for dividing the fluid by either of its extremities indifferently. We shall cease to be surprized that, since they are acquainted with the hatchet, which seems to afford both facility and dispatch, they have not preferred the use of it to the laborious and long proceeding which they continue to employ, if we do not forget that fire has the property of hardening the wood to which it has been applied, consequently of procuring it greater density, and of rendering it more impervious to the water. It cannot be doubted that they have discovered in fire this property of rendering wood more compact, and of prolonging its duration when it is to be exposed to moisture, since, when they make a point to a stake which they intend to be driven into the ground, they take great care to harden, by means of fire, all the part that is to be buried.' p. 234.

In the account given of their manners, it is worthy of observation, that "the men appear to have for the women the regard and attention which their weakness claims; they are not seen here, as among most of the savage nations of AMERICA, charged with the rudest labours, and frequently treated no better than our beasts of burden. The men have reserved for themselves every laborious occupation, hunting, fishing, and the preparation and cooking of meat and fish. The employments of the women consist in cleaning the skins from their last grease, and sewing them and making them into dresses. Their difficulty in walking, and their embonpoint announce that their life is very sedentary. They were seen sometimes to handle a paddle, but in cases only when they were alone in the canoe, or when the men were not in sufficient numbers to manage it. They appear very subordinate to their husbands; but the latter have for them the greatest respect; and they seldom take the liberty of concluding a bargain without consulting them. The women eat in common with the husband and the children; and it is well known, that among the greater part of the tribes which occupy the islands of the GREAT OCEAN, and among some of those of the continent of AMERICA, the men never admit the women to their table." p. 242.

From the foregoing extracts our readers may form an estimate of the

work. There is much similar information. We shall just state the me thod, and mention the remaining subjects.

The first volume is divided into six chapters; the first contains the departure from Marseilles, and arrival at Santa Christina. The second gives a general description of the Marquesas, and a particular one of Santa Christina, taken from accounts of the Spaniards, English and French; the accounts of the soil, productions, manners, &c. of this place, are very copious and particular. In the third is a description of a newly discovered island, at a short distance from the Marquesas, with an account of its inhabitants, and the run of the ship from thence to the North-west coast of America.

In the fourth chapter is given an account of their arrival at the Northwest coast, and their putting into Dixon's Norfolk Sound, with the events during their stay; their traffic with the natives for furs; and a particular account of the place and the people. The fifth contains their departure from Tchinkitanay, discovery of three good harbours on the coast, and the directing of their course to China, it being the object of this voyage to obtain furs from the northwest coast of America to dispose of in India. The sixth chapter concludes this volume, with offering conjectures respecting the manner in which the north-west coast of America may have been peopled.

The second volume contains three chapters, and considerable additions to the work. In the seventh chapter is described the passage from the north-west coast of America to the Sandwich Islands, where they obtain refreshments, and make for Macao through the Archipelago of the Mary Anne Islands; the introduction of furs into China, by the southern ports, had just been prohibited. In the eighth chapter the passage of the China Sea is described in their departure from Macao, with the pass through Garpar's Strait, and the navigation from thence to the Isle of France. In the ninth chapter is the departure of the voyagers from the Isle of France; they pass the Isle of Bourbon, stop at St. Helena, and from thence return to Toulon, after an absence of twenty months.

The design of the voyage, in point

did he pretend to avenge any supposed injustice of England.

"His majesty has been under the necessity of inviting the Catholic King to unite with him, by virtue of their engagements to redress their respective grievances, and to set bounds to the tyrannical usurpation which England has entered into and persists in, in all affairs of a maritime nature.

"The King might devote to silence and oblivion the calumnies and mistakes, on which the king of England founds his defence; and it is with the greatest repugnance, that he feels himself obliged to take some notice of them.

"He remained a tranquil spectator of the contest between Great Britain and her colonies; and the utter aversion he felt for every thing which could excite the slightest suspicion of his taking any part in the business has prevented him from entering into correspondences of any sort with the insurgents of America."

The ninth chapter contains considerations on the effects of the alliance of France with America; in which it is remarked, that, "The French monarchy was indebted for its splendour to the submission of its inhabibitants, to the directing and absolute controul of their government; and the troops of the king went, sword in hand, to support at Philadelphia the doctrine of the act of American independence, which maintained, expressly and unequivocally, that the just power of governments could only be derived from the consent of the people." p. 413, 414.

"In fine, Lewis XVI. sent to Philadelphia the flower of his troops, conducted by young officers, who, when they quitted Paris, carried with them the manners of Frenchmen, and a disposition strictly conformed to despotism and the Court of Versailles; but who, when they arrived at the place of their destination, found

possession of the sovereignty, cannot be confirmed but by the recognition of foreign powers. It is this act of recognition into which we have entered, which we are bound to prove to be an act legal and just.

