"English Grammar for Beginners;" 18mo, pp. 180: 1st Ed., Andover, Mass., 1838. PARSONS, SAMUEL H.; English Grammar; 18mo, pp. 107: 1st Ed., Philadelphia, 1836. PEIRCE, JOHN; "The New American SpellingBook," with "A Plain and Easy Introduction to English Grammar;" 12mo, pp. 200: 6th Ed., Philadelphia, 1804. This Grammar is mostly copied from Harrison's. PEIRCE, OLIVER B.; "The Grammar of the English Language" 12mo, pp. 384: 1st Ed., New York, 1839. Also, Abridgement of the same; 18ino, pp. 144: Boston, 1840. PENGELLEY, EDWARD; English Gram.; 18mo, PERRY, WILLIAM; Grammar in Dict.; 12mo: Edinburgh, 1801. PICKBOURN, JAMES; "Dissertation on the English Verb:" London, 1789. PICKET, ALBERT; "Analytical School Grammar;" 18mo, pp. 252: New York, 1823; 2d Ed., 1824. PINNEO, T. S., M. A., M. D.; (1.) "A Primary Grammar, for Beginners:" Cincinnati. (2.) "Analytical Grammar of the E. Language;" 12mo, pp. 216: Cincinnati, 1850; New York, 1853. (8.) "Pinneo's English Teacher; in which is taught the Structure of Sentences by Analysis and Synthesis;" 12mo, pp. 240: Cincinnati, 1854. PINNOCK, W.; (1.) A Catechism of E. Gram.; 18mo, pp. 70: 18th Ed., London, 1825. (2.) A Comprehensive Grammar; 12mo, pp. 318: 1st Ed., London, 1829. POND, ENOCH, D. D.; "Murray's System of Eng. Grammar, Improved;" 12mo, pp. 228: 5th Ed., Worcester, Mass., 1835. Also, under the same title, a petty Grammar with Cuts; 18mo, pp. 71: New Ed., Worcester, 1835. POWERS, DANIEL, A. M.; E. Grammar; 12mo, pp. 188: 1st Ed., West Brookfield, Mass., 1845. PRIESTLEY, JOSEPH, LL.D.; "The Rudiments of E. Grammar;" 18mo, pp. 202: 3d Ed., London, 1772. PUE, HUGH A.; English Grammar; 18mo, pp. 149: 1st Ed., Philadelphia, 1841. PULLEN, P. H.; English Grammar; 12mo, pp. 321: London, 1820; 2d Ed., 1822. PUTNAM, J. M.; " English Grammar;" (Murray's, Modified;) 18mo, pp. 162: Concord, N. H., 1825; Ster., 1831. PUTNAM, SAMUEL; "Putnam's Murray;" 18mo, pp. 108: Improved Ster. Ed.; Dover, N. H., 1828. PUTSLY, Rev. W.; English Grammar; 18mo, pp. RAND, ASA; "Teacher's Manual," &c.; 18mo, pp. 90: 1st Ed., Boston, 1832. REED, CALEB, A. M.; English Grammar; 18mo, REID, JOHN, M. D.; English Grammar; 12mo, RIGAN, JOHN; Gramınar, 12mo: Dublin, 1823. ROBBINS, MANASSEH; "Rudimental Lessons in Etym. and Synt. ;" 12mo, pp. 70: Prov., R. I., 1826. ROBINSON, JOHN; English Grammar; 12mo, pp. 95: 1st Ed., Maysville, 1830. ROOME, Rev. T.; Gram.; 12mo: England, 1813. Ross, ROBERT; an American Grammar; 12mo, pp. 199: 7th Ed., Hartford, Ct., 1782. ROTHWELL, J.; English Grammar; 12mo: 2d Ed., London, 1797. ROZZELL, WM.; English Grammar in Verse; 8vo: London, 1795. RUSH, JAMES, M. D.; "Philosophy of the Human Voice;" 8vo: Philadelphia, 1833. RUSSELL, Rev. J., D. D.; English Grammar; 18mo, pp. 168: London, 1885; 10th Ed., 1842. RUSSELL, WILLIAM; (1.) “A Grammar of Composition;" 12mo, pp. 150: Newhaven, 1828. (2.) "Lessons in Enunciation:" Boston, 1841. (3.) "Orthophony; or the Cultivation of the Voice;" 12mo, pp. 300: improved Ed., Boston, 1847. RUSSELL, WILLIAM E.; Murray's Grammar;" ford, 1819. "An Abridgment of 18mo, pp. 142: Hart RYLAND, JOHN; English Grammar; 18mo, pp. 164: 1st Ed., Northampton, Eng., 1767. SABINE, H., A. M.; English Grammar; 18mo, pp. 120: 1st Ed., London, 1702. SANBORN, DYER H.; "An Analytical Grammar of the English Language" 12mo, pp. 299: 1st