QUALIFICATIONS of a representative in Congress shall be 25 years
of age, seven years a citizen of the United States, and
when elected an inhabitant of the State he represents...
States cannot superadd qualifications, n. 19.~ Precedents
in regard to them, Id.

QUALIFICATIONS of a senator in Congress shall be 30 years of age,
nine years a citizen of the United States, and when elected
an inhabitant of the State he represents..

QUALIFICATIONS to office. The senators and representatives be-
fore mentioned, and the members of the several State
legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of
the United States and of the several States, shall be bound
by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution; but
no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to
any office or public trust under the United States..
See notes 242, 245.

QUALIFICATIONS of delegates in the reconstruction conventions,
n. 276, p. 283, § 5.
QUALIFICATIONS for electors of representatives in Congress the
same as for electors of the most numerous branch of the
State legislature.

QUALIFICATIONS or its own members. Each house of Congress
shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and qualifi-
cations of its own members...

Qualifications of senators and representatives discussed
and criticised, n. 46. The issues between the President
and Congress, upon the subject, n. 46. Of voters defined,
n. 16, p. 59. In every State of the Union alphabetically
arranged n. 17, pp. 60-65. Citizenship not necessary, n. 18,
p. 65. Of voters on the reconstruction laws, n. 276, p. 283,
$5. Supplementary act, p. 287, § 6.

QUALIFICATIONS of President United States. No person except a
natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at
the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eli-
gible to the office of President; neither shall any person
be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the
age of 35 years, and been fourteen years a resident within
the United States...

.

(See President, n. 169.)

QUALIFICATIONS of Vice-President the same as that of President
of the United States. Amendments..
QUARTERED. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in
any house without the consent of the owner; nor in time
of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. Amend-
ments..

Quartered defined, n. 250, p. 257. The owner defined,
Id. The Declaration of Independence upon, p. 4.
QUESTION. The yeas and nays of the members of either house
on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those
present, be entered on the journal....
QUESTION. On the question of adjournment of the two houses, the
approbation of the President is not necessary
QUESTIONED. For any speech or debate in either house, they
shall not be questioned in any other place....
Transferred from Articles of Confederation, Art. V. p. 11.
QUESTIONED. The validity of the public debt of the United
States, &c., &c., shall not be questioned. Amendments...
(See Public Debt.)

QUORUM. A majority of each house shall constitute a quorum to
do business, but a smaller number may adjourn from day
to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of
absent members, in such manner, and under such penal-
ties as each house may provide

QUORUM of the House of Representatives. A quorum (for the
election of President by the House of Representatives)
shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of
the States, and a majority of all the States shall be neces-
sary to a choice. Amendments..

QUORUM of the Senate. A quorum (for the election of Vice-
President by the Senate) shall consist of two-thirds of
the whole number of senators, and a majority of the
whole number shall be necessary to a choice.
ments...

Amend-

RATIFICATION. The ratifications of the conventions of nine States
shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitu-
tion between the States so ratifying the same....
Ratification defined, n. 242. The dates by the respect-
ive States, n. 252, p. 253. Of the Constitutions of the
rebel States by a majority of registered voters, n. 276,
p. 285.
Read, George, of Randolph, Delaware. Signed the Declaration
of Independence, p. 7.

REBEL STATES. The grounds of excluding their delegations from
Congress, n. 46. Act to provide for the government of,
n. 276, p. 282 (Caption). Divided into military districts,
Id. § 2. When the people of, shall have formed constitu-
tions, n. 274, p. 283, § 5. The governments of, deemed pro-
visional, Id. § 6. Supplementary act in relation to, n. 274,
p. 283.
Explanatory section, Id. § 1. Registration of
voters in, Id. All elections in, to be by ballot, p. 286,
§ 1. Relative to the rebel States, n. 284, p. 286, Preamble.
Their governments were subject to military authority,
n. 284, p. 286, § 1. Power to remove officers of their govern-
ments, Id. § 2, p. 287, § 3, 4, p. 288, § 8. Duties of the
boards of registration in the, explained, n. 287, § 5. The
disqualification as to voters in, explained, Id. § 6. All the
acts interpreted liberally, Id. § 11. Appropriations for,
p. 288. The objects of the acts explained, notes 277–285.

The status of their inhabitants during the rebellion, notes
46, 117, 118. Their Confederacy was not a de facto govern-
ment, notes 211, 212, 215. The examples in history, n. 235.
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Mis-
sissippi, Alabama, Louisiana, Florida, Texas, and Árkan-
sas, declared to be rebel States, n. 276, pp. 282, 286.
Divided into military districts, n. 276, p. 282, § 1.
The President to assign commanders to the districts,
Id. 3. The duty of the commanders to protect persons
and property, to suppress insurrections, &c., Id. § 3.
Persons under military arrest to be tried without
delay, Id. § 4. How the people are to frame and ratify
their Constitutions, Id. p. 283, § 5. To ratify the four-
teenth constitutional amendment, Id. The exclusion
from the polls and from office, Id. § 5, 6. The govern-
ments all, declared provisional, Id. § 6. The first supple-
mentary act in regard to the rebel States, n. 276, p. 283,
$1. The oath of the voters, Id. p. 284. When and by whose
orders the elections to be held, Id. § 2. To vote for or
against a convention, Id. § 3. The boards of registration
appointed and subsequent action, n. 276, p. 285, § 4. What 14
vote requisite to the ratification of the Constitution, Id.

