Aachen, the Peace of, 39; 153 sq.; 200;
373; 443; 650

Aberdeen, episcopal clergy of, and the penal
laws, 290

Académie des Sciences, 715; 741

Française, 741

Acadia, assigned to England, 442
Acre, siege of, 630

Acton, John Emerich Edward Dalberg-
Acton, Lord, 2; 253; 616; 617
Adalbert, St, 629

Adasheff, Alexis, favourite of Ivan the
Terrible, 489

Adda, Count de, papal Nuncio in England,
235

Addison, Joseph, French influence on, 70;
122; 133; 271; his Cato, 474; 476 sqq.
Adeler, Kort, Norwegian admiral, 561
Adige river, French army on, 402
Adrian VI, Pope, 635

Patriarch of Russia, 530
Adrianople, 353; Turkish army at, 359;
Tökölyi at, 364, 366

Peace of, 607

Esop, Russian translation of, 529
Africa, English and Dutch in, 108, 149,
179; Brandenburg colony in, 647; Euro-
pean settlements in, 691 sqq.
African Company. See Royal African
Company

Trading Company (Brandenburg), 647
Afrosina, Tsarevich Alexis' mistress, 539 sq.
Agreement of the People (1649), 327 sq.
Agricola, Georgius. See Bauer, George
Ahmad II, Sultan, 369

III, Sultan, 604 sqq.

Airds Moss, Covenanters defeated at, 287
Aire, 39; ceded to France, 45; 429
Aix, Parlement of, 4
Aix-la-Chapelle. See Aachen
Albemarle, Arnold Joost van Keppel, first
Earl of, 257

George Monck, Duke of, 93; 100;
and the marriage of Charles II, 105;
106; in naval campaign of 1666, 183 sqq.;
190;
death of, 191; 280
Albert II, Emperor, 623
Alberti, Aristotile (Ridolfo Fioravanti), 482

Albuquerque, Affonzo de, Portuguese Viceroy
of India, 695

Antonio de, Governor of the Rio, 679
Aldrovandus, Ulysses, naturalist, 736; 738
Aldus Manutius, Venetian printer, 508
Alessandria, French garrison at, 415
Alet, canonry at, 85

Alexander VII (Fabio Chigi), Pope, 76; 84
VIII (Pietro Ottoboni), Pope, 58
Alexandroff, Ivan IV at, 491
Alexis, Tsar, 343 sq.; 503; the reign of,
504 sq.; and the Patriarch Nikon, 506
sq.; and ecclesiastical reforms, 508 sq.;
514; the Code of, 515; 516; character
of, 516 sq.; 518

Tsarevich, son of Peter the Great,
536 sqq.; death of, 542; 547
Alfonso VI, King of Portugal, 34; 105
Algiers, French fleet sent to, 53
Ali Pasha, Grand Vezir, 604; 606
Alicante, 376; capture of, 426
Alkmaar, and the Act of Seclusion, 143
Allardin, minister at Emden, 757

Allen, Sir Thomas, naval commander, 108;
180; 186; 190

Almanza, battle of, 419

Almeida, Francisco de, Portuguese Viceroy
of India, 695

Almenara, victory of Starhemberg at, 428
Alsace, taken by the French, 44; 47 sq.;
Louis XIV and, 165; 338; 413; 416; 420;
423; 425; French troops in, 431; the
Peace of Ryswyk and, 453
Alt-Breisach, ceded by France, 436; 454
Altona, 579; Swedish sack of, 609; 612; 756
Altranstädt, 417; Charles XII at, 597

Peace of, 595, 597

Amalia von Solms, Princess of Orange.
See Orange

Amazon river, Portugal and, 448; 679;
683

Amboina, massacre of, 138, 697
Amegial, battle of, 34, 105
America, England and France in, 57, 438;
English and Dutch claims in, 108

North, and the Anglo-French treaty,
442; French colonisation in, 648 sq.;
English colonisation in, 685 sq.; 694

America, South, 107; Portuguese in, 372,
674 #qq.; Spanish colonisation in, 680
#44-; 698

Governor of

Spanish, slave-trade to, 403, 445, 455
Amiens, Bishop of See Caumartin
Peace of (1802), 444
Ampringen, Caspar von,
Hungary, 352 sq.; 357
Amsterdam, 43; 164 sq.; 199; Bank of,
266 sqq.; 270; 420; Peter the Great in,
525, 612; Russian printing at, 529; Treaty
of (1717), 613

Amu Daria river, Russian expedition to,
544

Anastasia Romanova, Tsaritsa, 495
Andalusia, evacuated by the French, 416
Andover, James II at, 247
Andrusovo, Treaty of, 505

Angola, Brandenburg trade with, 647
Anguilla, colonised by the English, 687
Anhalt, House of, 618

Anjou, customs of, 13

Duke of. See Philip V, King of
Spain

Anna, Tsaritsa, 483

Anne, Empress of Russia, 550; 556 sq.

