when the work was completed, he received the express approbation of God; and the continuance of the sceptre of Israel in his family, to the fourth generation, was promised as the reward of this good and accepted service." Jehovah, said unto Jehu, because thou hast done well," &c. And it cannot be conceived, that the very same deed, which was commanded, approved, and rewarded, in Jehu, who performed it, should be punished as a crime in Jehu's posterity, who had no share in the transaction. "To avoid this difficulty, another interpretation is mentioned with approbation by the learned Pocock, in which the blood of Jezrael," is still understood of the blood of Ahab's family, shed by Jehu in Jezrael; but, by a particular acceptation of the verb p, [to visit] this is understood not as the object, but as the standard, or model, of the punishment, and the words are brought to this sense, that God will execute vengeance upon the wicked house of Jehu, in slaughter abundant as the slaughter of Ahab's family and kindred in Jezrael; but in this way of taking the words, a punishment is denounced for a crime not specified, which is not after the manner of the denunciations of holy writ. Besides, although the Hebrew words in themselves might not be incapable of this construction, if this were the only passage in which the phrase occurred: the truth is, it is a very common manner of expression; and wherever the phrase is used of "visiting any thing upon a person," the thing, which is the object of the verb transitive (without any preposition or prefix) is always to be understood as some crime to be punished upon the person: and to take the phrase in any

other manner here would be a mode of interpretation, which would tend to bring upon the style of the sacred writers the very worst species of obscurity-that of uncertainty; divesting the most familiar expressions of a clear definite meaning.'

"For these reasons, I am persuaded, that Jezrael is to be taken in this passage in its mystical meaning; and is to be understood of the persons typified by the prophet's son-the holy seed-the true servants and worshippers of God. It is threatened that their blood is to * 2 Kings x. 30,

be visited upon the house of Jehu, by which it had been shed. The princes descended from Jehu were all idolaters; and idolaters have always been persecutors of the true religion. In all ages, and in all countries, they have persecuted the Jezrael unto death, whenever they have had the power of doing it. The blood of Jezrael, therefore, which was to be visited upon the house of Jehu, was the blood of God's servants, shed in persecution, and of infants shed upon the altars of their idols by the idolatrous princes of the line of Jehu, and so the expression was understood by St. Jerome and by Luther." Critical Notes, p. 53, 54, 55, 56.

CHAP. V. VER. 2.-" The Prickers have made a deep Slaughter.

Prickers," scouts on horseback, attendants on the chase, whose business it was to scour the country all around, and drive the wild beasts into the toils. The priests and rulers are accused as the seducers of the people to apostacy and idolatry, not merely by their own ill example, but with premeditated design, under the image of hunters deliberately spreading their nets and snares upon the mountains. And their agents and emissaries in this nefarious project, are represented under the image of The toils and nets are whatever in the prickers in this destructive chase. the external form of idolatry was calculated to captivate the minds of altars, images richly adorned, the men; magnificent temples, stately gaiety of festivals, the pomp, and, in the public rites. All which was supmany instances, even the horror of ported by the government at a vast the prickers made, is the killing of expence. The deep slaughter which

the souls of men. P. 16.

is, that he has omitted to add this remark at the end of the long note on the word "memorial," in chap. xii. 5. namely, that the person, of whom it is said, that the name JEHOVAH is his memorial, is no other than he whom the patriarch found at Bethel, who there spake with the Israelites in the loins of their progenitor. He, whom the patriarch found at Bethel, who there, in that manner, spake with the Israelites, was, by the tenor of the context, the antagonist with whom Jacob was afterwards matched at Peniel. The antagonist, with whom he was matched at Peniel, wrestled with the patriarch, as we read in the book of Genesis a, in the

human form: The conflict was no sooner ended than the patriarch acknowledged his antagonist as Godb. The holy prophet first calls him angel () and after mention of the colluctation, and of the meeting and conference at Bethel, says, that he, whom he had called angel, was "JEHOVAH, God of Hosts." And to make the assertion of this person's Godhead, if possible, still more unequivocal; he adds, that to him belonged, as his appropriate memorial, that name which is declarative of the

very essence of the Godhead. This man, therefore, of the book of Genesis, this angel of Hosea, who wrestled with Jacob, could be no other than the JEHOVAH-ANGEL, of whom we o often read in the English Bible, under the name of the "angel of the Lord" a phrase of an unfortunate structure, and so ill-conformed to the original, that it is to be feared, it has led many into the error of conceiving of the Lord as one person, and of the angel as another. The word of the Hebrew, ill rendered "the Lord," is not like the English word, an appellative, expressing rank or condition; but it is the proper name JEHOVAH. And this proper name Jehovah, is not, in the Hebrew, a genitive after the noun-substantive angel," as the English represents it; but the Jehovah" and "angel," are two nouns substantive in apposition, both speaking of the same person; the one, by the appropriate name of the essence (rendering by its very etymology, the λόγος τῆς ἐσίας, if it may be permitted to apply logical terms to that which is

מלאך and יהוה words

a title of office. "Jehovah-Angel" would be a better rendering. The JEHOVAH-ANGEL of the Old Testament is no other than He, who, in the fullness of time, "was incarnate by the Holy Ghost of the Virgin Mary." Advertisement, p. 225.

