a mark of mean disposition-winking with the eye a sign of evil intent, lighting up the eye denoting begun or renewed attention; used as the symbol of intellect, reason, or opinion. Nose the means of breathing and the organ of smell, breathing of the nostrils metaphorically descriptive of divine wrath. Mouth used in speaking-opening it the sign of commencing a discourse-laying the hand on it a token of reverence smuting on it an act of contemptuous anger. Lips used with a variety of epithets to express shades of character, as uncircumcised, flattering, lying, joyful, burning, unclean, etc,used in Proverbs, especially to point out vices and virtues of character. Teeth, the organs of mastication, gnashing them a sign of agony, gnashing with them a sign of rage-the principal | instrument of speech, like lips used with a variety of epithets denoting great diversity of character. Throat as the means of utterance compared in wicked men to a sepulchre-neck adorned with ornaments of needlework, chains of gold, etc., the seat of yoke, and the symbol of subordination-clasped in joy and grief, hard or stiff denoting obstinacy. OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY. Shoulder the seat of burden, badges of honour borne on it, as exemplified in Christ, on whose shoulder "the government shall be" Arm the natural symbol of strength-of flesh denoting weakness-hand used in a variety of idioms as, at hand, near in time or space, by the hand"-by means of, "into," or "in the hand," into or in the power of, "from the ITS BOUNDARIES, ETC., hand," from the power of; to give the hand the mark of amity; -hands also used in a variety of idioms, to "clap them" expressive of sudden feeling-to "lay them on," to take hold of, or to impart healing, spiritual office, or gift-to lift or spread them the posture of prayer-to lift those of another to comfort him to lift them against one to rebel-to join them a sign of combination; left hand used with the right, in idiomatical expressions, denoting both sides-left handed persons noted for dexterity and precision of aim-righthand the symbol of power, and the place of honour. Bosom the seat of emotions, as joy, sorrow, etc;-breast, smiting it, expressive of intense grief Back, turning it the sign of forsaking— bowing it of servitude-loins bound, and strengthened by the girdle, expressive of lineage or descent. Heart the seat of emotionto harden it, to persist in disobedience, to apply it, to denote oneself to study. Liver called glory in the Hebrew Scriptures; reins or kidneys, figuratively, the seat of feelingbowels, used in many places of Scripture, where in modern language, heart would be employed. Thigh, putting the hand under it a form of oath. Knee, kneling, token of obeisance to God or man-leg, foot, instruments of motion, therefore the symbol of personal action, purpose, etc., Feet used idiomatically in various ways, "under feet," token of subjec tion, "at the feet" close attendance on, or implied inferiority, "falling at another's" feet an act of homage. CANAAN. God, the expulsion accomplished by Israel under Moses and Joshua, acting under the Captain of the Lord's host-prosecuted little by little, the original inhabitants who were spared being in the meantime placed under tribute,-the chosen people entering on the possession of cities which they had not built, and vineyards and oliveyards which they had not planted. CHART FOR THE DIVISION OF THE COUNTRY. Canaan proper, having the wilderness of Sin, etc., on the south, the great sea on the west, Lebanon on the north, and the Jordan on the east; the territory on the other side Jordan, having the Arnon on the south, the wilderness on the east, Hermon and Bashan on the north, and the Jordan on the west;the territory east of the Jordan conquered under Moses, and allocated to two and a half of the tribes, the rest by Joshua, and given to the remaining nine tribes and a half. THE SEVERAL INHERITANCES, Allocated to the several tribes and families for the most part or altogether by lot, aud to Joshua and Caleb in pursuance of special by Nebuchadnezzar who destroyed it, and promise. carried the people captive to Babylon. METROPOLIS OF CANAAN, Jerusalem anciently called Jebus, and long in the hand of the aborigines, at length taken by David, divinely selected as the centre of God's worship, and the scene of the national gatherings, placed under the special protection of the Most High, and cherished by the people with the purest patriotism;very frequently threatened and many times invaded by hostile armies, as by Shishak king of Egypt, Rezin king of Syria, Sennacherib king of Assyria, Pharaoh-necho, Jehoash, and RESTORATION, Promised and eventually fulfilled,—but again its ruin predicted by Jesus, and accomplished by the Roman