EUROPE

DURING THE

MIDDLE AGES.

VOL. II.

LONDON:

PRINTED BY C. ROWORTH, BELL YARD,

TEMPLE BAR.

VIEW

15.1812.

OF THE

STATE OF EUROPE

DURING

THE MIDDLE AGES.

IN THREE VOLUMES.

BY HENRY HALLAM.

Εκ Χάεος δ' Ερεβός τε μέλαινά τε Νὺξ ἐγένοντο
Νυκτός δ' αυτ' Αιθήρ τε καὶ Ἡμέρη ἐξεγένοντο.

ΗΣΙΟΔΟΣ.

FOURTH EDITION.

REVISED AND CORRECTED.

VOL. II.

LONDON:

JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.

MDCCCXXVI.

35X0 3

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER IV.

THE HISTORY OF SPAIN TO THE CONQUEST OF GRANADA.

Kingdom of the Visigoths-Conquest of Spain by the

Moors-Gradual Revival of the Spanish Nation-King-

doms of Leon, Aragon, Navarre and Castile, succes-

sively formed-Chartered Towns of Castile-Military

Orders-Conquests of Ferdinand III. and James of Ara-

gon-Causes of the delay in expelling the Moors-His-

tory of Castile continued-Character of the Government

-Peter the Cruel-House of Trastamare—John II.—

Henry IV.--Constitution of Castile-National Assem-

blies or Cortes-their constituent Parts-Right of Taxa-

tion-Legislation-Privy Council of Castile-Laws for

the Protection of Liberty-Imperfections of the Consti-

tution-Aragon-its History in the fourteenth and fif-

teenth Centuries-disputed Succession-Constitution of

Aragon-free Spirit of its Aristocracy- Privilege of

Union-Powers of the Justiza-Legal Securities-Illus-

trations-other Constitutional Laws-Valencia and Ca-

talonia-Union of two Crowns by the Marriage of Fer-

dinand and Isabella-Conquest of Granada

CHAPTER V.

page 1

HISTORY OF GERMANY TO THE DIET OF WORMS IN 1495.

Sketch of German History under the Emperors of the

House of Saxony-House of Franconia--Henry IV.-