founded. Some remarks are then made on the South Sea scheme, on bank paper, and on the facility of forgeries. A few hasty remarks are thrown in on Mr. Thornton's publication, noticed in our last, and the author promises to take up the subject more at large. In the mean time we give the following extract as a specimen of the author's manner.

He

"Just as this opuscule was committing to the press, the above publication made its appearance. Whether the author will be able to regain all, or any part of the public confidence to the Bank, and especially of that confidence which foreigners had in it, by his reasoning, it is difficult to say. At all events his statement shews the establishment to have fallen, by whatever means, into a maze of difficulties, from which his great sagacity cannot point the way out. As the late minister said, when pressed on the subject of our embarrassments by the protraction of hostilities, 'Go on with the war; Go on with the war;' so says Mr. T. of those of the Bank, 'Continue your confidence; Continue your confidence.' shews in his way of reasoning, that however ample the Bank's general fund may have been, it may nevertheless be reduced to its last guinea, and brought under the necessity of making a suspension of its pay'ments. (See page 126.) In a note at the foot of page 64, after a few remarks in the way of comparison between the Bank of Amsterdam, with that of England, he wishes it to be believed that the less money a Bank contains, the safer it is, and the more deserving of support. 'If,' says he, the property of a public Bank is kept in money, a rapacious enemy inay seize that money. If lent to the merchants, the enemy, by their requisitions, may draw it from the merchants; and by thus incapaci'tating the merchants to pay their debts to the Bank, may cause the failure of the Bank.' This is supposing the country to be every day in danger of invasion; nay more, to be actually in the possession of an enemy. But let us see how the great Mr. Burke, in his Reflections,' treats the idea of attaching credit to Bank paper, which has not its correspondent value in gold and silver to support it. At present the state of their treasury, (France) sinks every day

4

more and more in cash, and swells 'more and more în fictitious representation. When so little within or without is now found but paper, the representative, not of opulence, but want, the creature, not of credit, but of power, they imagine that our flou'rishing state in England is owing to 'the Bank paper, and not the Bank 'paper to the flourishing condition of our commerce, to the solidity of our credit, and to the total exclusion of all idea of power from any part of 'the transaction. They forget that in England, not one shilling of paper money of any description is received but of choice; that the whole has had its origin in cash actually deposited; and that it is convertible, at pleasure, in an instant, and without the smallest loss, into cash again. Our paper is of value in commerce, 'because in law it is of none. It is powerful on Change, because in Westminster Hall it is not.'

"But let us see how neatly Mr. T, varnishes over the unfortunate stain attached to the discontinuance of cash payments at the Bank, for their notes. If every bill and engage

ment is a contract to pay money, the two parties to the contract may be 'understood as agreeing, for the sake of a common and almost universal interest, to relax as to the literal interpretation of it, and as consenting that money should mean money's worth, ' and not the pieces of metal: and the parliament may be considered as interposing, in order to execute this common wish of the public.' But what does Mr. T. call money's worth? Is it land to produce the necessaries of life? No: Is it cloth to cover us from the cold? No: It is one note for another; a new one for an old one; and which, if of ten pounds amount, may be changed the next day, in the way of business, for two forged ones of five, or five forged ones of two, (for every body cannot run to the Bank on such occasions) then where is Mr. Thornton's money's worth?" p. 50-52.

XCIV. THE LIFE OF TOUSSAINT LOUVERTURE, Chief of the French Rebels in St. Domingo. To which are added, interesting Notes respecting several Persons who have acted dis

tinguished parts in St. Domingo. By M. DU BROCA. Translated from the French, 12mo. with a Portrait by

Holl.

the memoir be authentic, the

There of it must be a compound of hypocrisy and villany almost beyond example; whose ambition raised him to the pinnacle of authority, at the expence of every sacred and social obligation, and whose fall therefore leaves no room for pity.

