idea was probably just, agreeing with Aristotle's; but [, if so, it is] not accurately expressed." -Churchill cor.

“ Mr. J. H. Tooke was educated at Eton and at Cambridge, in which latter college he took the degree of A. M. Being intended for the established church of England, he entered into holy orders when young; and obtained the living of Brentford, near London, which he held ten or twelve years."-Tooke's Annotator cor.

"I, nor your plan, nor book condemn;

But why your name? and why A. M.?”—Lloyd cor.

MIXED EXAMPLES CORRECTED.

"If thou turn away thy foot from the sabbath," &c.—Isaiah, lviii, 13. "He that hath eeris of hervnge, here he."-WICKLIFFE: Matt., xi, 15. "See General Rules for Spelling, iii, v, and vii.” -N. Butler cor. "False witnesses did rise up."-Ps., xxxv, 11.

"An explicative sentence is used for explaining; an interrogative sentence, for inquiring; an imperative sentence, for commanding."-Barrett cor. "In October, corn is gathered in the field by men, who go from hill to hill with baskets, into which they put the ears.-Susan labours with her needle for a livelihood.-Notwithstanding his poverty, he is a man of integrity."-Golds. cor. A word of one syllable is called a monosyllable; a word of two syllables, a dissyllable; a word of three syllables, a trissyllable; a word of four or more syllables, a polysyllable."-Frazee

cor.

4

"If I say, If it did not rain, I would take a walk;' I convey the idea that it does rain at the time of speaking. If it rained, or, Did it rain,' in [reference to] the present time, implies that it does not rain. If it did not rain,' or, Did it not rain,' in [reference to the] present time, implies that it does rain. Thus, in this peculiar application, an affirmative sentence always implies a negation; and a negative sentence, an affirmation."-Id. "If I were loved,' and, 'Were I loved; imply I am not loved; If I were not loved,' and, 'Were I not loved,' imply I am loved. A negative sentence implies an affirmation, and an affirmative sentence implies a negation, in these forms of the subjunctive."-Id. "How is Rule III violated ?"— Id. "How do you parse letter in the sentence, James writes a letter? Ans. Letter is a common noun, of the third person, singular number, neuter gender, and objective case; and is governed by the verb writes, according to Rule III, which says, 'A transitive verb governs the objective case.'”—Id.

"What is Rule III?"-Hart cor.

"Creation sleeps. 'Tis as the gen'ral pulse

Of life stood still, and nature made a pause;

An awful pause! prophetic of her end.

And let her prophecy be soon fulfill'd:

Fate, drop the curtain; I can lose no more."-Young.

SECTION V.-THE DASH.

CORRECTIONS UNDER RULE I.-OF ABRUPT PAUSES.

"And there is something in your very strange story, that resembles-Does Mr. Bevil know your history particularly ?"-Burgh's Speaker, p. 149. "Sir,-Mr. Myrtle-Gentlemen-You are friends-I am but a servant-But-"-Ib., p. 118.

"An other man now would have given plump into this foolish story; but I-No, no, your humble servant for that."-GARRICK, Neck or Nothing.

"Do not plunge thyself too far in anger, lest thou hasten thy trial; which if-Lord have mercy on thee for a hen!"-SHAKSPEARE, All's Well.

"But ere they came,-O, let me say no more!

Gather the sequel by that went before."-IDEM, Com. of Errors.

UNDER RULE II-OF EMPHATIC PAUSES.

"M-Malvolio; -M,-why, that begins my name."-SINGER'S SHAK., Twelfth Night. "Thus, by the creative influence of the Eternal Spirit, were the heavens and the earth finished in the space of six days-so admirably finished-an unformed chaos changed into a system of perfect order and beauty-that the adorable Architect himself pronounced it very good, and all the sons of God shouted for joy."-Historical Reader, p. 10.

"If I were an American, as I am an Englishman, while a foreign troop remained in my country, I never would lay down my arms-never, never, never."-Pitt's Speech.

