his lordship's teacher, or chaplain; a man said to be gifted in that way, though once a cobbler."-Ellis's Correspondence, vol. ii, p. 161.

acter. The names of other descendants are in the book, of the same meeting; in the burial ground belonging to it his great-grand-daughter Hannah Bunyan was interred in 1770 at the age of 76; and with her all that is related of his posterity ends. Mr. Offor, as well as Mrs. Hall, relates a conversation with Mrs. Senegar, a lineal descendant from John Bunyan by his son Joseph. She was living in Islington in 1847, aged eightyfour; and there is still living, at Lincoln, an aged farmer, Robert Bunyan, also a lineal descendant through the same parentage.

Bunyan is described by Mr. Charles Doe, one of his cotemporaries, as appearing

BUNYAN'S PULPIT, BREACHWOOD.

stern and rough, but as being mild and affable, though rather taciturn than loquacious. He was tall, strong-boned, not corpulent, of a ruddy complexion, with sparkling eyes. His hair, originally

eddish, was sprinkled with gray; and he wore a moustache, after the old British fashion. His nose was well set, but not declining nor bending; his mouth moderately large, and his forehead rather high. His raiment was always plain and modest.

Several relics of this remarkable man have been carefully preserved by enthusiastic admirers. The nature of these will be best understood from the engravings. The pulpit in which he preached at Bedford has perished, but one which he occupied at Breachwood remains. His cabinet is in the possession of the Rev. Mr. Jukes, minister of Bunyan's Chapel; and his chair, with rude simplicity, adorns the vestry. His case of weights, knife, iron pen case, and apple scoop, are the property of a Mr. Offor. The syllabub cup is at Bedford.

BUNYAN'S CABINET.

His published works, it has been remarked, were as numerous as his years. All of them attracted attention at the time; but a few only are generally known. Several collective editions have, however, appeared: the latest, in three volumes im

acter are for that reason frequently referred to. With these exceptions, he is celebrated chiefly as the author of "The Holy War," and of "The Pilgrim's Progress," and, for the most part, of the latter only. In some editions, it appears in three parts; but, though Bunyan contemplated a third part, his unexpected

BUNYAN'S CASE OF WEIGHTS.

death defeated the intention. That which has been added is the work of an inferior author, whose name rests in merited obscurity. It has been questioned, whether the First Part was written in prison or not; but internal evidence, not less than cotemporary and other collateral testimony, settles that point in the affirmative. The doubt arose from its not being published till 1678, six years after his release. A more serious but not more reasonable debate has been raised as to the originality of the work. Some have suggested that he may, and others that he must, have borrowed his principal ideas from this or that allegorist; naming authors but little known, Spenser excepted, even among the learned, and overlooking the fact, not simply that Bunyan's whole library then

BUNYAN'S CHAIR.

SYLLABUB CUP.

consisted only of the two treatises his first wife brought him, a tattered copy of Luther on the Galatians, Fox's Martyrology, and his Bible; but, what ought to have received some attention, if not implicit deference, his own solemn and repeated declarations that the production was entirely his.

In ten years, the First Part had run through twelve editions. The Second Part, which was not published till 1684, did not reach the ninth edition till 1708; but, as means are wanting of ascertaining the number of impressions in each case, this circumstance affords no sure criterion of the comparative popularity of the two parts. One fact is, however, undoubted -that, during the author's lifetime, not fewer than a hundred thousand copies of the First Part were sold; a thing paralleled only in rare instances, such as the Waverly Novels, and "Uncle Tom's

to it the meed of their applause. Johnson and Southey, not less than Cowper and Thomas Scott and Lord Kaimes, Dr. Franklin and Dean Swift as zealously as Ryland, Toplady, and Montgomery, have assigned to it the first place in the order of works to which it pertains. How much soever it might have been condemned by Archbishop Laud, it enjoys, one may venture to assume, the unqualified approval of Archbishop Sumner. Although written by a prisoner for conscience' sake, it is universally acceptable, and is conceived in so catholic a spirit, that the keenest eye cannot detect in its contents to which section of the Church the author belonged. As natural as Shakspeare, as familiar as Robinson Crusoe, and as idiomatic as the Authorized Version, the spring and fountain of the glorious dreamer's inspiration, it has been read with avidity wherever the English language is spoken, and has been translated into more than thirty languages besides an honor paid to no other book, the Book of God alone excepted.

KORNER'S BATTLE PRAYER.

TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN.

FATHER, to thee I cry! The roaring cannon's vapour shrouds me round, And flashing lightnings hiss along the ground; Lord of the fight, I cry to thee!

O, Father, guide thou me!

Father, be thou my guide!

In victory's triumph, or in death laid low,
O Lord, unto thy mighty will I bow;
E'en as thou wilt, so let it be!
God, I acknowledge thee!

Thy holy presence, Lord,

In the dread thunder of the clashing steel,
As in the rustling autumn leaves I feel;
Fountain of mercies, I acknowledge thee!
O, Father, bless thou me!

Thy blessing on me rest!

Into thy hands, my Father, I resign
The life thou gavest and canst take, but mine
In life or death thy blessing be!
Glory and praise to thee!

Father, to thee be praise!
Earth's treasures now we combat not to gain;
The holiest cause, the right, our swords main-

tain:

Falling or conqu'ring, therefore, still
I bow me to thy will!

Lord, unto thee I bow!
When death in thunder greets me as its prey,
When from my flowing veins life ebbs away,
My God I yield to thy decree!
Father, I pray to thee!

were taken from their own country into captivity. Let us, however, endeavor to ascertain from the terms of Scripture, what those countries were into which they were borne. In 2 Kings xviii, 11, it is stated that the "king of Assyria did carry away Israel unto Assyria, and put them in Halah and in Habor by the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes."

From this passage we learn that these

M.Oranles

35

MAP OF THE REGIONS IN WHICH THE LOST TRIBES ORIGINALLY SETTLED.