Toussaint was born in 1743, about a league distant from the city of Cape Francois, in the north of St. Domingo. By birth a slave, his early life was spent in tending flocks. By his own genius and industry he learned to read and write, and was promoted to be his master's coachman. In the massacres of August, 1791, he took no part, but remained faithful to his owner till the insurrection grew more formidable, and he thought he could desert with safety. He then fled to the camp of Biassou, and was appointed his secretary: soon, however, he obtained military rank, and one of the first consequences was the treacherous destruction of his new master; and the following events of his life are described as a series only of crimes but as the memoir itself is very short, we shall confine our extracts to a single fact.

:

Among the numerous anecdotes which prove the perfidious policy of Toussaint, I shall give the following; which, although connected with a just cause, does not the less exhibit his profound hypocrisy. At the time of the affair of the 30th of Ventose, of which I have spoken in the course of this work, and which threatened to be fatal to General Laveaux; fortunately for him, Toussaint having resolved to sustain his interests, invited to his house the several officers who commanded at Gros Morne, Plaisance, Verettes, and other places, all Mulatto chiefs, and informed them in pretended confidence of the conspiracy against General Laveaux. He added, that he was prepared to march against him, and to bring him to trial for a design to reduce the Blacks to slavery, and deliver the colony to the English. The mulatto chiefs, who were connected with the conspiracy, and silently waited the event of the 30th of Ventose to declare themselves

openly, were enraptured with the disposition Toussaint displayed to them. They congratulated him on the part he was about to take, and endeavoured to excuse themselves for not having sooner opened their en

terprize to him. At that moment Toussaint, rising hastily from his seat, cried out Guards, seize these rebels! Soldiers, who were concealed in the adjoining apartment, rusheḍ in, and arrested the mulatto officers, who were thrown into prison at Morne Blanc and Petite Riviere. Negro of ficers of the army of Toussaint were appointed to their several commands." p. 74, 75.`.

As a contrast to the character of Toussaint we give the amiable portrait of a negro magistrate.

"Cæsar Telemaque, who is now nearly sixty years of age, is a native of Saint Pierre in the island of Martinique. He married a French woman at Paris about thirty-six years since, who is still living. He resided nearly forty-nine years in Paris, in the Rue du Sentier. His gentle manners, and the known benignity of his temper, induced his section, in the third year of the republic, to appoint him commissary of charitable benefactions. The zeal and patience with which he discharg ed the offices of that situation during that year, too famous in the revolu tion, will for ever render him dear to all his fellow citizens. The un fortunate were never received by him in that rude manner which converts a benefit into an injury; and, when the public means failed, he supplied them, as far as he could, from his own property.

"In the fourth year of the republic he departed for St. Domingo with Santonax; and on his arrival at that island was appointed treasurer at Port de Paix. But the situation which was most adapted to his humane heart was that which his friend Etienne Mentor obtained for him at the Cape, in pointing him out to the people as a man peculiarly fitted to exercise the paternal functions of a justice of peace.

"In this situation he merited and obtained the esteem and confidence of all good men. His name inspired respect: the negroes gloried in having him for a countryman, and the Europeans for a magistrate. With this character it is easy to judge what

was his courage, his solicitude, and his danger, during that horrible night when the town of Cape Francais was 'delivered to fire and sword by the execrable agents o. Toussaint!

"Worthy and amiable citizen! receive in this place the homage due from every feeling heart! Your virtues offer a recompence to humanity for the crimes of your nation: and history, in conveying to after times the bloody deeds of your countrymen in St. Domingo, will console the mind of the reader with thy great and noble actions!" p. 75, 76.

XCV. MULTUM IN PARVO. Fashionable Tours from London to the pleasant Parts of Lancashire, Yorkshire, Westmoreland, Cumberland, &c. c. and the northern Coast of Wales, as far as Holyhead. The whole embellished with from 3 to 400 engraved Sketches, taken on the Spot, and highly coloured, of the Towns, Villages, Mountains, Rivers, Lakes, Public Edifices, and Private Buildings, as they appear to the Traveller on the principal Roads, with a new Letterpress Description of each, and the Picturesque Scenery contiguous. 8vo.