"Madam, yourself are not exempt in this,

Nor your son Dorset ;-Buckingham, nor you."-SHAK.

UNDER RULE III.-OF FAULTY DASHES.

"You shall go home directly, Le Fevre,' said my uncle Toby, 'to my house; and we'll send for a doctor to see what's the matter; and we'll have an apothecary; and the corporal shall be your nurse and I'll be your servant, Le Fevre."-Sterne cor.

"He continued: 'Inferior artists may be at a stand, because they want materials.'"-Harris cor. "Thus, then, continued he: The end, in other arts, is ever distant and removed.' "—Id

"The nouns must be coupled with and; and when a pronoun is used, it must be plural, as in the example. When the nouns are disjoined, the pronoun must be singular."-Lennie cor. "Opinion is a common noun, or substantive, of the third person, singular number, neuter gender, and nominative case."- Wright cor.

"The mountain, thy pall and thy prison, may keep thee;
I shall see thee no more, but till death I will weep thee."-

MIXED EXAMPLES CORRECTED.

See Felton's Gram., p. 93.

"If to accommodate man and beast, heaven and earth-if this be beyond me, 'tis not possible. -What consequence then follows? Or can there be any other than this?-if I seek an interest of my own, detached from that of others, I seek an interest which is chimerical, and can never have existence."-Harris.

"Again: I must have food and clothing. Without a proper genial warmth, I instantly perish. Am I not related, in this view, to the very earth itself?-to the distant sun, from whose beams I derive vigour ?"—Id.

"Nature instantly ebbed again; the film returned to its place; the pulse fluttered-stoppedwent on-throbbed-stopped again-moved-stopped.-Shall I go on?-No."-Sterne cor.

"Write ten nouns of the masculine gender;-ten of the feminine;-ten of the neuter; ten indefinite in gender."-Davis cor.

"The infinitive mood has two tenses; the indicative, six; the potential, four; the subjunctive, two; and the imperative, one."-Frazee cor. "Now notice the following sentences: John runs.' Boys run.'-Thou runnest.' "—Id.

"The Pronoun sometimes stands for a name; sometimes for an adjective, a sentence, or a part of a sentence; and, sometimes, for a whole series of propositions.”—Peirce cor.

"The self-applauding bird, the peacock, see;

Mark what a sumptuous pharisee is he !"-Cowper cor.

SECTION VI.-THE EROTEME.

CORRECTIONS UNDER RULE I.-OF QUESTIONS DIRECT.

"When will his ear delight in the sound of arms? When shall I, like Oscar, travel in the light of my steel?"-Ossian, Vol. i, p. 357. "Will Henry call on me, while he shall be journeying south?"-Peirce cor.

"An Interrogative Pronoun is one that is used in asking a question; as, 'Who is he? and what does he want?"-P. E. Day cor. "Who is generally used when we would inquire about some unknown person or persons; as, 'Who is that man?'"-Id. "Your fathers, where are they? and the prophets, do they live forever?"-Zech., i, 5.

"It is true, that some of our best writers have used than whom; but it is also true that they have used other phrases which we have rejected as ungrammatical: then why not reject this too? -The sentences in the exercises, with than who, are correct as they stand."-Lennie cor.

"When the perfect participle of an active-intransitive verb is annexed to the neuter verb to be, what does the combination form ?"-Hallock cor. "Those adverbs which answer to the question where? whither? or whence? are called adverbs of place."—Id. "Canst thou by searching find out God? canst thou find out the Almighty unto perfection? It is as high as heaven; what canst thou do? deeper than hell; what canst thou know?"-SCOTT, ALGER, BRUCE, AND OTHERS: Job, xi, 7 and 8.

"Where, where, for shelter shall the wicked fly,

When consternation turns the good man pale ?"-Young.

UNDER RULE II.-OF QUESTIONS UNITED.

"Who knows what resources are in store, and what the power of God may do for thee?"— STERNE: Enfield's Speaker, p. 307.

