much greater than a stranger would be led to expect from the appearance of the soil. Their land is so easily cultivated, that there are few parts of the state in which more is produced to the man or the horse, though more may be produced to the acre. On their best farms, they often get an hundred barrels to the hand. The fig and the pomegranate grow here, without protection during the winter. The former attains the size of a stout tree, sometimes twenty feet high, and its delicious fruit is in greater abundance than the inhabitants can consume-they not having learnt the art of curing it, or perhaps the species they have is not suited to that operation. Chesapeak, and which comprehends eight | sea, that the product of those lands is so counties in Maryland, and two in Virginia. Separated as these counties are from the rest of the state, by the spacious bay, which the eye can scarcely see across, and being among the first settled parts of the colony, they are a more unmixed people than is often to be found in our country, and retain more of the usages, and even language, of former times than perhaps any part of the state. The antient hospitality of Virginia is here found unimpaired; and the inhabitants have a high relish for good living, which they are also enabled to indulge by a soil and climate extremely favorable to gardening, and by an abundance of excellent fish, oysters and crabs. They have great neatness in their houses and persons, which I have always observed to be a characteristic of persons living in a sandy country. The whole county is as level as a bowling-green, and the roads are good at all seasons of the year. This circumstance has probably increased the social character" bay, and the sea side," and while they and habits of the people, as it certainly has their pleasure carriages. I was assured by a commissioner of the revenue that the number of the gigs in the county is near three hundred, which is considerably greater than that of the freeholders. I saw about a hundred, at a monthly court, and most of them were made in Philadelphia, and were very handsome. It is computed that the county pays about ten thousand dollars a year for its carriages. The soil of this county is thin, light and always more or less mixed with sand, but as it commonly rests on a stiff clay, and the land is too level to be carried off by the rains, or "to wash," as we of the upper country say, the inhabitants are very much encouraged to pursue a meliorating course of husbandry, yet in truth they are but indifferent farmers. They cultivate the same land incessantly-one year in Indian corn, and the next in oats (their two principal crops;) and they assured me that their lands improved under this severe process, provided they were not also pastured. Whenever a field is not in cultivation, it puts up every where a rich luxuriant crop of a sort of wild vetch, called the magotty-bay bean, which shades the land while it is growing, and, returns to it a rich coat of vegetable manure. It is to this fertilizing plant, and the aliment which is plenteously furnished by the vapours from the Wind mills are in use here, but tide mills, at the mouths of small inlets, are preferred, when attainable. I saw one small grist mill turned by water from a pond. These inlets deeply indent the shore both on the are convenient for fishing, shooting wild fowl, and as harbours for their boats and small craft, they make a pleasing variety to their landscapes, which are indeed as pretty as is compitable with so unvarying a surface. Upon the whole I know of no part of the state in which the comforts of life are enjoyed in greater number or perfection. They have too the sea and land breezes of the West Indies, which temper the sultry heats of summer; and their only annoyances seem to be a few musquetos, a good many gnats, and now and then a bilious, or an intermittent, fever. I found here a new article of culture. It is the palma chrysti, called by them, castor bean. It now constitutes a part of almost every farmer's crop, to the extent of eight or ten acres or more. The quantity of the nut or bean produced is the same as the land would produce in corn. Each bushel yields about two gallons and a half of oil and sells, at the press, for one dollar and twenty cents a bushel. This plant is now cultivated in many of the counties on the western shore, and the oil it affords has become a considerable article of export, it being preferred to that of the West Indies. Among the curiosities of this county are the antient records of the county, from 1640, which I regretted I had not more time to inspect, and a marble tomb or sarcophagus, about five feet high, and as many long, from which I transcribed the follow- | hannesberg, a hill more celebrated than ing singular inscription. Under this marble tomb lies the body Formerly of Hungar's Parish on the Eastern shore of Virginia and county of Northampton aged 71 years and yet lived but seven years which was the space of time he kept a bachelor's home at Arlington on the castern shore of Virginia." On the opposite side one reads: any other in Germany among the students and the epicures of this country. It furnishes a favorite image to their poets, conveying the idea of the ne plus ultra of enjoyment in relation to one of the senses. This hill belonged for several years to Marshal Kellerman who received it as a present from Napoleon. At the termination of the war of 1815, it fell into the possession of the Emperor Francis, who gave it to Prince Metternich, as a reward for his diplomatic services. It still belongs to the Prince, who visits his seat every year. This wine sells on the spot for ten francs, almost two dollars per bottle, though not a small part of it is disposed of in presents to