IT

T is difficult to convey a fuller idea of this work than is given in the above title page, without the assistance of the plates, each of which contains a dozen or more sketches of towns, yillages, or country scats; but as a specimen of the information to be derived from the letter-press, which is very neat, but in a very small type, we give an extract from the outset of the tour to Holyhead, by the great north road, through IsJington, &c.

Islington, the first village we reach on this road, is situated upon the most elevated spot of land at this short distance from the metropolis; it was a town of the Saxons, and was called, at the conquest, Isendon or Isledon; it is exceedingly populous and extensive, and includes Upper and Lower Holloway, three sides of Newington Green, part of Kingsland, &c. &c. It hath a chalybeate water, which gained repute from being used by the late Princess Amelia; hath a licensed theatre, known by the name of Sadler's Wells, much frequented, where is exhibited that species of en

tertainment called burlettas and pantomines, with tumbling, dancing, &c. &c.; here also is a cut or canal prior in point of age, and superior in point of utility, to all the projects of the same sort that have been used in this country, as it conducts from Ware in Hertfordshire, to a great part of London, a constant and copious supply of the purest waters. The church at Islington was erected in the place of an old gothic structure that stood in 1503; and here was an ancient religious seminary, that was converted into a royal palace, used in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, now called Ca nonbury House, one of the towers of this still remains, as may be seen in the annexed plan. The reputed salubrity of the air here is said formerly to have attracted many city tradesmen and others, who had a propensity for country retirements; but the late wonderful encroachments of the town seem to have forced most of their description to more distant stations. Islington was at one time Addison's summer residence; Goldsmith also had lodgings here, as well as Ephraim Chambers, the author of the Encyclopedia, of which Dr. Rees is now giving a new edition to the public; here likewise the famous Daniel Defoe died in the year 1731. He was the author of Robinson Crusoe, and other popular publications. Near the way from hence, at what is called Jack Straw's castle, was a Roman camp.

"Highbury Terrace, Highbury Place, and Paradise Row, are fashionable ranges of dwellings, viewed from this road in the way to Highgate; and in the same passage are transicnt prospects of the splendid village of Hampstead, with the rich premises of Lord Mansfield and Lord Southampton, covering some small hills that lie together on the left. The principal dwellings that face the traveller in his partial view of Highgate, are those of the family of Walker, the Crutchfield's, Mendam's, Crom

*This sketch was made near Highbury Grove; the author considering that the best station for comprehending it, with the view of the church and the village; and that he thus rendered the best interest to the engrav

ing of the plan. The same discretion will be used through all that part of his work. The same direction will be continued to all other engravings of it; and under each title their distances from London are to be found.

bie's, and Slade's. There is a stone, in the form of a mile stone, near the beginning of the ascent to the lastnained village, that is marked Wittington's stone. It distinguishes the spot where, agreeably to ancient legend, the poor dejected Wittington was resting, when the Bow-bells were heard prophetically speaking his future bonour. Right of the road at entering Highgate are seats of the Cope's and Debaloo's, and near the road which leads from that village to' Hampstead are Lord Southampton's and Lord Mansfield's.

"Highgate is so called from its lofty situation, and a gate* erected here upwards of four hundred years since, to receive certain tolls for the Bishop of London, upon the great road being turned from its old track through dirty lanes by Hornsey, Colney Hatch, and Friar's Barnet to Whetstone, through that bishop's private park. Here is a chapel of ease to Hornsey and Pancras. Where this stands was formerly an hermitage; near which the chief Baron Cholmondeley endowed a school. Besides the genteel dwellings I noticed in my way hither, there are others of the Atherstone's, Ishawood's, Tippet's, Ranum's, Wagstaff's, Longman's, &c. &c. London and its suburbs, with the Kentish and Surry hills, form a picture to some of the views from hence that is strikingly interesting; there are other extensive prospects over Epping Forest, Blackheath, and the populous borders of the river Thames from Greenwich to Gravesend in the nearer views are the villages of Edmonton, Tottenham, Hornsey, and Muswell Hill; a beautiful villa of the Porker's is in the last named; and near Hornsey is the Grey's. The ridiculous ceremony of swearing the artless country travellers on their way to London, through this place, can only be attributed to the sordid usage of its former innkeepers: a pair of large horns are forced upon their heads; when they are taught to repeat a kind of mock oath: that they must never eat 'brown bread if they can get white, unless they like the brown best;'