"God is not a man, that he should lie; neither the son of man, that he should repent: hath he said, and shall he not do it? or hath he spoken, and shall he not make it good?"-SCOTT'S BIBLE, ALGER'S, FRIENDS', BRUCE'S, AND OTHERS: Numb., xxiii, 19. "Hath the Lord said it, and shall he not do it? hath he spoken it, and shall he not make it good?"-Lennie and Bullions

cor.

"Who calls the council, states the certain day,

Who forms the phalanx, and who points the way?"-Pope's Essay.

UNDER RULE III-OF QUESTIONS INDIRECT

"To be, or not to be;-that is the question."-Shak. et al. cor. "If it be asked, why a pause should any more be necessary to emphasis than to an accent,- -or why an emphasis alone will not sufficiently distinguish the members of sentences from each other, without pauses, as accent does words, the answer is obvious: that we are preäcquainted with the sound of words, and cannot mistake them when distinctly pronounced, however rapidly; but we are not preäcquainted with the meaning of sentences, which must be pointed out to us by the reader or speaker."-Sheridan cor.

"Cry, 'By your priesthood, tell me what you are.'"-Pope cor.

MIXED EXAMPLES CORRECTED.

"Who else can he be?"-Barrett cor. "Where else can he go?"-Id. "In familiar language, here, there, and where, are used for hither, thither, and whither."-N. Butler cor. "Take, for instance, this sentence: Indolence undermines the foundation of virtue.'"-Hart cor. "Take, for instance, the sentence before quoted: Indolence undermines the foundation of virtue. "-Id. "Under the same head, are considered such sentences as these: He that hath ears to hear, let him hear.'-' Gad, a troop shall overcome him.'"-Id.

"Tenses are certain modifications of the verb, which point out the distinctions of time.”—Bullions cor. "Calm was the day, and the scene, delightful."-Id. See Murray's Exercises, p. 5. "The capital letters used by the Romans to denote numbers, were C, I, L, V, X; which are therefore called Numeral Letters. I denotes one; V, five; X, ten; L, fifly; and C, a hundred." -Bullions cor. "I shall have written;' viz., at or before some future time or event."-Id. "In Latin words, the liquids are and only; in Greek words, l, r, m, and n."-Id. “Each legion was divided into ten cohorts; each cohort, into three maniples; and each maniple, into two centuries." Id. Of the Roman literature previous to A. U. 514, scarcely a vestige remains."-Id. "And that which He delights in, must be happy.

But when? or where? This world was made for Cæsar."-Cato.
"Look next on greatness. Say where greatness lies.
Where, but among the heroes and the wise?"-Pope.

SECTION VII. THE ECPHONEME.

CORRECTIONS UNDER RULE L-OF INTERJECTIONS, &C.

(1.) "O! that he were wise!"-Bullions cor. (2.) "O! that his heart were tender !"-See Murray's Ex. or Key, under Rule xix. (3 and 4.) "Oh! what a sight is here!"-Bullions, E. Gram., p. 71; (§ 37;) Pract. Les., p. 82; Analyt, and Pract. Gram., p. 111. (5-9.) "O Virtue! how amiable thou art!"-Furnum's Gram., p. 12; Bullions's Analyt, and Pract. Gram., p. 111. (10.) “Oh! that I had been more diligent !"-Hart cor.; and Hiley. (11.) "O! the humiliation to which vice reduces us!"-Farnum and Mur. cor. (12.) "O! that he were more prudent!"-Farnum cor. (13 and 14.) "Ah me!"-Davis cor.

(15.) "Lately, alas! I knew a gentle boy," &c.-Dial cor. (16 and 17.) "Wo is me, Alhama !"-Byron's Poems: Wells cor.

UNDER RULE II.-OF INVOCATIONS.

"Weep on the rocks of roaring winds, O maid of Inistore!"-Ossian. wind! stream, be thou silent a while! let my voice be heard around. me! Salgar! it is Colma who calls. Here is the tree, and the rock. here. Why delayest thou thy coming? Lo! the calm moon comes forth. the vale."-Id., Vol. i, p. 369.

