me die the death of the righteous, and let my last end be like his," (i) but the same which David afterwards expressed in the following words: "Precious in the sight of the Lord is the death of his saints." (4) "Evil shall slay the wicked." () If death were the ultimate bound of human existence, no difference could be observed in it between the righteous and the impious; the distinction between them consists in the different destinies which await them after death. XV. We have not yet proceeded beyond Moses; whose only office, our opponents allege, was to persuade a carnal people to the worship of God by the fertility of the land, and an abundance of all things: and yet, unless any one wilfully rejects the evidence presented to him, we already discover a clear declaration of a spiritual covenant. But if we proceed to the prophets, there we have the fullest revelation both of eternal life and of the kingdom of Christ. In the first place, David, who as he was prior to the rest in order of time, so according to the method of the Divine dispensation, he expressed the heavenly mysteries with more obscurity than they did, yet with what great perspicuity and certainty he directs all his writings to this end? What estimate he formed of his terrestrial habitation, the following passage declares: "I am a stranger with thee, and a sojourner, as all my fathers were. Verily, every man at his best estate is altogether vanity. Surely every man walketh in a vain show. And now, Lord, what wait I for? my hope is in thee." (m) He who, after having confessed that there is nothing substantial or permanent on earth, still retains the constancy of his hope in God, certainly contemplates the felicity reserved for him in another world. To this contemplation he frequently recals the faithful, whenever he wishes to afford them true consolation. For in another place, after having spoken of the brevity and the transitory nature of human life, he adds, "But the mercy of the Lord is from everlasting to everlasting upon them that fear him." (n) Similar to which is the following: "Of old hast thou laid the foundations of the earth: and the heavens are the work of thy hands. They shall perish, but thou shalt (i) Numb. xxiii. 10. (k) Psalm cxvi. 15. () Psalm xxxiv. 21. (n) Psalm ciii. 17. endure: yea, all of them shall wax old like a garment; as a vesture shalt thou change them, and they shall be changed: but thou art the same, and thy years shall have no end. The children of thy servants shall continue, and their seed shall be established before thee." (o) If, notwithstanding the destruction of heaven and earth, the pious cease not to be established before the Lord, it follows that their salvation is connected with his eternity. But this hope cannot be at all supported, unles it rest on the promise which we find in Isaiah; "The heaven," saith the Lord, "shall vanish away like smoke, and the earth shall wax old like a garment, and they that dwell therein shall die in like manner: but my salvation shall be for ever, and my righteousness shall not be abolished:" (p) where perpetuity is ascribed to righteousness and salvation, considered not as resident in God, but as experienced by men. XVI. Nor can what he frequently says concerning the prosperity of the faithful be understood in any other sense than as referring to the manifestation of the glory of heaven. Such are the following passages: "The Lord preserveth the souls of his saints; he delivereth them out of the hand of the wicked. Light is sown for the righteous, and gladness for the upright in heart." (9) Again: "The righteousness of the righteous endureth for ever; his horn shall be exalted with honour. The desire of the wicked shall perish." (r) Again: "Surely the righteous shall give thanks unto thy name: the upright shall dwell in thy presence." (s) Again: "The righteous shall be had in everlasting remembrance." (t) Again: "The Lord redeemeth the soul of his servants." (v) For the Lord frequently leaves his servants to the rage of the impious, not only to be harassed, but to be torn asunder and ruined; he suffers good men to languish in obscurity and meanness, while the impious are almost as glorious as the stars; nor does he exhilarate the faithful with the light of his countenance, so that they can enjoy any lasting pleasure. Wherefore David does not dissemble that, if the faithful fix their eyes on the present (0) Psalm cii. 25—28. (r) Psalm cxii. 9, 10. (p) Isaiah li. 6. (9) Psalm xcvii. 10, 11, (t) Psalm cxii. 6. (v) Psalm xxxiv. 22. state of things, they will be most grievously tempted with an apprehension lest innocence should obtain from God neither. favour nor reward. Thus does impiety in most cases prosper and flourish, while the pious are oppressed with ignominy, poverty, contempt, and distress of every kind. "My feet," says he, "were almost gone; my steps had well nigh slipped. For I was envious at the foolish, when I saw the prosperity of the wicked." (w) At length he concludes his account of them; "When I thought to know this, it was too painful for me; until I went into the sanctuary of God; then understood I their end." (x) XVII. We may learn then, even from this confession of David, that the holy fathers under the Old Testament were not ignorant, that God rarely or never in this world gives his servants those things which he promises them, and that therefore they elevated their minds to the sanctuary of God, where they had a treasure in reserve which is not visible in the present life. This sanctuary was the last judgment, which, not being discernible by their eyes, they were contented to apprehend