this or that ruler, who has embraced the views of this director of the "Wm. Cosley Mann in Fenchurch Street, Lon- Holy Alliance. The land of this region is don, fecit." The writer was so intent on perpetuating the memory of his domestic troubles that he has not mentioned the time of his birth, nor did those who came after him supply the omission, or state the time of his death; but it probably occurred early in the last century. But my paper warns me to conclude, and to subscribe myself, A CORREPONDENT. INFLUENCE OF SOIL ON THE VINE. Mr. Henry E. Dwight, in an interesting work, recently published which is extremely worthy of perusal, has afforded an additional fact, to the many already known, of the extraordinary influence of soil on the produce of the vine-an influence which is generally not sufficiently regarded when we judge of the wine-making capabilities of different regions: speaking of the Rheingau a tract of land of about fifteen miles in length by five or six in breadth, lying on the right bank of the Rhine, he remarks: "The region produces the finest wine, and the land bears a higher price than any other on this stream, some of it selling for ten thousand francs per acre. Within this small tract between forty and fifty kinds of wine are made. Near Geisenheim, is Jo * Travels in the north of Germany, in the years 1825 and 1826, by Henry E. Dwight A.M, New York, 1829. 8vo. pp. 450. valued, not for its fertility but for the peand for its greater or less exposure to the culiar species of grape which it produces, sun. Parts of the same hill will sell for fifteen or eighteen hundred dollars the acre, while the remainder will bring but one or two hundred, the wine which it yields being so much inferior. The soil changes so suddenly that often in the distance of fifty feet, the land increases in value more than tenfold." P. 15. The fact is, that if the vine, which produces the celebrated Hochheimer or Hoch wiue in the small district of Hochheim, be transplanted to the banks of the Moselle, it will produce, instead of Hoch, Moselle wine; on the banks of the Rhine it will afford Rhenish; in Portugal, Bucellas:and, if cultivated at the Cape of Good Hope, the product will be the earthy-tasted Cape., CAUSES OF ENDEMIC DISEASE. In confirmation of the difficulties experienced in detecting the causes of endemic disease (see page 33) or discovering the precise shades of locality which occasionally give rise to it, we may remark-that the beautiful and elevated coast of Long Island in the neighbourhood of the Narrows, which enbreeze, was last year so subject to interjoys the constant and invigorating sea mittent and remittent fever that hardly a Yet scarcely a case of intermittent had ocfamily or member of a family escaped. curred in that salubrious region for, we be lieve, upwards of forty years. For the pro-, will likewise afford specimens of his RD. PRICES OF PROVISIONS IN GREAT BRITAIN IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY. In the year 1425, cows were valued at 3 dollars each. In 1434, in a bad season:-Wheat was sold as high as 11 dollars per quarter. It soon fell, however, to 2 dollars, which seems to have been, pretty nearly, its medium price. The price of wine, but we know not of what quality, was about forty four cents the gallon. About this time it "With the exception of the south eastern Salt water has been procured on the Great His account of Charlottesville, or as "Charlotteville, seat of justice of Albeappears, says Bishop Fleetwood, that a cler-marle county, Virginia, seated on the Rigyman might be supported with decency vanna River 86 miles north-west from for forty five dollars per annum. Richmond, at N. Lat. 38°. 03' and 1°, 28' W. has become a place of great interest from the location there, in 1825, [in 1819] of the University of Virginia. It is also a place of considerable commercial importance." In 1444, provisions sold thus: Wheat, per quarter, about one dollar and ninety cents: a fat ox about fourteen dollars; a hog about one dollar and thirty three cents; a goose, 12 cents and pigeons about fifteen cents per dozen. Mr. Darby, we trust, had a better In 1449, hay sold at one dollar and fif-knowledge of other states than he has ty six cents per load; a swan, one dollar exhibited of ours: in a work on such a thirty three cents; a goose, 12 cents; three thousand red herrings, about fourteen subject, however, we are apt to form a judg.nent of the whole by a part. dollars. SONNET. And shall a life of drooping sloth be mine, Of scornful beauty shall my tears still flow Until the flush of rage, shame's crimson glow D.C.T. UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE. Course of instruction &c. in this University.- struction as well as discipline are, in some respects, singular; they were adopted, in the first instance, after serious and competent deliberation and have been strengthened by subsequent experience. These peculiarities we shall from time to time, lay before the reader. At present we propose to refer to the course of study in the various schools, in order that they, who are par- | ticularly interested in this subject at the commencement of a session, may derive every necessary information. We may premise, that every student is permitted to enter the schools of his choice; but, if he be under the age of twenty one years, he is required to attend at least three Professors or two Professors and the Demonstrator of Anatomy and Surgery, unless, when he matriculates, his parent or guardian shall have prescribed, in writing, the schools which he is required to attend, or unless the Faculty, for good cause shewn, shall allow him to attend less than three: and, that each student is allowed to graduate, on exhibiting the necessary qualifications, in