Ed., Concord, N. H., 1836. SANDERS, CHARLES W. and J. C.; "The Young Grammarian;" 12mo, pp. 120: Rochester, N. Y., 1847. SARGENT, EPES; "The Standard Speaker; a Treatise on Óratory and Elocution;" small 8vo, pp. 558: Philadelphia, 1852. SCOTT, WILLIAM; Grammar, 12mo: Edinb., 1797. Dictionary, with Grammar prefixed; square, pp. 492: Cork, 1810. SEARLE, Rev. THOMAS; Grammar in Verse; 18mo, pp. 114: 1st Ed., London, 1822. SHATFORD, W.; English Grammar; 18mo, pp. 104: 1st Ed., London, 1884. SHAW, Rev. JOHN; English Grammar; 12mo, pp. 259: 4th Ed., London, 1798. SHERIDAN, THOMAS, A. M.; (1.) "Lectures on Elocution;" 12mo, pp. 185: London, 1762; Troy, N. Y., 1803. (2.) “Lectures on the Art of Reading." (3.) "A Rhetorical Grammar;" square 12mo, pp. 73: 3d Ed., Philadelphia, 1789. (4.) "Elements of English;" 12mo, pp. 69: Dublin, 1789. (5.) A Complete Dictionary of the English Language ;" 1st Ed., 1780. SHERMAN, JOHN; American Grammar; 12mo, pp. 323 1st Ed., Trenton Falls, N. Y., 1836. SIMMONITE, W. J.; English Grammar; 12mo, pp. 228: 1st Ed., London, 1841. SKILLERN, R. S., A. M.; English Grammar; 12mo, pp. 184: 2d Ed., Gloucester, England, 1808. SMART, B. H.; (1.) "A Practical Grammar of English Pronunciation;" Svo: London, 1810. (2.) "The Accidence of English Grammar;" 12mo, pp. 52: London, 1841. (3.) "The Accidence and Principles of English Grammar;" 12mo, pp. 280: London, 1841. SMETHAM, THOMAS; English Grammar; 12mo, pp. 168: 1st Ed., London, 1774. SMITH, ELI; English Grammar; 18mo, pp. 108: 1st Ed., Philadelphia, 1812. SMITH, JOHN; Grammar, Svo: Norwich, Eng., 1816. SMITH, PETER, A. M.; English Grammar; 18mo, pp. 176: 1st Ed., Edinburgh, 1826. SMITH, Rev. THOMAS; (1.) Alderson's "Orthographical Exercises," Copied; 18mo, pp. 108: 15th Ed., London, 1819. (2.) "Smith's Edition of L. Murray's Grammar;" 18mo, pp. 128: London, 1832. Very petty authorship. SMITH, ROSWELL C.; (1.) “English Grammar on the Inductive System;" 12mo, pp. 205: Boston, 1830; 2d Ed., 1881. (2.) English Grainmar on the Productive System;" 12mo, pp. 192: 2d Ed., New York, 1832. A sham. SNYDER, W.; English Grammar; 12mo, pp. 164: 1st Ed., Winchester, Va., 1834. SPALDING, CHARLES; English Grammar; 8vo, pp. 36: 1st Ed., Onondaga, N. Y., 1825. SPEAR, MATTHEW, P.; The Teacher's Manual of English Grammar;" 12mo, pp. 116: 1st Ed., Boston, 1845. SPENCER, GEORGE, A. M.; “An English Grammar on Synthetical Principles;" 12mo, pp. 178: New York, 1851. STANTFORD, DANIEL, A. M.; "A Short but Comprehensive Grammar;" 12mo, pp. 96: Boston, 1907; 2d Ed., 1815. STEARNS, GEORGE; English Grammar; 4to, pp. 17: 1st Ed., Boston, 1843. STOCKWOOD, JOHN; Gram., 4to: London, 1590. STORY, JOSHUA; English Grammar; 12mo, pp. 180: 1st Ed., Newcastle, Eng., 1778; 3d, 1763. ST. QUENTIN, D., M. A.; "The Rudiments of General Gram. ;" 12mo, pp. 163: Lond., TICKEN, WILLIAM; English Grammar; 12mo, pp. 147: 1st Ed., London, 1806. TICKNOR, ELISHA, A. M.; English Grammar; 1smo, pp. 72: 3d Ed., Boston, 1794. Tos, R.; Grammatical Institutes;" (in Verse ;) 12mo, pp. 72: 1st Ed., London, 1825. TODD, LEWIS C.; English Grammar; 18mo, pp. 126: Fredonia, N. Y., 1826; 2d Ed., 1827. TOUKE, JOHN HORNE, A. M.; "Epea Pteroenta; or, the Diversions of Purley;" 2 vols., 8vo; pp. 924: 1st American, from the 2d London Ed.; Philadelphia, 1806. TOWER, DAVID B., A. M.; "Gradual Lessons in