CHAP. Xiii. VER. 15." No Repentance is discoverable to my Eye!"

THE frequent and sudden transifrom indignation to pathetic persuations from threatening to promise, sion, and the contrary, produce much obscurity in the latter part of this prophet, which, however, disappears, when breaks are made in the proper places. In the 13th verse, the peril of Ephraim's situation, arising from his own hardened thoughtlessness, is described in the most striking images. In the 14th, God the Saviour comfinal deliverance and salvation. In forts him with the promise of the these words, " No repentance is discoverable to my eye," the Saviour complains, that these terrors and these hopes are all ineffectual; that he perceives no signs of repentance wrought by them. The Hebrew sounds literally, Repentance is hidfect of the thing is most strongly exden from mine eyes." The total depressed in the assertion, that nothing of it is to be discerned by the allsearching eye of the Divine Saviour. This complaint of universal impenitence, with the reason assigned, introduces new threatening, with which the chapter ends. The reason assigned for the impenitence is, that Ephraim is run wild among savage beasts, broken loose from the restraints of God's holy law, given up to his depraved appetites, and turned the savage beasts. P. 47. mere heathen; for the heathen are

III. LIFE OF BONAPARTE, First Consul of France, from his Birth to the Peace of Luneville. To which is added, an Account of his remarkable Actions, Replies, Speeches, and Traits of Character: with Anecdotes of his different Campaigns. Translated from the French, with his Portrait by Heath. 8vo. boards, 8s. Robinsons, Paternoster-Row.

* Gen. xxxii. 24.

b

ver. 30.

HE biographer gives the followclose of his preface.

"Like Alexander, he is of the middle stature, of a pale and delicate, though tolerably strong complexion, dark eyes, aquiline nose, the chin prominent, the forehead wide, and the whole countenance indicative of a discerning and elevated mind.

"He is habitually of a taciturn and contemplative disposition; yet is not devoid of the French politeness and gaiety. To a courage at once ardent and daring, he unites a coolness which nothing can derange; to the vast conceptions of genius, all those stratagems of war which Hannibal practised so ably against the Romans; the deepest reflection to the most rapid execution; all the impetuosity of youth to the experience of riper years; the sagacity of the politician to the talents of a great general; and, lastly, to a desire of glory and the daring spirit of former conquerors, the virtues of sober wisdom, and every sentiment of humanity and moderation; politics and the military art are so much the favourite studies of his mind, as to be carried almost to enthusiasm and passion; and from the opposite qualities of her first consul, equally great in peace as in war, France may justly boast, that she also has her Washington." Preface, p. viii, ix, x.

This work is divided into thirtyfour chapters, giving an account of the battles in which Bonaparte was engaged, and the most important actions of his life.

From the first chapter, containing his birth, particulars of his youth, and the siege of Toulon, we obtain the following information.

"Napoleon Bonaparte was born at Ajaccio in Corsica, on the 15th of August 1769. He was brought early into France, and was placed in the military school of Brienne in Champagne, under the direction of the fathers, called Minims; where the education he received developed in him the hidden germs of talents and genius.

"In his youth, almost in his infancy, he displayed an energy, and a certain degree of pride, that would be a fault in an inferior character, but which appears almost invariably to show itself in those designed for an extraordinary and eccentric career, and to be a marked and distinguish ing quality of their minds.

"While a pupil at the college of

Brienne, he formed his little garden with his own hands, and fortified it, as well as he was able, against the attacks of his enemies. In this garden he was fond of shutting himself up, to walk and to meditate; and he passed there almost all his hours of recreation, with a book of philosophy or mathematics in his hand, his mind seeming to disdain all lower occupations and less important studies. The youths of the college were unfortunate enough, in letting off some fireworks, to injure his little property; and he made them repent their carelessness. His school-fellows feared, but they esteemed him at the same time, and may be said even to revere him.

"The only sports he was fond of were those which required thought, or were a type of the military art. He inspired several of his companions with the same inclination, and taught them the military exercise, in which he conducted himself so well, that they were led to say, does he not appear born to command?