any one of the schools: the title being simply "graduate of the particular school, except in that of Medicine where the degree of M.D. is conferred, The following is a list of those who have already graduated in the various departments. GRADUATES IN 1828. In Greek. Gessner Harrison, of Rockingham County. Henry Tutwiler of do do Robert M. T. Hunter of Essex. In Mathematics. Henry Tutwiler of Rockingham. In Chemistry. Henry Clagett of Loudon. In Medicine, were admitted to the degree of "doctor." Gessner Harrison, Rockingham. Thos. J. White, Franklin County, Kentucky, now of Florida. George W. Mc Culloch, Albemarle. GRADUATES IN 1829. In Latin. Richard Parker of Norfolk Va. In Greek. George Hay Lee of Winchester Va. Richard Parker of Norfolk. Alexander Moseley, Buckingham. In Chemistry. Robert M. Saunders of Henrico. In Moral Philosophy. Henry Tutwiler of Rockingham. John D. Munford Richmond City. Henry Tutwiler of Rockingham. In Medicine were admitted to the degree of "Doctor." Lilburn P. Perry, Albemarle. William H. Newsum, Tennessee. In Law, were declared graduates, In the next number we shall give the course of instruction pursued in the School of Antient Languages. Diploma.-A Diploma is in course of preparation for the graduates in the various departments of the University. Due notice will be given to those who have entitled themselves to it, when, it is ready for delivery. Expenses of this University-Very erroneous opinions have been entertained reThe advertisement of the Proctor estimates garding the expenses of this University. them at not more than two hundred and eighteen dollars for a session of upwards of ten months. On this advertisement, the "New England Galaxy"-a Boston paper of considerable merit; has the following remarks: "The last number of the Virginia Literary Museum gives the following statement of the expenses of a student at that University. Education is certainly cheap enough there, and we have no reason to doubt that the institution possesses the means of giving various and thorough instruction." Authors and Publishers, desirous of having works noticed in the Museum, must transmit them free of expense, to the Editors at the University. MARRIED On the 2d inst. WM. WERTENBAKER, Esq., assistant Proctor and Librarian of this University, to Miss LOUISIANA, daughter of LEWIS TIMBER LAKE. PUBLISHED BY F. CARR. University Press.-JAMES ALEXANDER, Printer. AND JOURNAL OF BELLES LETTRES, ARTS, &c. Published every Wednesday.-Terms, five dollars per annum, to be paid in advance. "POSCENTES VARIO MULTUM DIVERSA PALATO."-Hor. Lib. ii. Ep. 2. No. 15.-VOL. 1. UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA. SEPT. 23, 1829. ORIGINAL DRAUGHT OF THE CON-, ers who had resided one year in the counSTITUTION OF VIRGINIA. ty, and had been the father of three children in the county. We take great pleasure in laying before our readers a copy of the original draught of our present constitution, not only because every thing connected with the history of that instrument is peculiarly interesting at this moment, but also because the printed report of the constitution from which the subjoined draught is taken, is, perhaps, the only copy extant. The report is dated June 24, 1776. It will be perceived to differ from the constitution, actually adopted, in many important particulars; some of which it may not be amiss to notice: thus, By the eighth, three members of the Privy Council are sufficient to act, and the Governor is made the President of the Council. By the ninth, the appointment of the Militia officers is given to the Executive, without requiring the recommendation of the county courts. By the tenth, The Attorney General and Treasurer are made eligible to the General Assembly, and ministers of the gospel are uot mentioned among the persons excluded. By the eleventh, the appointment of the In the first article there is no exception Justices of the Peace is given to the Exeto the separation of the three great depart-cutive, without requiring the recommendaments of the government, in favor of the tion of the county courts. county court magistrates, as in the present constitution. By the third, the two houses of Assembly are styled the " Upper" and the "Lower House," instead of the Senate and House of Delegates. No one was eligible "to the Lower House," who was not twenty four years of age, and who had not a landed estate of at least one thousand pounds. By the fourth, the members of the "Upper House" are elected not immediately by the people, but by the intervention of "deputies, or sub-electors," of which each county was to choose twelve, having, a landed estate of five hundred pounds. The members of the Upper House so chosen, are required to possess a landed estate of two thousand pounds, and to be twenty eight years of age. By the fifth, the right of suffrage was extended to leaseholders, having an unexpir It thus appears that the Constitution, as reported by the committee, was free from three of the objections which have been most frequently and vehemently urged against that instrument, in its present form: we mean, the very narrow restriction of the right of suffrage; the union of Legislative, Executive and Judiciary powers in the county courts; and the utter insignificance of the Governor, in the decisions of the Executive. This interesting document is as follows: A PLAN OF GOVENMENT Laid before the Committee of the House which they have ordered to be printed for the perusal of the members. 1. Let the legislative, executive and judiciative departments be separate and distinct, so that neither exercise the powers properly belonging to the other. 2. Let the legislative be formed of two ed term of seven years; and to housekeep-distinct branches, who togerher, shall be a |