relieve this fortress, having failed, it is confidently expected that want of provisions must soon force a surrender. Our government is said, and we hope the report is true, to have adopted a more friendly conduct towards this gallant people, who, in their slight merchant vessels, have proved themselves fully qualified to cope with the regular navy of the Porte. Recalling to mind the deeds of their ancestors, they have again set fire to a Turkish fleet in Tenedos, blowing up the ship of the Captain Pacha, (whose vessel had on board it the staff, money for paying the fleet, and a division of troops,) driving two frigates on shore, and capturing a brig. On land also they have recently been equally successful, in Western Greece, which has been freed from all hostile attack, at least until the expiration of the winter, by the defeat of Omar Vrioni, who, besieging and surrounding the Greek chiefs, was resisted for three days in the pass of Tygos by 3000 Greeks, who during that time were without food, and well nigh reduced to despair, when twelve Greek vessels arrived at the port, burnt the three Turkish vessels which were bombarding the town, and landed the succours; by whom, and a sortie from the garrison, the Turkish army was completely routed, several of them being drowned in the Archelous in the pursuit, in which many were captured, none indeed but the cavalry escaping. These disasters in Greece have led to great disturbances in Constantinople, where for a considerable time the Janizaries and rabble contesteda; point with the Sultan, which he at length was obliged to yield, by dismissing his minister, and appointing as his successor the nominee of this mutinous people. This compliance with their demands, and the beheading of Chourschid Pacha, the unsuccessful commander against the Greeks, has in some measure restored tranquillity to a capital, where there has too often been but a step between a bowstring and a throne. That throne seems now tottering to its fall, for the Persians having attacked and completely defeated the Turkish army, they pursued them to within two days' march of Azzaroom, which would have fallen into their hands, but that the cholera morbus, and the fatigue of the pursuit overland, compelled the Prince Royal to lead back his troops to Tabris, with the spoils they had taken. The Porte, when the last accounts came away, was about to sue for

peace.

AMERICA Seems likely to be engaged in another warfare with Algiers, from a failure in point of etiquette of her consul at the regency, who, in riding out of the city, suffered the aga, or chief minister, to pass him without alighting, as it is customary to do. For this neglect, the consequence, it is said, of ignorance of the established forms, he was immediately pulled from his horse, and very ill treated, and, on demanding satisfaction of the Dey, he was refused it. Upon this, after drawing up an account of the insult he had received, and causing it to be signed by several European consuls, he immediately embarked for Mahon. In its interior concerns, it would appear from the message of the president, that the country is in a very flourishing condition, with a surplus revenue of three millions of dollars, the military and naval forces in an efficient state, and manufactories fast reviving from the depression of the peace.

In SOUTH AMERICA, confusion is still but too prevalent amongst the various independent states, just starting into a new political existence, which will, we doubt not, have a most important effect upon the future history of the world. Recent accounts from the Havannah

represent that city to be in the most miserable state, infested with a band of bravoes, who commit depredations of the most atrocious kind: no family can go to rest at night, without the most alarming apprehensions for their safety, the ruffians, armed with deadly weapons, being so numerous and so bold as to compel the police to call the inhabitants to their aid. Piracies are there carried on upon the broadest and most daring scale, against all lawful commerce; a lawless course, from which the Americans are the chief sufferers, although our own trade does not escape, notwithstahding the measures taken for its protection, and which have led to the capture of some of these daring Buccaneers. It is expected, however, and we think with abundant reason, that the treaty between Columbia, Peru, Chili, and Buenos Ayres, will have a most important effect in Europe; and it is supposed that, with proper energy, a few months may terminate the war still carrying on between the Independents and the Royalists, in the former transatlantic possessions of Spain and Portugal. The troops of the latter power are expected ere this to have come to an engagement with the Brazilian army, the distant roar of canon in their direction having thrown the inhabitants of Bahia into the greatest alarm, in consequence of which they were shipping off all their valuables on board the vessels in the harbour. An embargo, at all events, has for some time been laid in the Brazils, upon all ships bound to the Eastern dominions of Portugal, and all Portuguese property has been sequestrated. In the new empire of Mexico, the military emperor, Iturbide, the Napoleon of South America, has already been annoyed by addresses from various public bodies and districts of his territories, loudly complaining of the oppression of his government, and upbraiding him, not very ceremoniously, with the violation of the oath which he took in the presence of his congress: so that misgovernment and tyranny are proved not to reside in legitimacy alone, but in the evil propensity of man to domineer over and oppress his fellow men. In the true spirit of a tyrant, therefore, whether he be elected or hereditary, he has paid no regard whatever to these remonstrances, but proceeded, in the most arbitrary manner, to place under his sole authority, the country which he delivered from a foreign yoke, but to subject it more absolutely to his own. He has accordingly deposed the Junta, subverted the decrees of the Cortes, and seized on property of the merchants to the amount of two or three millions of dollars. For the latter offence, the minister of Peru has been dismissed his office by General San Martin, to whom a petition to that effect was presented by the people, though even he hesitated for some time in complying with it.

LONDON: PRINTED AT THE CAXTON PRESS, BY HENRY FISHER.

ERRATUM IN No. XI.

Page 202. At the close of the Anecdote relating to M. Foscue, the French Extortioner, "Waverley" was referred to by mistake, instead of the novel of "Kenilworth," by the same Author.

THE SIXTH VOLUME.