Grammar;" sinall 12mo, pp. 180: Boston, 1847. TRENCH, RICHARD CHENEVIX, B. D; "On the Study of Words; 12mo, pp. 236: London, 1st Ed., 1851; 2d Ed., 1852: reprinted, New York, 1852. TRINDER, WILLIAM M.; English Grammar; 12mo, pp. 116: 1st Ed., London, 1781. TUCKER, BENJAMIN; "A Short Introd. to E. Gram. ;" 18mo, pp. 36: 4th Ed., Phila., 1812. TERSER, DANIEL, A. M.; English Grammar; 8vo: London, 1739. TURNER, Rev. BRANDON, A. M.; Grammar from G. Brown's Inst.; 12mo, pp. 238: Lond., 1841. TWITCHELL, MARK; English Grammar; 18mo, Pp. 106: 1st Ed., Portland, Me., 1825. USSHER, G. NEVILLE; English Grammar; 12mo, pp. 132: London, 1787; 8d Amer. Ed., Exeter, N. H., 1804. WALDO, JOHN; "Rudiments," 12mo; Philad., 1813:"Abridg't," 18mo, pp. 124; Philadelphia, 1814. WALKER, JOHN; (1.) E. Gram., 12mo, pp. 118: London, 1805. (2.)" Elements of Elocution;" 8vo, pp. 379: Boston, 1810. (8.) Rhyming Dict., 12mo; (4.) Pronouncing Dict., 8vo; and other valuable works. WALKER WILLIAM, B. D.; (1.) “ A Treatise of English Particles;" 12mo, pp. 488: London, 1653; 10th Ed., 1691. (2.) "The Art of Teaching Grammar;" large 18mo, pp. 226: 8th Ed., London, 1717. WALLIS, JOHN, D. D.; E. Gram. in Latin; 8vo, pp. 231: Lond., 1653; 6th Ed., 1765. WARD, H.; English Grammar; 12mo, pp. 151: Whitehaven, England, 1777. WARD, JOHN, LL.D.; English Grammar; 12mo, pp. 235: London, 1758. WARD, WILLIAM, A. M.; "A Practical Grammar;" 12mo, pp. 192: York, England, 1765. WARE, JONATHAN, Esq.; "A New introduction to English Grammar;" 12mo, pp. 48: Windsor, Vt., 1814. WASE, CHRISTOPHER, M. A.: "An Essay of a Practical Gram.," 12mo, pp. 79: Lond., 1660, WATT, THOMAS, A. M.; "Gram. Made Easy;" 18mo, pp. 92: Edinburgh, 1708.; 5th Ed., 1742. WEBBER, SAMUEL, A. M., M. D.; " An Introd. to E. Grammar;" 12mo, pp. 116: Cambridge, Mass., 1832. WEBSTER, NOAH, LL.D.; (1.) “A Plain and Comprehensive Grammar;" 12mo, pp. 131: 6th Ed., Hartford, Ct., 1800. (2.) “ A Philosophical and Practical Graminar " 12mo, pp. 250: Newhaven, Ct., 1807. (8.) 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WILBUR & LIVINGSTON; "The Grammatical Alphabet;" (with a Chart;) 18mo, pp. 36: 2d Ed., Albany, 1815. WILBUR, JOSIAH; English Grammar; 12mo, pp. 132: Bellows Falls, N. H., 1815; 2d Ed., 1822. WILCOX, A. F.; "A Catechetical and Practical Grammar;" 18mo, pp. 110: 1st Ed., Newhaven, Ct., 1828. WILLARD, SAMUEL; English Grammar; 18mo, pp. 54: 1st Ed., Greenfield, Mass., 1816. WILLIAMS, Mrs. HONORIA; English Grammar; 12mo, pp. 226: London, 1823; 3d Ed., 1826. WILSON, CHARLES, D. D.; Elements of Hebrew Grammar;" 8vo, pp. 398: 3d Ed., London, 1802. WILSON, GEORGE; English Grammar; 18mo; London, 1777. WILSON, JAMES P., D. D.; "An Essay on Grammar;" 8vo, pp. 281: Philadelphia, 1817. WILSON, JOHN; "A Treatise on English Punctuation" 12mo, pp. 204: Boston, 1850. WILSON, Rev. J.; English Grammar; 18mo, pp. 184: 3d Ed., Congleton, England, 1803. WINNING, Rev. W. B., M. A.; "A Manual of Comparative Philology;" 8vo, pp. 291: London, 1838. WISEMAN, CHARLES; an English Grammar, 12mo: London, 1765. WOOD, HELEN; English Grammar; 12mo, pp. 207 London, 1st Ed., 1827; 6th Ed., 1841. *The Names, or Heads, in the foregoing alphabetical Catalogue, are 452; the Works mentioned are 548; the Grammars are 463; the other Books are 85. END OF THE CATALOGUE. INTRODUCTION HISTORICAL AND CRITICAL. CHAPTER I. OF THE SCIENCE OF GRAMMAR. "Hæc de Grammatica quam brevissime potui: non ut omnia dicerem sectatus, (quod infinitum erat,) sed ut maxime necessaria."