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THE WALLS OF ST. JEAN D'ACRE, NEXT THE SEA.

The walls appear to rest on a reef of rocks, which affords a great protection from the sea. Even here they exhibit signs of the long and devastating siege by Ibrahim Pasha. This is not the side on which the place was attacked by Napoleon and Ibrahim, but on the other side, next the gate of Mount Carmel, that opens on the plain. On this plain, the Egyptian forces were encamped for six months; the defence made by Abdallah was obstinate in the extreme; and the hitherto invulnerable fortress would have baffled Ibrahim, had the Turks made the smallest efforts to relieve it, and thrown in, by sea, as was always in their power to do, a reinforcement to the exhausted garrison. There is a fine view from this angle of the walls, along the coast of Tyre, and the rich but neglected plain of Acre. In the distance, Mount Carmel and the bay are seen. "Ibrahim," writes Mr. Addison, in his recent journey to the East, "is a short man, inclined to corpulence, with a large head, scanty whiskers, grey moustaches, and is pitted with the small-pox. There was a remarkable plainness and simplicity in every thing about him. He was attired in Mamlouk trousers, with a closely-buttoned vest, and loose jacket, perfectly plain, without embroidery or jewels, and with a red tarbouche on his head. He appears about forty, and has a remarkably piercing eye, which he half closes, casting round the room a keen, searching glance, which seems to read the very soul. His disarming the Druses and other mountaineers of Lebanon, seems to have been a decided stroke of policy; it renders their prince, the celebrated Emir Bechir, quite powerless: the latter could, at any time, call thirty thousand troops into the field, chiefly cavalry, and now he lies at the mercy of Ibrahim, his palace and capital surrounded by troops, and companies of soldiers penetrating in every direction through his mountains, disarming his people. The pasha's troops are despatched from the head-quarters to all the villages in the mountains. When they arrive, proclamation is made to the inhabitants to bring in their arms and pile them in the street, on pain of death; and a certain time is allowed for that purpose. These parties are accompanied by guides, who know pretty well the number of the inhabitants; and if suspicion is excited that arms have been concealed, the most rigorous search is made. As yet the inhabitants have all been taken by surprise, and no resistance has been offered; nor is it likely to be, for the communications of the mountaineers with the Emir have been cut off, and no time has been allowed for combination. Ibrahim has gained his point, and has rendered the Emir helpless at a blow.

It was curious to see so great and powerful a person as Ibrahim Pasha living in mean quarters, in a private house in Der-el-Kamar, while the old Emir was in his noble castle half a mile off, surrounded by Oriental pomp. A more patriarchal and majestic figure than the Emir Bechir can scarcely be imagined. He is near ninety years of age, with a snow-white beard of great length. There was a kind, fatherly manner, and a calm,

settled dignity about him, which must have been sadly at variance with his real feelings at this time. He was handsomely attired in a rich robe, edged with sable; his waist was girt with a cashmere shawl, in which stuck a dagger covered with diamonds; and his fingers were clothed with rings. Black slaves in scarlet dresses presented pipes, which were adorned with magnificent amber mouth-pieces set in jewels: the Emir held one of these long pipes in his hand."

CEMETERY, AND WALLS OF ANTIOCH.

The Orontes is seen coming down from the White Lake, the mountains to the left are towards the pass of Beilan: the bold hill on the right is within the ruined walls. The cemetery in the foreground is beautifully situated; the prospect which it commands of the river, the gardens on its banks, the mountains, and the shattered towers and walls on their declivities, is splendid. Every step in this neighbourhood is full of heartfelt associations; whether you enter by the gate of St. Paul, and pursue your way for a quarter of an hour through a pleasant avenue, among trees and gardens, or turn to the little grotto in the side of the mountain, where the few Christians now worship. There is at present an upright man, who dwells near the Medina gate, who may be called a modern Silas of the fallen cause of Christianity. When the few members of the true faith who now inhabit Antioch, lay a few years since under suspicions with the magistracy, and under consequent apprehensions, he contrived a secret meeting-place for them within those ruined towers which are at a short distance in the romantic suburbs, and are believed to have once formed part of the fortified palace of Seleucus.

This cemetery is without the grove of trees which usually adorns and shades the burial-places of the East. The pine, the cypress, the sycamore, are not here: the gloom of the sepulchre is unaided by that of the dark foliage above. It is thickly peopled: the tomb in front resembles those so often erected to the santons, or holy men; but the latter are more beautiful and massive, and are often placed at the verge of the desert, and around them is always planted a little group of trees. This tomb of the santon has often a beautiful effect on the landscape, for it is mostly built in some lonely place, by the side of a stream or a pool, or on the verge of the desert, where its white dome, and rich canopy of trees, are a fine relief to the barren rocks, the rank grass, or the wastes of sand. Often I have paused beside one of these memorials, on the border or in the heart of the wilderness, and thought that it looked more like a cheerful refuge for the living than a home for the dead. The shadow of its trees was so lovely-and, far as the eye could reach, no other shelter from the heat, no other waters for the thirst, were visible. The Orientals evince an admirable taste in their places of sepulture, whether for a community or an individual. We are satisfied to erect superb monuments and costly homes for those we love: the Turk and the Arab build a simple and impressive tomb to their eminent persons, but are careful to place it where waters of mercy shall flow beside, and noble trees shall screen it from the heat by day, and the

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