"Ah, stay not, stay not! guardless and alone:

"Cease a little while, O
Let my wanderer hear
Salgar, my love! I am
The flood is bright in

Hector! my lov'd, my dearest, bravest son!"-Pope, Il., xxii, 51.

UNDER RULE III.--OF EXCLAMATORY QUESTIONS.

"How much better is wisdom than gold !"-See Murray's Gram., 8vo, p. 272. "O Virtue! how amiable art thou!"-See Murray's Grammar, 2d Edition, p. 95. "At that hour, O how vain was all sublunary happiness !"-Brown's Institutes, p. 117; see English Reader, p. 135. "Alas! how few and transitory are the joys which this world affords to man!"-P. E. Day cor. "Oh! how vain and transitory are all things here below!"—Id.

"And O! what change of state, what change of rank,

In that assembly everywhere was seen!"-Pollok cor.; also Day.

MIXED EXAMPLES CORRECTED.

"O Shame! where is thy blush ?"-Shak.* "John, give me my hat."-Barrett cor. is Moscow in flames?"-Id. "O! what happiness awaits the virtuous !"—Id.

"What!

แ Ah, welladay! do what we can for him, said Trim, maintaining his point,—the poor soul will die."-Sterne or Enfield cor.; also Kirkham,

"Will John return to-morrow?"-Barrett cor. "Will not John return to-morrow ?"—Id. "John, return to-morrow."-Id. "Soldiers, stand firm."-Id. "If mea, which means my, is an adjective in Latin, why may not my be so called in English? and if my is an adjective, why not Barrett's ?"-Id.

"O Absalom, my son!"-See 2 Sam., xix, 4. "O star-eyed Science! whither hast thou fled?" -Peirce cor. "Why do you tolerate your own inconsistency, by calling it the present tense?"— Id. "Thus the declarative mood [i. e., the indicative mood] may be used in asking a question; as, What man is frail?"-Id. "What connection has motive, wish, or supposition, with the the term subjunctive ?"—Id. “A grand reason, truly, for calling it a golden key!"-Id. “What

In Singer's Shakspeare, Vol. ii, p. 495, this sentence is expressed and pointed thus: "O, shame! where is thy blush Hamlet, Act iii, Sc. 4. This is as if the speaker meant, "Of it is a shame! where is thy blush ?" Such is not the sense above; for there "Shame" is the person addressed.

'suffering' the man who can say this, must be enduring!"-Id. "What is Brown's Rule in relation to this matter?"-Id.

"Alas! how short is life!"-P. E. Day cor. Thomas, study your book."-Id. "Who can tell us who they are?"-Sanborn cor. Lord, have mercy on my son; for he is lunatic, and sorely vexed."—See Matt., xvii, 15. “O ye wild groves! O where is now your bloom?"—Felton cor.

"O who of man the story will unfold ?"-Farnum cor.
"Methought I heard Horatio say, To-morrow.

Go to-I will not hear of it-to-morrow!"—COTTON.
"How his eyes languish! how his thoughts adore
That painted coat which Joseph never wore!"

SECTION VIII.—THE CURVES.

CORRECTIONS UNDER RULE I.-OF PARENTHESES.

"Another [, better written as a phrase, An other,] is composed of the indefinite article an, (which etymologically means one,) and other; and denotes one other."-Hallock cor.

"Each mood has its peculiar Tense, Tenses, or Times."-Bucke cor.

"In some very ancient languages, (as the Hebrew,) which have been employed chiefly for expressing plain sentiments in the plainest manner, without aiming at any elaborate length or harmony of periods, this pronoun [the relative] occurs not so often."-L. Murray cor.

"Before I shall say those things, O Conscript Fathers! about the public affairs, which are to be spoken at this time; I shall lay before you, in few words, the motives of the journey and the return."-Brightland cor.

"Of well-chose words some take not care enough,

And think they should be, like the subject, rough."-ld.

"Then, having showed his wounds, he'd sit him down."-Bullions cor.

UNDER RULE II.-OF INCLUDED POINTS.