-QUINTILIAN. De Inst. Orat., Lib. i, Cap. x. 1. LANGUAGE, in the proper sense of the term, is peculiar to man; so that, without a miraculous assumption of human powers, none but human beings can make words the vehicle of thought. An imitation of some of the articulate sounds employed in speech, may be exhibited by parrots, and sometimes by domesticated ravens, and we know that almost all brute animals have their peculiar natural voices, by which they indicate their feelings, whether pleasing or painful. But language is an attribute of reason, and differs essentially not only from all brute voices, but even from all the chattering, jabbering, and babbling of our own species, in which there is not an intelligible meaning, with division of thought, and distinction of words. 2. Speech results from the joint exercise of the best and noblest faculties of human nature, from our rational understanding and our social affection; and is, in the proper use of it, the peculiar ornament and distinction of man, whether we compare him with other orders in the creation, or view him as an individual preeminent among his fellows. Hence that science which makes known the nature and structure of speech, and immediately concerns the correct and elegant use of language, while it surpasses all the conceptions of the stupid or unlearned, and presents nothing that can seem desirable to the sensual and grovelling, has an intrinsic dignity which highly commends it to all persons of sense and taste, and makes it most a favourite with the most gifted minds. That science is Grammar. And though there be some geniuses who affect to despise the trammels of grammar rules, to whom it must be conceded that many things which have been unskillfully taught as such, deserve to be despised; yet it is true, as Dr. Adam remarks, that, "The study of Grammar has been considered an object of great importance by the wisest men in all ages."-Preface to Latin and English Gram., p. iii. 3. Grammar bears to language several different relations, and acquires from each a nature leading to a different definition. First, It is to language, as knowledge is to the thing known; and as doctrine, to the truths it inculcates. In these relations, grammar is a science. It is the first of what have been called the seven sciences, or liberal branches of knowledge; namely, grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, geom etry, astronomy, and music. Secondly, It is as skill, to the thing to be done; and as power, to the instruments it employs. In these relations, grammar is an art; and as such, has long been defined, "ars rectè scribendi, rectèque loquendi," the art of writing and speaking correctly. Thirdly, It is as navigation, to the ocean, which nautic skill alone enables men to traverse. In this relation, theory and practice combine, and grammar becomes, like navigation, a practical science. Fourthly, It is as a chart, to a coast which we would visit. In this relation, our grammar is a textbook, which we take as a guide, or use as a help to our own observation. Fifthly, It is as a single voyage, to the open sea, the highway of nations. Such is our meaning, when we speak of the grammar of a particular text or passage. 