$ 5.
Expenses, how paid, p. 276, § 7, 8. "Article" con-
strued to mean section, Id. § 9. Second supplementary 14
act in regard to the rebel States, n. 276, p. 286. Explana-
tory as to the legality of their governments, Id. § 1. The
power of the commanders to remove or suspend from
office, Id. § 2. The general of the armies invested with
full power, n. 276, p. 287, § 3. Confirmation and further
powers of removal, Id. § 4. Powers of the boards of
registration in ascertaining qualifications, p. 287, § 5. Ex-
planatory as to disqualifications, Id. § 6. Time for regis-
tration extended, p. 288, § 7. The commanding general
may change the boards, Id. § 8. Oath of the boards, § 9.
Not bound by the opinions of civil officers, Id. § 10. The
acts to be construed liberally, Id. § 11. Appropriations for
expenses, n. 276, p. 288, § 1. The registered voters under

7

41, 252

19 2

30, 140

197

31, 151

2

these acts, n. 278. Compared with the vote of 1860, Id.
The action of the conventions, Id. p. 29. (See Rebellion,
Reconstruction.)
REBELLION. The effects of, upon the States and the people.
Pref. p. xiii. How it affects the qualifications of senators
and members of Congress, n. 46. During the, it was a
state of war, n. 117. Is a civil war, Id. The cotton cap-
tured during the, was lawful prize, n. 118, p. 129. The
army at the close of, was one million of men, n. 124.
Synonymous with insurrection, n. 132, p. 135. The militia
called forth to suppress it, n. 135. The effects of the
President's pardon of, n. 174, p. 174. History of some of
the States in regard to, n. 255. Results of, as to slavery
and reconstruction, notes 274–286.

REBELLION. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not
be suspended, unless when, in cases of rebellion or
invasion, the public safety may require it.

(See Privilege, n. 140; Habeas Corpus, n. 141.) Sus-
pended during the rebellion of the Southern States,
n. 141, p. 143, § 1. The Proclamation suspending, n. 141,
pp. 143, 144. (See Writ, notes 140, 141.)

REBELLION. The debts incurred for payment of pensions and
bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebel-
lion, shall not be questioned....

But neither the United States nor any State shall assume
or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrec-
tion or rebellion...

Remarks upon this section, n. 282. The amount of the
Confederate debt, n. 282. Oath that he has not been dis-
franchised for participation in any rebellion, n. 276, p. 284.
When the right to vote is denied except for participation
in the rebellion, Art. XIV. § 2, note thereon, n. 281.
REBELS. The effect of the President's pardon of, n. 174, p. 174.
RECEIPTS and expenditures. A regular statement and account of
the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be
published from time to time..

RECESS of the Senate. The President shall have power to fill up
all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the
Senate, by granting commissions, which shall expire at the
end of their next session.

This power controlled by the tenure of office law, n. 284,
p. 180, § 5. The Constitution explained, n. 185.

RECOMMEND to Congress. The President shall from time to time
recommend to the consideration of Congress such mea-
sures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.......
RECONSIDERED. Bills returned with objections by the President
of the United States to be reconsidered by the two
houses of Congress, and if approved by two-thirds of
both houses, shall become a law

RECONSIDERED. Any order, resolution, or vote, returned with ob-
jections by the President, may be reconsidered, and rẻ-
passed by two-thirds of both houses.

RECONSTRUCTION. The effect of the acts upon the independent
power of the houses, n. 46. The President's vetoes of
what are called the reconstruction acts, n. 67. The efforts
to impeach the President for his course in regard to, n. 194.
Summary as to that course, n. 94. His intimation as to
his right to resist, n. 239. The several acts commonly
called the reconstruction laws, n. 276. The failure of
the court to take jurisdiction of the subject, n. 276.
p. 281. The terms imposed by President Johnson as con-
ditions of, n. 276, p. 281. The purpose to establish loyal
and State governments, n. 276, p. 282. The terms of res-
toration, n. 276, p. 283, § 5.
§ 5. Until then they are pro-
visional governments, Id. § 6. Mode of registration and
practice, Id. p. 284. § 1-9. The local governments placed
subject to the military commanders, n. 276, p. 286. The
President's opposition to those laws, n. 284. (See Rebel
Stutes, n. 276.)

RECORDS. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the
public acts, records, and judicial proceedings, of every
other State; and the Congress may, by general laws, pre-
scribe the manner in which such acts, records, and pro-
ceedings, shall be proved, and the effect thereof

Records defined, n. 218, p. 213. Act of Congress for
proving judicial records, n. 219, § 1. For proving records
not judicial, n. 219, p. 221, § 1. Civil law deeds, how
proved, Id. The act extended to the Territories, n. 219,
p. 222. § 2.
REDRESS of grievances. Congress shall make no law abridging
the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to
petition the governinent for a redress of grievances.
Amendments..

