for college in the adjoining towns, entering Harvard College in 1829, and graduating in 1833 with the degree of A.B. After graduating from college he taught school in Gloucester and Billerica, Mass., and Hallowell, Maine. In 1838 he began the study of law with Hon. Samuel Wells of Hallowell, and in 1839 entered the Harvard Law School at Cambridge, graduating in 1841, with the degree of LL.B. He was a lawyer by occupation, and a dealer in books and engravings, and also was secretary and treasurer of the Harvard Fire Insurance Company. On October 3, 1844, he married Harriet Maria Kimball, of Lowell, Three sons were born to them. Their home was in Lowell, at which place Mr. Parker died on January 29, 1857.

Arthur Graham Robbins, son of George Heald and Mary Heald Robbins, was born in Carlisle, July 11, 1862. He attended the public schools in Carlisle, and graduated from the Westford, Mass., Academy in the class of 1882. He entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1882 and graduated in 1886, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Science in civil engineering. Since the latter date he has been a member of the instructing staff of the civil engineering department of the Institute as follows: Assistant and instructor, 1886-96; assistant professor, 1896-1906; associate professor, 1906-09; Professor of topographical engineering, 1909. Mr. Robbins was married January 19, 1899, to Sara A. Andrews, of Bridgewater, Mass. They have two children, one son, James M., and one daughter, Helen C., and live now (1920) in Belmont, Mass.

Frank Fletcher Carr, son of Joseph Fletcher and Mary Emeline Pierce Carr, was born in Carlisle, August 18, 1869, attended the public schools in Concord, Mass., and graduated from the Concord High School in 1886. He entered Williams College, graduating in 1890, with

the degree of A.B. He graduated from Harvard Medical School, in 1893, with the degree of M.D., and has since been a practicing physician. During his college course Mr. Carr was a noted athlete. He won the intercollegiate championship in the mile run in 1891, receiving a gold medal. He belonged to the Manhattan Athletic Club of New York City, and competed in many athletic games in all parts of the country.

Walter Albert Carr, son of Joseph Fletcher and Mary Emeline Pierce Carr, was born in Carlisle, January 1, 1875, attended the public schools in Concord, Mass., and graduated from the Concord High School in 1894. He entered Williams College and graduated in 1898 with the degree of A.B. He graduated from Boston University Law School in 1901 and subsequently practiced law; later, because of ill health, he gave his attention to agriculture.

Wilbur Irving Bull, son of John Everett and Susan M. Bull, was born in Carlisle, February 3, 1888. He attended the Billerica, Mass., public schools, graduated from the Billerica Howe High School in 1904, and attended the Lowell High one year, graduating in 1905. He entered Dartmouth College in the fall of 1905, and graduated in 1909, receiving the degree of A.B. In the fall of 1909 he entered the Hartford Theological Seminary, graduating in 1912 with the degree of B.D., and the following year took the seminary post graduate course. Since his graduation from the Theological Seminary he has been pastor of the Congregational Church in Ashland, Maine. Mr. Bull was married September 22, 1915, to Marion L. Randall, of Norwich, Conn., she died January 1, 1916; he was married June 17, 1919, to Anna E. Coffin, of Ashland, Maine.

Fred Parker Nickles, son of Asa Parker and Mary Ellen Nickles, was born in Carlisle, April 22, 1889. He

attended the public schools in Billerica, Mass., entered the Billerica Howe High School in 1902 and graduated in 1906. He entered Massachusetts Agricultural College in 1906 and graduated in 1910. The following fall and winter he tested milk for advanced registry in the employ of the Massachusetts Experiment Station. During January, 1912, he took passage for the Philippines, in the employ of the Bureau of Agriculture of the Philippine Islands, and after more than two years' service there, came home on leave of absence, sailing from Manila, July 28, 1914, and resigned his position October 31, 1914. Mr. Nickles was married April 17, 1919, to Dorothy Colman Little, and is now (1920) engaged in agriculture on the ancestral estate in the easterly part of Carlisle.

Leslie Augustus Bull, son of Sidney A. and Luella M. Bull, was born in Carlisle, August 24, 1888. He attended the public schools in Billerica, Mass., and Los Angeles, California, and entered the Lowell, Mass., High School in 1902, graduating in 1906. He entered Dartmouth College in 1906 and graduated in 1910, with the degree of A.B. In 1910 he entered the Yale Forestry School, receiving instruction in Connecticut, Pennsylvania and Arkansas, graduating in 1912. He was married June 18, 1914, to Garaphelia Howard of Hot Springs, Arkansas, and is now (1920) engaged in agriculture in Lexington, Mass. They have two sons, Paul Leslie, born March 30, 1915, and Sidney Howard, born June 6, 1920.

Leila Sawyer Bull, daughter of Sidney A. and Luella M. Bull, was born in Carlisle, November 1, 1890, and attended the public schools in Billerica, Mass., and Los Angeles, California; also the Howe High in Billerica for three terms. She entered the Mt. Ida Young Ladies' Boarding School in 1906, and graduated, receiving her diploma in 1908, and post graduated in 1909. She then entered Lowell High in the fall of 1909 and graduated

in 1911. Miss Bull then studied vocal music at the Mt. Allison College, in Sackville, New Brunswick, one year, and entered the New England Conservatory of Music in 1913, taking the vocal course, and graduating in 1918. For the two years since graduating Miss Bull has been a member of the faculty of Stanstead College, Stanstead, Quebec, instructing in voice culture and piano.

Albert Sidney Bull, son of Sidney A. and Luella M. Bull, was born in Carlisle, January 12, 1892, and attended the public schools in Billerica, Mass., and Los Angeles, California, also the Howe High School in Billerica, for three years. He entered the Lowell High in 1909, graduating in 1911. He entered Dartmouth College in 1911, graduating in 1915, with the degree of A.B., and won his “D” in athletic contests. He is now (1920) a merchant in Billerica, and also conducts a fire insurance agency; for several years has held the office of town clerk.

During the World War Mr. Bull enlisted July 15, 1918, for naval aviation service, and served at the instruction camp at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Mass., until November 14, same year, when he was discharged because of the close of the

war.

CHAPTER XXIV

SURVEY OF COMMON

Ar an adjourned meeting of the members of the First Parish Church held in the meeting-house May 17, 1852, action on Art. IV of the warrant was as follows: "Chose B. F. Heald, Thomas Green, William Wilkins, Benjamin Barrett and Stephen Taylor a committee to run and establish the lines and bounds of the Common."

At a meeting of the members of the parish assembled at the meeting-house October 11, 1852, Art. VI in the warrant was disposed of as follows: "B. F. Heald, from the committee chosen to run out the lines of the Common, reported that the committee had attended to the duty assigned them, by employing a surveyor to make a careful survey of the premises according to a plan made in 1799. That by this survey it appears evident that considerable portion of the original grant is covered by the road on the west side, and that nearly one-half of the house and front yard recently occupied by Lucius Stiles stands within the limits of the Common.'

EARLY CUSTOMS

The two-wheeled chaise is said to have made its début in this locality as a means of locomotion about the year 1800, and the first pastor of the town, Rev. Paul Litchfield, according to tradition, became the owner of one, which he used for pleasure riding, and especially when he and his good wife made their pastoral calls.

Mr. Ai Heald, who died January 9, 1892, aged 79 years, 9 months, 16 days, and was a young lad at the