4. Again: Grammar is to language a sort of self-examination. It turns the faculty of speech or writing upon itself for its own elucidation; and makes the tongue or the pen explain the uses and abuses to which both are liable, as well as the nature and excellency of that power, of which these are the two grand instruments. From this account, some may begin to think that in treating of grammar we are dealing with something too various and changeable for the understanding to grasp; a dodging Proteus of the imagination, who is ever ready to assume some new shape, and elude the vigilance of the inquirer. But let the reader or student do his part; and, if he please, follow us with attention. We will endeavour, with welded links, to bind this Proteus, in such a manner that he shall neither escape from our hold, nor fail to give to the consulter an intelligible and satisfactory response. Be not discouraged, generous youth. Hark to that sweet far-reaching note: "Sed, quanto ille magis formas se vertet in omnes, VIRGIL. Geor. IV, 411. "But thou, the more he varies forms, beware To strain his fetters with a stricter care." DRYDEN'S VIRGIL. 5. If for a moment we consider the good and the evil that are done in the world through the medium of speech, we shall with one voice acknowledge, that not only the faculty itself, but also the manner in which it is used, is of incalculable importance to the welfare of man. But this reflection does not directly enhance our respect for grammar, because it is not to language as the vehicle of moral or of immoral sentiment, of good or of evil to mankind, that the attention of the grammarian is particularly directed. A consideration of the subject in these relations, pertains rather to the moral philosopher. Nor are the arts of logic and rhetoric now considered to be properly within the grammarian's province. Modern science assigns to these their separate places, and restricts grammar, which at one period embraced all learning, to the knowledge of language, as respects its fitness to be the vehicle of any particular thought or sentiment which the speaker or writer may wish to convey by it. Accordingly grammar is commonly defined, by writers upon the subject, in the special sense of an art-"the art of speaking or writing a language with propriety or correctness."- Webster's Dict. 6. Lily says, "Grammatica est rectè scribendi atque loquendi ars;" that is, "Grammar is the art of writing and speaking correctly." Despauter, too, in his definition, which is quoted in a preceding paragraph, not improperly placed writing first, as being that with which grammar is primarily concerned. For it ought to be remembered, that over any fugitive colloquial dialect, which has never been fixed by visible signs, grammar has no control; and that the speaking which the art or science of grammar teaches, is exclusively that which has reference to a knowledge of letters. It is the certain tendency of writing, to improve speech. And in proportion as books are multiplied, and the knowledge of written language is diffused, local dialects, which are beneath the dignity of grammar, will always be found to grow fewer, and their differences less. There are, in the various parts of the world, many languages to which the art of grammar has never yet been applied; and to |