"As this tyranny is the true and only cause of the hostile proceedings of France, I conceive, that an exact representation of the English empire, and the use they make of it, is abso lutely necessary, as a justifying document in behalf of all the measures we may take against Great Britain.

"I ought not to impute to the King of England the possibility of having calumniated me; according to the most notorious principles of English law, he cannot be guilty of a calumny. His ministers are universally responsible; they are alone held to be guilty; and it is to them we ought to attribute the calumnies of which we may have to complain. This remark as of essential importance.

"It would be difficult to persuade the French nation, the English, or the people of Europe, that France has taken no part in the troubles of the English colonies; it would, therefore, be better not to utter afsyllable on this subject; since, true or false, our asseveration will scarcely be be lieved." p. 398–401.

themselves called upon to expose their lives in the maintenance of opinions of such a nature as, at all times, and in all countries, have given a concussion to the human mind; have let loose the passions of our species; have placed governments in the most perifous situations, and have utterly annihilated all those whose genius and force were inferior to the genius and force of the people who attacked them." p. 414, 415.

It is therefore argued by the Author, that the nobility who abandoned their order in 1789, performed their revolutionary studies in the United States; and that the interference of the French in the American contest was one great mean of producing a republican government in France.

The tenth and last chapter in this volume gives the sentiments of the opposition in France relative to the American war.

in imposture, or enthusiasm, and the actions of Jesus are considered with a reference to each of these supposi tions. Jewish zealots are described; an inference is drawn from the foregoing facts, and the chapter closes with a recapitulation of the subjects it contains.

The third chapter represents, "The conduct of the Disciples ;" and is introduced with shewing how far they resembled their countrymen; who they were; and the nature of the address Jesus delivered to them after they were chosen. Their conduct is exemplified in their ignorance of their Master's real office, and distrust of his power. Their behaviour at the transfiguration is considered as an evidence of their disposition to interpret the prophecies literally, which is confirmed by the dispute among them who should be greatest.

The candid representation of their own conduct is urged as a proof of their veracity. The triumphant entry of Jesus Christ into Jerusalem; the occurrences in the garden, and apprehension of Jesus; with the sentiments and conduct of the disciples at that event, are introduced and followed by the circumstances attending the Resurrection, upon which the Disciples are convinced, and boldly preach a crucified Messiah. How this change is to be accounted for is next considered. The author then shews that they retain some remnant of their old prejudices and mistakes, instanced in the circumstances attending the conversion of Cornelius; the relation of which is accompanied with some reflections. The Edict at Jerusalem is the last incident noticed in this chapter, which finishes with the conclusion warranted by these facts and others harmonizing with them.

The miracles wrought by the Disciples during the Life of our Lord, are considered in the fourth chapter.

In discussing this subject the Author adopts the following plan. In the first place he proposes to shew, that the extraordinary power of working miracles was really conferred; and secondly, that it was as certainly exercised; thirdly, he considers the purposes for which it was bestowed; and lastly, the effect it seemed to have upon the minds of those to whom it was imparted. One instance against the exercise of this power examined,

with the reasons assigned for it, and reflections upon the subject. The uniformity of the divine dispensations considered, which is followed by the result of this enquiry, proved to be favourable to the truth of our holy religion and the vindication of the Apostle's character, with which the chapter closes.

Chapter the fifth describes the scheme of the Gospel. In this chapter the difference between the mode and extent of Christ's preaching and that of the Apostles is stated, which is observed to be made the ground of an objection by infidels; this objection is refuted by the author, who shews the design of the gospel, that it was offered to the Jews first, but intended from the first to comprehend the Gentiles, and offers various proofs of this intention. The rejection of the gospel is shewn to be foretold by our Lord, as well as the destruction of the Jewish polity. It is argued, the Disciples acted in conformity with the views and directions of their Master; and if they had made any alteration, it would have been of a very different kind from that imputed to them, as no motive can be assigned for their conduct in this particular, but their wel! grounded confidence in the pretensions of Jesus to the title of Messiah, and the improbabilities of any other supposition.

The character of Jesus is described in chapter the sixth. This chapter is introduced by describing the malignity and extent of the charge urged by unbelievers against the Christian Religion, particularly as it affects the character of Jesus; an objection against producing the testimony of his friends is obviated in this place. Concessions of his adversaries; some of the most considerable infidels are named, and objections extracted from their works, which are here obviated; and after answering the enquiry, what the intentions of Jesus must have been according to the assumptions of his enemies, the author shews their own concessions to be at variance with these assumptions. The different grounds of argument taken by unbelievers is examined, and the imputation of imposture shewn to be inconsistent with the character of the virtues they allow him to have possessed. The near inspection to which the conduct of our Lord was subjected; and yet no instance of any deviation