"Then Jael smote the nail into his temples, and fastened it into the ground: (for he was fast asleep, and weary :) so he died."-SCOTT'S BIBLE: Judges, iv, 21.

"Every thing in the Iliad has manners, (as Aristotle expresses it,) that is, every thing is acted or spoken."-Pope cor.

"Those nouns that end in f, or fe, (except some few which I shall mention presently,) form plurals by changing those letters into ves: as, thief, thieves; wife, wives."-Bucke cor.

"As requires as; (expressing equality of degree;) thus, 'Mine is as good as yours.' As [requires] so; (expressing equality or proportion;) thus, 'As the stars, so shall thy seed be.' So [requires] as; (with a negative expressing inequality;) as, 'He is not so wise as his brother.' So [requires] that; (expressing a consequence;) as, I am so weak that I cannot walk.'"*—Bullions cor.

"A captious question, sir, (and yours is one,)
Deserves an answer similar, or none."-Cowper cor.

MIXED EXAMPLES CORRECTED.

"Whatever words the verb TO BE serves to unite, referring to the same thing, must be of the same case; (§ 61;) as, Alexander is a student.'"-Bullions cor. "When the objective is a relative or [an] interrogative, it comes before the verb that governs it: (§ 40, Rule 9:) Murray's 6th rule is unnecessary."-Id. "It is generally improper, except in poetry, to omit the antecedent to a relative; and always, to omit a relative, when of the nominative case."-Id. "In every sentence, there must be a verb and a nominative or subject, expressed or understood."-Id. "Nouns and pronouns, and especially words denoting time, are often governed by prepositions understood; or are used to restrict verbs or adjectives, without a governing word: ($ 50, Rem. 6 and Rule:) as, 'He gave [to] me a full account of the affair."-Id. "When should is used in stead of ought, to express present duty, (§ 20, 4,) it may be followed by the present; as, 'You should study that you may become learned.'"-Id. "The indicative present is frequently used after the words when, till, before, as soon as, after, to express the relative time of a future action; (§ 24, 1, 4;) as, "When he comes, he will be welcome."" Id. "The relative is parsed, [according to Bullions,] by stating its gender, number, case, and antecedent; (the gender and number being always the same as those of the antecedent;) thus, 'The boy who'- Who is a relative pronoun, masculine, singular, the nominative; and refers to 'boy' as its antecedent."-Id.

""Now, now, I seize, I clasp thy charms;

And now you burst, ah cruel! from my arms.'-Pope.

If, in each of these sentences, the colon were substituted for the latter semicolon, the curves might well be spared. Lowth has a similar passage, which (bating a needful variation of guillemets) he pointed thus: "asas; expressing a comparison of equality; as white as snow: as- -, 80; expressing a comparison sometimes of equality as the stars, so shall thy seed be; that is, equal in number: but" &c.-Lowth's Gram., p. 109. Murray, who broke this passage into paragraphs, retained at first these semicolons, but afterwards changed the m all to colons. Of later grammarians, some retain the former colon in each sentence; some, the latter; and some, neither. Hiley points thus: "As requires as, expressing equality; as, 'He is as good as she."—Hiley's E. Gram., p. 107.

"Here is an unnecessary change from the second person singular to the second person plural. The text would have been better, thus:

'Now, now, I seize, I clasp your charms;

And now you burst, ah cruel! from my arms.'"-John Burn cor.
See Lowth's Gram., p. 35; Churchill's, 293.

SECTION IX-ALL POINTS.

MIXED EXAMPLES CORRECTED.

"The principal stops are the following: the Comma [, ], the Semicolon [;], the Colon [:], the Period, or Full Stop [], the Note of Interrogation [?], the Note of Exclamation [!], the Parenthesis [], and the Dash [-]."-Bullions cor. "The modern punctuation in Latin is the same as in English. The chief marks employed are the Comma [, ], the Semicolon [;], the Colon [:], the Period [.], the Note of Interrogation [?], the Note of Exclamation (!), the Parenthesis [()]," and the Dash [-]."—Id.