army. JERUSALEM MYSTIC, Described by Ezekiel in vision, and by John in the Apocalypse, detailing its vast extent, its holiness, its felicity, and its security in the presence of God, and holding it up to the hope of believers as the gathering place of the redeemed from the earth. COVENANTS, COVENANTS. with Isaac and Jacob and with similar Used in reference to men to signify an agree-promises; with Israel in the wilderness, and ment or contract, entered into deliberately the promise of Canaan;-with Levi anent the and with solemnity,-in reference to God, priesthood, and with David-his throne signifying his solemn promise or engagement being established forever in the mediatorial to those with whom he entered into covenant, reignof Messiah. COVENANTS MENTIONED IN SCRIPTURE, Between God and man, between man and man, ratified by oath and sacrifice, and Sometimes written and sealed,-instanced in Abraham, and in the princes, levites, priests, and people of Israel, after the return froni the captivity. GOD FAITHFUL TO HIS COVENANT, Evinced by his faithfulness, his mercy, his covenant an everlasting covenant. THE OBLIGATION TO KEEP GOD'S COVENANT, Manifest from the kindness displayed in them, the danger of violating them seen in the threatenings, and in the judgments he has often inflicted, instanced very frequently Salt an emblem of incorruptibility, and per- in the history of the chosen people. petuity, COVENANT OF SALT. MEN MAKING COVENANTS WITH GOD, Mentioned especially in seasons of special solemnity, of providential judgments and of religious revival, instanced in Israel in view of the death of Joshua, and in the days of of the approaching death of Moses, in view Josiah. THE NEW COVENANT, Made in Christ with believers, so called to distinguish it from the old covenant of Sinai,— spiritual and is founded on the better promises. COVENANTS OF VARIOUS CHARACTERS. Wonderful, made by God for his people, with the beasts of the field, the fouls of the air, and with the stones of the ground, ruinous those which godless men make in their vain imagination with death and hell; unlawful, those which Israel made with heathen nations. DIET AND DRESS.] HUNGER, SYNOPSIS. Suffered by Esau,-by the army of king Saul, -by Jesus after his baptism,-by Paul in Damascus and at other times,-voluntarily borne by Abraham's servant,-by Hannah,— and by king Saul in his last extremity. FASTING IN CONNECTION WITH RELIGION, Often observed by individuals, families, and communities, when observed to be in the right spirit of kindness to fellow-men, almsgiving to the poor, etc., opposed to the fasting of the Pharisees. FASTS BY DIVINE AUTHORITY, Proclaimed by prophets and rulers in seasons of calamity, as in Joel, and Esther, in Nineveh,-sometimes proclaimed under pretence of piety, instanced in Jezebel, EXTRAORDINARY FASTS, Extending to forty days, Moses on the mount, Elijah on Horeb, and Jesus in the wilderness. [DIET AND DRESS. Provided on occasions of joy,-as marriages, birthdays, etc., often referred to in the figura tive language of the sacred writers, as emblems of divine blessings-instanced in that provided by Solomon for his servants; by Samuel for Saul; by Belshazzar for his lords and captains, etc.—invitations to feasts sometimes issued, of which our Lord advises that on receiving and using them the guests should study humility in selecting the lower seats. DRESS. First felt to be necessary by Adam and Eve [DISEASE AND DEATH said to be naked, as David when he danced before the ark, and Simon Peter when Jesus came to him at the lake of Tiberias. VARIOUS OTHER PARTS OF DRESS. The head dress, girdle made of linen, leather. silk, etc, wrapped round the loins, for the double purpose of tucking up the loose garments, and for strengthening the loins, which form the weakest part of the body; hence the emblem of power or strength. To gird up the loins descriptive of readiness for travel, preparedness for labour, and emblematical of preparedness for Christ's coming-shoes or sandals, generally consisting only of soles tied over the foot with a latchet, put off on entering houses, and sometimes on other occasions in token of reverence, and untying Significant; white, of felicity, purity, and glory; of which was assigned to the lowest servants purple, of royalty; hence in mockery one was the veil, important part of the female dress, put upon Jesus by Pilate; black, of mourning, used not only for covering the face, but for as metaphorically expressed by covering the carrying objects, instanced in Rebekah and heavens with blackness; various coloured, of Ruth-ornaments consisting of rings, bracelets, honour, usually, though not exclusively worn earrings, jewels, worn by females, as were also by kings' daughters, and also instanced in the used