Queen of England, party govern-
ment under, Chap. XV; 63; 211; marriage
of, 230; 247; 262; and the Act of Settle-
ment, 275; and the Union, 297 sqq.; and
the peace negotiations, 417, 430; and
Marlborough, 428; 429; 441; 451; ill-
ness and death of, 459 sq., 610

Tsesarevna. See Holstein-Gottorp,
Anne, Duchess of

of Austria, Queen of France, 72;
376 sq.

Ansbach, re-united to Baireuth, 622
Antigua captured by the French, 110; 687
Antrim, Alexander Macdonnell, third Earl
of, 307

Antwerp, 199; 407; 457; surrenders to
Marlborough, 416; 458 sq.

Apaffy, Michael, Prince of Transylvania.
See Transylvania

Apraksin, Fedor Matveievitch, Russian
admiral, 601 sq.; 613

Aragon, 419; invaded by the Allies, 428
Aral, Sea of, Russian expedition to, 544
Aranjuez, the Spanish Court at, 376; 391
Arbuthnot, John, English writer, 70
Archangel, 531; leather exports from, 534
Archimedes, 707 sq.

Ardee, James II retires to, 313
Arenberg, merchandise tolls of, 547
Argyll, John Campbell, second Duke and
eleventh Earl of, 298; 476

Archibald Campbell, ninth Earl of,
229; 232; and the Scottish Test Act,
287; 289

Archibald Campbell, Marquis of,

282; 289

Aristotle, 707 sq.; 712; 736

Arleux, fort at, taken by Marlborough, 431
Arlington, Henry Bennet, Earl of, 100;

113; 152 sq.; 198; and the Triple Alli
ance, 200; signs the Treaty of Dover,
204; 205; created Earl, 207; 208 sq.;
and the Test Act, 210; and the Prince
of Orange, 213 sq.
Armada, Spanish, 326

Armella, Nicole, French mystic, 762
Armenia, the crown of, 660

Armfelt, Karl Gustaf, Baron von, Swedish
general, 609

Arnauld, Angélique, Abbess of Port-
Royal, 83

Antoine, and Cartesianism, 73; 83
sq.; exile and death of, 89

Arndt, Johann, theologian, 758 sq.
Arnold, Gottfried, historian, 760 sqq.
Arquien, Henri de Lagrange, Marquis de,
356; 360

Mary de. See Mary d'Arquien,
Queen of Poland

Artois, Estates of, 4

Arundel, Henry, Lord Arundel of Wardour,
202; 204; 220

Aschersleben, castle of, 618

Aselli, Gaspar, anatomist, 727
Ashley, Lord. See Shaftesbury, Earl of
Asia, Russian policy in, 544 sq.
Asiento, the, secured for French traders,
403; England and, 445; 455; 684
Assche, Marlborough at, 420
Astrabad, ceded to Russia, 545
Astrakhan, annexed to Russia, 479; 494;
revolt at, 531; 544

Ath, restored to Spain, 45, 63; 416
Athens, captured by the Venetians, 365
Athlone, besieged, 315; 317 sq.

-

Godert de Ginkel, first Earl of, in
Ireland, 316 sqq.; takes Limerick, 319
Athos, Mount, 507 sq.

Atkins, Governor of Barbados, 690
Aubigné, Theodore-Agrippa de, 20
Audijos, leader of the rising in Gascony, 9
Auersperg, Johann Weichard, Prince von,
Austrian statesman, 349; 352
Aughrim, battle of, 261, 318

Augsburg, Bavaria and, 52; 408; 410

Alliance (1686), 35, 52 sq., 235, 654
Religious Peace of, 627

Augustine, St, the Jansenists and, 82; 755
Augustus II, King of Poland (Frederick
Augustus, Elector of Saxony), 369 sqq.;
417; 438; and Peter the Great, 526; 555;
and Denmark, 580 sq.; and Patkul, 586,
595; joins the league against Sweden
(1699), 580, 587; and the great Northern
War, 587 sqq.; Charles XII and, 589,
592; deposed, 593; treaty of, with Sweden
(1706), 595; and the Emperor Joseph,
596; and the second anti-Swedish league
(1709), 602; 603 sq.; 606 sq.; 660; and
Frederick I of Prussia, 666; 743
Aungier, Gerald, in India, 698
Aunis, the, customs of, 13

Aurangzeb, Emperor of Hindustan, 697 sqq.;
701