"Plato reproving a young man for playing at some childish game, 'You chide me,' says the youth, for a trifling fault. Custom,' replied the philosopher, is no trifle.' 'And,' adds Montaigne, he was in the right; for our vices begin in infancy.'"-Home cor. "A merchant at sea asked the skipper what death his father died. skipper, my grandfather, and my great-grandfather, were all drowned.' merchant, and are not you afraid of being drowned too?"—Id.

'My father,' says the 'Well,' replies the

"The use of inverted commas derives from France, where one Guillemet was the author of them; [and] as an acknowledgement for the improvement, his countrymen call them after his name, GUILLEMETS."-Hist. cor.

44

"This, however, is seldom if ever done, unless the word following the possessive begins with s; thus, we do not say, 'the prince' feather;' but, 'the prince's feather.'"-Bullions cor. And this phrase must mean, the feather of the prince;' but 'prince's-feather,' written as one word, [and with both apostrophe and hyphen,] is the name of a plant, a species of amaranth."—G. Brown. "Boëthius soon had the satisfaction of obtaining the highest honours his country could bestow."-Ingersoll cor.; also L. Murray.

"When an example, a quotation, or a speech, is introduced, it is separated from the rest of the sentence either by a comma or by a colon; as, 'The Scriptures give us an amiable representation of the Deity, in these words: God is love."—Hiley cor. "Either the colon or the comma may be used, [according to the nature of the case,] when an example, a quotation, or a speech, is introduced; as, Always remember this ancient maxim: Know thyself.'-'The Scriptures give us an amiable representation of the Deity, in these words: God is love." "- -Bullions cor.

"The first word of a quotation introduced after a colon, or of any sentence quoted in a direct form, must begin with a capital: as, Always remember this ancient maxim: Know thyself''Our great lawgiver says, Take up thy cross daily, and follow me."—Bullions and Lennie cor.; also L. Murray; also Weld. See Luke, ix, 23.

"Tell me, in whose house do you live?"-N. Butler cor. "He that acts wisely, deserves praise."-ld. "He who steals my purse, steals trash."-Id. "The antecedent is sometimes omitted; as, 'Who steals my purse, steals trash.'-[Shak.] That is, 'He who,' or, ‘The person "Thus, Whoever steals my purse, steals trash;'-'Whoever does no good, does harm.'"-Id. "Thus, 'Whoever sins, will suffer.' This means, that any one, without exception, who sins, will suffer."-Id.

who.'"-Id.

"Letters form syllables; syllables, words; words, sentences; and sentences, combined and connected, form discourse."-Cooper cor. "A letter which forms a perfect sound when uttered by itself, is called a vowel; as, a, e, i."—Id. "A proper noun is the name of an individual, [or of a particular people or place]; as, John, Boston, Hudson, America.”—Id.

"Many men have been capable of doing a wise thing; more, a cunning thing; but very few, a generous thing."-Davis cor. "In the place of an ellipsis of the verb, a comma must be inserted."-Id. "A common noun unlimited by an article, is sometimes understood in its broadest acceptation: thus, 'Fishes swim,' is understood to mean all fishes; Man is mortal,' all men." -Id.

"Thus, those sounds formed principally by the throat, are called gutturals; those formed principally by the palate, palatals; those formed by the teeth, dentals; those by the lips, labials; and those by the nose, nasals."-Davis cor.

"Some adjectives are compared irregularly: as, Good, better, best; Bad, worse, worst; Little, less, least."-Felton cor.

"Under the fourth head of grammar, therefore, four topics will be considered; viz., PUNCTUA TION, ORTHOEPY, FIGURES, and VERSIFICATION."-Hart cor.

"Direct her onward to that peaceful shore,

Where peril, pain, and death, are felt no more !"-Falconer cor.

GOOD ENGLISH RIGHTLY POINTED.

LESSON I.-UNDER VARIOUS RULES.

"Discoveries of such a character are sometimes made in grammar also; and such, too, are often their origin and their end."-Bullions cor.