by faith. Relying on this confidence, whatever events might befal them in the world, they nevertheless had no doubt that there would come a time when the Divine promises would be fulfilled. This is evident from the following passages: "I will behold thy face in righteousness: I shall be satisfied, when I awake, with thy likeness." (y) Again: "I am like a green olive-tree in the house of God." (z) Again: "The righteous shall flourish like the palm-tree: he shall grow like a cedar in Lebanon. Those that be planted in the house of the Lord shall flourish in the courts of our God. They shall still bring forth fruit in old age; they shall be fat and flourishing." He had just before said, “O Lord, how great are thy works! and thy thoughts are very deep. When the wicked spring as the grass, and when all the workers of iniquity do flourish; it is that they shall be destroyed for ever." (a) Where can this beauty and gracefulness of the faithful be found, but where the appearance of this world has been reversed by the manifestation of the kingdom of God? When they could turn their (w) Psalm lxxiii. 2. VOL. I. (x) Psalm lxxiii. 16, 17. (y) Psalm xvii. 15. 30 eyes towards that eternity, despising the momentary rigour of present calamities, they securely broke forth into the following expressions: "The Lord shall never suffer the righteous to be moved. But thou, O God, shalt bring them" (wicked men) "down into the pit of destruction." (b) Where, in this world, is the pit of destruction to absorb the wicked, as an instance of whose felicity it is mentioned in another place, that without languishing for any long time "they go down to the grave in a moment?" (c) Where is that great stability of the saints, whom David himself, in the language of complaint, frequently represents as not only troubled but oppressed and consumed? He certainly had in view, not any thing that results from the agitations of the world, which are even more tumultuous than those of the sea, but what will be accomplished by the Lord, when he shall one day sit in judgment to fix the everlasting destiny of heaven and earth. This appears from another Psalm in which he gives the following elegant description: "They that trust in their wealth, and boast themselves in the multitude of their riches; none of them can by any means redeem his brother, nor give to God a ransom for him. For he seeth that wise men die, likewise the fool and the brutish person perish, and leave their wealth to others. Their inward thought is, that their houses shall continue for ever, and their dwelling-places to all generations: they call their lands after their own names. Nevertheless man being in honour abideth not: he is like the beasts that perish. This their way is their folly: yet their posterity approve their sayings. Like sheep they are laid in the grave; death shall feed on them; and the upright shall have dominion over them in the morning; and their beauty shall consume in the grave from their dwelling." (d) In the first place, this derision of fools, for placing their dependence on the mutable and transitory blessings of the world, shews that the wise ought to seek a very different felicity. But he more evidently discloses the mystery of the resurrection, when he establishes the reign of the pious amidst the ruin and destruction of the wicked. For what shall we understand by "the morning" which he mentions, but the revelation of a new life commencing after the conclusion of the present? (b) Psalm lv. 22, 23. (c) Job xxi. 13. (d) Psalm xlix. §Q, &Cs XVIII. Hence arose that reflection, which served the faithful as a consolation under their miseries, and a remedy for their sufferings: "The anger of the Lord endureth but a moment; in his favour is life." (e) How did they limit their afflictions to a moment, who were afflicted all their life-time? When did they perceive so long a duration of the Divine goodness, of which they had scarcely the smallest taste? If their views had been confined to the earth, they could have made no such discovery; but as they directed their eyes towards heaven, they perceived, that the afflictions with which the Lord exercises his saints are but "for a small moment," and that the "mercies" with which he "gathers" them are "everlasting." (ƒ) On the other hand, they foresaw the eternal and never-ending perdition of the impious, who had been happy, as in a dream, for a single day. Hence the following sentiments: "The memory of the just is blessed: but the name of the wicked shall rot." (g) "Precious in the sight of the Lord is the death of his saints." (h) Also in Samuel: "The Lord will keep the feet of his saints, and the wicked shall be silent in darkness." (i) These expressions suggest to us, that they well knew, that whatever vicissitudes may befal the saints, yet their last end will be life and salvation; and that the prosperity of the impious is a pleasant path which gradually leads to the gulf of everlasting death. Therefore they called the death of such the "destruction of the uncircumcised," (k) as of those from whom all hope of resurrection had been cut off. Wherefore David could not conceive a more grievous imprecation than this: "Let them be blotted out of the book of the living, and not be written with the righteous." (1) XIX. But the following declaration of Job is remarkable beyond all others: "I know that my Redeemer liveth, and that he shall stand at the latter day upon the earth: and though after my skin worms destroy this body, yet in my flesh shall I see God: whom I shall see for myself, and mine eyes shall behold, and not another." (m) Some who wish to |