a profusion of perfumes of myrrh, etc. coat which Jacob gave to Joseph. COLOURS OF DRESS. The token of sin, often painful, as instanced in Job and Hezekiah, sent by God, who gives confort and hope under it,-affliction sometimes not improved. ADVANTAGES OF AFFLICTION. DISEASES VERY DIVERSIFIED. Expressed in Scripture more generally by sickness and leanness, more particularly according to their specific nature as ague, boils, blindness, consumption, deafness, debility, demoniacal possession, dumbness, dysentery, emerods, epilepsy, fever, fractures, gout, itch, The afflicted person bumbling himself, open-inflammation, issue, lameness, leprosy, loss of ing his heart to discipline, seeing the hand of appetite, lunacy, monomania, mortification, God in his trouble, being more impressed with palsy, plague, skin disease, ulcers, worms. the evil of sin and experiencing that purification which is compared to silver refined in the fire. LAW OF LEPROSY. Priest being judge of the symptoms. PHYSICIANS, Sometimes resorted to instead of the Lord, as Asa, and sometimes without any benefit, as the woman who had the issue of blood; the medicines and applications in use being balm, wine, oil, figs, etc. OTHER MEANS OF CURE, Miraculous power, as in the cures effected by Jesus and his apostles, praying over the sick; apart from miracle, disease sometimes incur. able as in Jehoram; often alluded to by the prophets while exposing the spiritual maladies of Israel. RECOVERY FROM GOD, In His hand the issues of death-sometimes bringing back from the grave. DEATH. THE ORIGINAL SENTENCE, Dust thou art and unto dust thou shalt return, pronounced by God upon our first parents after the fall, has descended also upon their posterity. SHORTNESS AND UNCERTAINTY OF LIFE, Illustrated by many emblems and comparisons as a pilgrimage, a sojourn, a step, a handbreadth, and described as swifter than a post, a few days, a few years, grass, a flower, etc.-Its frailty appearing from many images and figures as when man is said to be dwelling in a cottage of clay, to be crushed before the moth, etc.-Teaching us to be watchful, to be redeeming the time; to be preparing for death. DEATH THE WILL OF GOD, Asserted everywhere-He wounds and heals. Preparation for it, of various kinds-secular, having respect to the arrangement of worldly affairs-instanced in the instruction of Isaiah to Hezekiah; solicitude for survivors-instanced in Moses on behalf of Israel; care about the body when dead-instanced in Jacob, Joseph, and old Barzillai; spiritual, having reference to a future world-instanced in all the saints. HAPPY DEATH OF THE RIGHTEOUS, Characterized by peace, hope, confidence in God, assurance, introduction into the house of many mansions, and, finally, participation in a blessed resurrection. DEATH A GREAT CHANGE, Body laid in grave, food for worms, returns to dust, the individual forgotten in the house, the street and the city, cut of totally and for ever from the world; hence said to be gathered to his fathers. PREPARATIONS FOR BURIAL In anointing the body, as that of Jesus, or en balming it, as that of Jacob in Egypt, then wrapping it in fine linen, with spices, etc. BURIAL, The ordinary mode of disposing of the dead illustrated in every part of Scripture-body sometimes burned, as that of Saul and his sons-non-burial regarded as a disgrace, and sometimes a punishment. MOURNING FOR THE DEAD, Strictly attended to instanced in the death of Sarah, Aaron, Moses, etc.; very frequently by hired mourners or minstrels, referred to by Jeremiah; cutting for dead forbidden; and mourning forbidden to the high-priest, or to such as were under the vow of a Nazarite. BURIAL PLACES, Of various kinds, in caves, under trees, in gardens, etc.,-instanced in those of Abraham, Sarah, and Christ, those of the kings of Judab in the city of David-monuments, heaps of stones, pillows, and erections, whited at re gular periods, employed by the Saviour a images of hypocrisy. CREATION AND FURNITURE OF GOD. EARTH. In the beginning, arranged and beautified by Him, covered with vegetation, peopled with its numerous and diversified inhabitants, and fixed it as one of the orbs of space; ilustrative of the Creator's wisdom and goodness, characterized by stability, variety, order and permanence; compared to a building having foundation, and as a tent whose curtains are the heavens above. EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS, Often referred to, the former described as re moving mountains, as carrying them into the midst of the sea, as shaking the earth out o her place, the latter represented as causing the mountains to melt, the hills to smoke, etc. EARTHQUAKES MENTIONED IN SCRIPTURE. At mount Sinai, in the wilderness,-in the stronghold of the Philistines, at mount |