gence? They grew by your neglect of them. They protected by your arms! They have nobly taken up arms in your defence."

Examples of thorough stress,' with a sustained bold force on the whole tone.

1.

"Strike - till the last arm'd foe expires,
Strike for your altars and your fires,

Strike

for the green graves of your sires,

God—and your native land!'

2. But if ye are men, then follow me!

Strike down yon

sentinel, and gain the mountain passes; and there do bloody work as did your sires at old Thermopyla!"

Examples for the median stress,' with a smooth tremulous swell.

First, the slow tremor,' — as in the feeble, pathetic pleading of the dying child, very short slides,' and very soft

force.'

1.

"Give me three grains of corn, mother,

Only three grains of corn;

It will keep the little life I have,

Till the coming of the morn.

I am dying of hunger and cold, mother,
Dying of hunger and cold,

And half the agony of such a death
My lips have never told."

2. "I tell you that which you yourselves do know ;

Show you sweet Cæsar's wounds,

And bid them speak for me.'

vor.

-poor, poor dumb mouths,

Second, rapid tremor' of joy, tenderness, rapture, or fer

1. "The heart of the sleeper beats high in his breast;

Joy quickens his pulses, his hardships seem o'er,

And a murmur of happiness steals through his rest,—
O God! thou hast blest me; I ask for no more."

2. On board, we hailed the lad beloved,

With many a manly shout:
The father drew with silent joy
Those wet arms round his neck,
And folded to his heart his boy, -

Then fainted on the deck."

In fervent admiration the median stress may be given with the tremulous swell.'

Examples of full and lively median stress.'

1. "O young Lochinvar is come out of the west,
Through all the wide border his steed was the best,
And save his good broadsword he weapon had none,
He rode all unarmed, and he rode all alone.
So faithful in love, and so dauntless in war,
There never was knight like the young Lochinvar."

But thou, O Hope! with eyes so fair,

What was thy delighted measure?
Still it whispered promised pleasure,

And bade the lovely scenes at distance — hail.
Still would her touch the strain prolong;

And from the rocks, the woods, the vale,
She called on Echo still through all her song!
And, where her sweetest theme she chose,

A soft responsive voice was heard at every close;
And Hope, enchanted, smiled, and waved her golden hair."

Rapturous joy, like Romeo's, should have the longest and smoothest and happiest tremulous median stress.'

"But soft! what light through yonder window breaks? It is the east, and Juliet is the sun!

"She speaks:

O, speak again, bright angel! for thou art
As glorious to this night, being o'er my head,
As is a winged messenger of Heaven
Unto the white-upturned, wond'ring eyes
Of mortals, that fall back to gaze on him,
When he bestrides the lazy-pacing clouds,
And sails upon the bosom of the air."

"O blessed, blessed night! I am afear'd, Being in night, all this is but a dream

Too flattering-sweet to be substantial."

With very long slides,' and 'loud force,' and 'high pitch,' the tremulous vanishing stress' is natural and most effective in the following example of impassioned fear and entreaty.

"Oh! save me, Hubert, save me! my eyes are out
Even with the fierce looks of these bloody men!
Alas! what need you be so boist'rous-rough?

I will not struggle; I will stand stone-still.
For Heaven's sake, Hubert! let me not be bound!
Nay, hear me, Hubert! drive these men away
And I will sit as quiet as a lamb;

I will not stir, nor wince, nor speak a word,
Nor look upon the irons angerly;

Thrust but these men away, and I'll forgive you,
Whatever torment you do put me to."

QUALITY OF VOICE.

Quality of voice is 'pure' or 'impure.'

It is 'pure' when all the breath used is vocalized. It is impure' or aspirated when only a part of the breath is vocalized.

PRINCIPLE.

• Pure quality' should be used to express all pure ideas; that is, all good and agreeable ideas.

Impure quality,' or aspirated, should be used to express all impure ideas; that is, all bad or disagreeable ideas.

Examples of impure quality.'

Painful earnestness or anxiety demands this aspirated quality' with abrupt vanishing stress.'

1. "Take care! your very life is endangered !"

2. "Oh! 't was a fearsome sight! Ah me!

3. "While thronged the citizens with terror dumb, Or whispering with white lips, "The foe! they come, they come !"

4.

66

He springs from his hammock, he flies to the deck, –
Amazement confronts him with images dire,
Wild winds and mad waves drive the vessel a wreck:
The masts fly in splinters, the shrouds are on fire!

"Like mountains the billows tremendously swell :

In vain the lost wretch calls on mercy to save;
Unseen hands of spirits are ringing his knell,

And the death-angel flaps his broad wing o'er the
wave."

Extreme aspiration should mark the fear and horror in the following words of Macbeth.

5.

'I'll go no more: I am afraid to think what I have done; Look on 't again I dare not.”

Strong aspiration and abrupt radical stress."

6. “I am astonished, shocked, to hear such principles confessed, to hear them avowed in this house, or in this

country; principles equally unconstitutional, inhuman, and unchristian!

'Bold' and impassioned' examples for very abrupt stress' and aspirated quality' on the emphatic words.

7. "It was the act of a coward, who raises his arm to strike, but has not the courage to give the blow! I will not call him villain, because it would be unparliamentary, and he is a privy councillor. I will not call him fool, because he happens to be chancellor of the exchequer. But I say he is one who has abused the privilege of parliament and freedom of debate, to the uttering of language which, if spoken out of the house, I should answer only with a blow! I care not how high his situation, how low his character, or how contemptible his speech; whether a privy councillor or a parasite, my answer would be a blow!"

8. "The wretch, who, after having seen the consequences of a thousand errors, continues still to blunder, and whose age has only added obstinacy to stupidity, is surely the object of either abhorrence or contempt, and deserves not that his gray hairs should secure him from insult."

9. "If ye are beasts, then stand here like fat oxen waiting for the butcher's knife."

This quality of voice demands that the aspirates and the less resonant consonants be made very prominent in the enunciation, while the purer vowels and the liquid, pleasant consonants reserve their prominence till pure tone is required.

'Contemptuous and ironical' example.

10. "But base ignoble slaves, slaves to a horde

Of petty tyrants, feudal despots, lords

Rich in some dozen paltry villages,

Strong in some hundred spearmen, — only great
In that strange spell—a name."