* This piece of antiquity hath been taken down about twenty years; but, by a favour of Mr. Pricket, of this place, the author hath been enabled to introduce the likeness of it in the annexed plan.

of the whole.

"DEFINITION.

"Justification is the being accounted righteous before God.

"PROPOSITIONS.

"1. The consequence of our being justified at any time during the present life is, that we are admitted into a state of salvation. This, by some divines, is called our first justification.

"2. The consequence of our being justified at the last day will be, that we shall be saved, or made partakers of salvation. This, by some divines, is called our last or final justification.

"3. The sole meritorious cause of our being justified at any time, and of our being finally saved, is Jesus Christ.

"4. The conditions of our being at first justified, or of being admitted into a state of salvation, are repentance and faith.

“5. The conditions of our continuing

in a state of salvation, and of being finally saved, are faith and good

works.

6. The conditions of being restored to a state of salvation, after having fallen away from it, are the same as those, on which we are at first admitted into it, namely, repentance and faith.

7. The mean or instrument, by which we are at first admitted into a state of salvation, is the sacrament of baptism.

with a reference to the Norrisian Lectures, you say, We dare not suggest our doubts, whether all men may not be happy ultimately.' Hence also it might be concluded, that Dr. Hey entertains these doubts. Whether he does or not, I do not pretend to say. I contend, however, that this does not appear from his words, but rather that the contrary appears. His words are, 'It is owing to the moderation of our church, that we are not called upon to subscribe to the eternity of hell-tor'ments: nay, we are not required even to condemn those, who presume to affirm, that all men will be finally saved, though that was re

"I have no intention of entering into a minute examination of your work, nor of defending the particular writers, whom you have attacked, or whose attacks you have attempted to repel. I leave them to answer for themselves. Whatever may be your success in establishing your opinions by the publication of your book, your efforts to establish them must ever reflect great credit on your piety and diligence. In general also, I am not disposed to deny you the praise of candour. With respect to the last, however, and for the sake of those of your readers, who are likely to be influenced by the authority of the writers, whom you quote, I think it necessary to observe, that your representation of their sentiments is not always to be implicitly received. You have not, I think, so carefully guarded against the iniquity of quotation,' as you seem to have intended. I shall be content with giving an instance or two of this. In page 131, you say, Professor Hey sug'gests a doubt, whether the disorderly 'propensities of man were owing to Adam's transgression.' This, which,

"You will, I hope, pardon the liberty, which I have taken, in writing these few remarks. It is with unwillingness, that I give pain to any man, however different his opinions may be from mine. You and I, sir, do not, toto cœlo, differ; nor do we, as I flatter myself, differ in any points, which are essential to Christian love and union. What I have written may occasion you to view your work, respectable as it still is, and ever must be, with somewhat less complacency than you did when it went to the press; but, if you love truth as well as I do, of which I have no reason to doubt, you will thank me for endeavouring to bring you to a better acquaintance with her, though it should be at the expence of some diminution of your literary hopes." p. 33-38.

XCVII. A REPLY to such Parts of the Rev. J. Overton's Apology as concern the Publications of T. Lud lam, A. M.

Dr. Hey's work, gives the idea, that Dr. Hey himself entertains such a doubt. But Dr. Hey only says, 'I should rather think, that the inten⚫tion of the compilers was, to leave men a liberty of assenting, who 'should doubt, whether the disor'derly propensities of man were owing to Adam's transgression.' Norr. Lect, vol. iii. p. 152. Again, in p. 260,