"As it is natural to take pleasure in viewing the first efforts of an heroic mind, and tracing in their dawn those eminent qualities which are one day to command the respect and admiration of the world, we shall here recite a few anecdotes of the childhood and youth of the First Consul. The following circumstances are little known, but they are real facts. They come from Baron Lr, a schoolfellow of the Consul's and the friend of his childhood. Before he had made any figure, or his name had been even mentioned in any political connection in France, Baron Ĺ——-r, said, I wish I knew what is become of a school-fellow of mine, of the name of Bonaparte; his whole heart must be in the revolution.

"They had been at the military school at Brienne together, had left it at the same time to go to Paris, and were in habits of close intimacy while they continued there. "Bonaparte,' says he, "always showed the most lively interest in the success of the patriots of Corsica when in arms: he listened eagerly to all news from his country: Paoli was his god; he never mentioned him, or his native soil, without enthusiasm. Some of the French officers, who had been in Corsica, would now and then repair to the military school, and, talking of

the war, would give the most exaggerated accounts of their success against the Corsicans: Bonaparte quietly suffered them to talk on, asking them occasionally a shrewd question or two; but when he was certain he could prove their having falsified a fact, he would exclaim eagerly:Are you not ashamed for a momentary gratification of vanity to calumniate in this manner a whole nation! You say there were six hundred of you only in the engagement: I know you were six thoufand; and that you were opposed only by a few wretched peasants!' He would then open his journals and maps, and he generally ended his declamation with saying to his friend- Come, Lr, let us leave these dastards.' L-r followed and pacified him. P. 5-9

"At the time of his confirmation, when the archbishop asked his name, Bonaparte answered it with an open. ness and confidence that formed a singular contrast with the timid and downcast looks of his comrades. The name of Napoleon being rather uncommon, escaped the archbishop, who desired him to repeat it, which Bonaparte did, with a little appearance of impatience. The assisting minister remarked to the prelate: Napoleon! I do not know that saint.' 'Parbleu, I believe it,' replied Bonaparte, the saint is a Corsican.' P. 11.

His valour being noticed by the representatives with the army, at the siege of Toulon, he was advanced, from an officer in a company of artillery, to the rank of general of brigade. He was soon appointed geheral in chief of the army of Italy, after the French had received a check by the arrival of General Wurmser, and obliged to raise the siege of Mantua, and the number of troops with Bonaparte amounted only to twelve hundred men. At this time an officer arrived from the enemy's quarters, requesting a parley. He was brought hood-winked before the general: his errand was to declare, that the left wing of the French army was surrounded, and that his general wished to know, whether the rest were willing to surrender.

"Go, tell your general, replied Bonaparte, if his intention be to insult the French army, that I am here; that it is he and his corps who are prisoners; that one of his co

lumns is cut off by our troops at Salo, in their way from Brescia to Trent, and that if he do not lay down his arms in eight minutes from this time, or if he suffer a single musket to be fired, every soul shall perish with him. Take the bandage from the gentleman's eyes: let him see General Bonaparte and his staff in the midst of an army of brave republicans. Tell your general he has a good prize to take.' The Austrians demanded time to deliberate; during which, every thing was preparing for the attack. The leader of the enemy's column, desiring to be heard, proposed to surrender on capitulation. No,' replied Bonaparte,

you are prisoners of war.' The enemy still hesitating, Bonaparte ordered the light artillery to advance, and begin the attack. The Austrian general then exclaimed: We surrender unconditionally.'

"Thus three Austrian battalions, consisting of four thousand men and two hundred hulans, having the advantage of four pieces of cannon, and drawn up in order of battle, laid down their arms to twelve hundred republicans. P. 51, 52, 53.

At the end of the seventh chapter we find the following circumstance. "On the night ensuing the long and dreadful battle of Arcola, Bonaparte disguised himself in the dress of an inferior officer, and traversed the camp. In the course of his round he discovered a centinel leaning on the butt-end of his musket in a profound sleep. Bonaparte, taking the musket from under him, placed his head gently on the ground, and kept watch for two hours in his stead; at the end of which the regular guard came to relieve him. On awakening, the soldier was astonished at seeing a young officer doing duty for him; but when, looking more attentively, he recognised in this officer the commander in chief, his astonishment was converted into terror, The general!→

Bonaparte!' he exclaimed; I am then undone.' Bonaparte, with the utmost gentleness, replied, 'Not so, fellow-soldier; recover yourself: after so much fatigue, a brave man like you may be allowed for a while to sleep; but, in future, choose your time better." P. 68, 69.

"At the signing of the preliminaries at Leoben, which were the basis of the treaty of Campo-Formio, the