(See Grievances.)

REED, JOSEPH, of Pennsylvania. Signed Articles of Confederation,
p. 21.

REGULATE TO coin money and regulate the value thereof, and of
foreign coin

See a history of the regulations, n. 99. To fix is to
regulate, n. 100.

REGULATION. No person held to service or labor, escaping into
another State, shall, in consequence of any law or regu-
lation of such State, be discharged from such service or
labor...

(See Fugitives, &c., notes 223-228.)
REGULATIONS. If a prisoner be held by any, habeas corpus sus-

pended as to, n. 141, p. 143.

REGULATIONS for the election of senators and representatives.
(See Senators.).............

REGULATIONS. The Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdic-
tion in certain cases, both as to law and fact, with such
exceptions, and under such regulations as the Congress
shall make
REGULATIONS. The Congress shall have power to dispose of, and
make, all needful rules and regulations respecting the ter-
ritory and other property belonging to the United States.
Regulations of the post-office department, n. 106.
RELIGION. Congress shall make no law respecting an establish-
ment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.
Amendments.

Religion defined, n. 245. The object, Id. No restraint
on the States, n. 245, p. 255. All sects tolerated, Id. The
Christian, is not a part of the common law, Id.

RELIGION. Against all force or attacks made against the States on
account of religion, sovereignty, trade, or any other pre-
tence, Confed. Art. III. p. 9.

RELIGIOUS test. No religious test shall ever be required as a
qualification to any office or public trust under the United
States...

In the sense of, 25 Stat. Charles II. n. 242, p. 251
REMEDY. Laws which only affect the, do not impair contracts,
n. 161. But the validity and remedy may be inseparable,
n. 157 p. 156.

REMOVAL. The commanding generals of military districts may
remove State officers in the rebel States, n. 276, p. 286,
§ 2. The commanding general may remove when, Id. p. 287,
3. Removals approved and authorized, Id. § 4.

REMOVAL. Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend
further than to removal from office, and disqualification to
hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit, under
the United States

Doubtful if it can be less, n. 40. Touches neither per-
son nor property, n. 40.

REMOVAL. In case of the removal of the President from office, it

REMOVAL. In case of removal, both of the President and Vice-
President, the Congress may by law provide, declaring
what officer shall then act as President

The act of Congress providing for the case, n. 172, § 8, 9.
REMOVED from office. All civil officers of the United States shall
be removed from office on impeachment for, and convic-
tion of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misde-

meanors..

(See Civil Officers, n. 191; Crimes-Misdemeanors-
Impeachment, notes 192-194.)

REPRESENTATION.

When vacancies happen in the representation
from any State, the executive thereof shall issue writs of
election to fill them

Full note upon this subject, n. 25.
REPRESENTATION.

When the rebel States shall be entitled to,

n. 276, p. 282, § 5. Until so entitled all civil governments
to be considered provisional, Id. § 6. (See Rebel States.)

.

REPRESENTATION. But when the right to vote shall be denied to
any class, &c., the basis of representation shall be reduced
in proportion, &c.

Note upon this section, n. 281.

REPRESENTATIVE. No person shall be a representative unless
25 years old, been seven years a citizen of the United
States, and, when elected, an inhabitant of the same State.
(See Qualifications, n. 46.)

REPRESENTATIVE numbers include all free persons, those bound to
service for a term of years, Indians taxed, and three-fifths
of all other persons (slaves), all to be enumerated every
ten years, &c..

(See Amendments, Art. 14, § 2, p. 279.)

REPRESENTATIVE. No senator or shall, during the time for
which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office
under the authority of the United States, which shall
have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have
been increased during such time: and no person holding
any office under the United States shall be a member of
either house during his continuance in office..
(See Ofice.)

REPRESENTATIVE. No representative shall be appointed an elec-
tor of President or Vice-President of the United States..
REPRESENTATIVES. No person shall be a senator or repre-
sentative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice-
President, or hold any office, civil or military, under
the United States, or under any State, who, having
previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as
any officer of the United States, or as a member of any
State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of
any State, to support the Constitution of the United
States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion
against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies
thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of
each house, remove such disability

Comments upon this section, notes 276, 281.
REPRESENTATIVES. Congress shall consist of a Senate and House
of representatives.

REPRESENTATIVES. Members of the House of Representatives to
be chosen every second year by the people..

REPRESENTATIVES in Congress. Qualifications of electors of
representatives in Congress the same as for electors of
the most numerous branch of the State legislature.
REPRESENTATIVES and direct taxes to be apportioned among the
States according to their respective numbers..
REPRESENTATIVES shall not exceed one for every 30,000, but each
State shall have at least one representative.
REPRESENTATIVES allowed in first Congress for each of the thir-
teen States

For each of the thirty-three States, by the census of 1860,
n. 24, pp. 68, 69.