the derivative should be stronger than its primitive, or be more particular and limited in its signification; and we are willing to assume that, so far as relates to the main question at issue, both are of the same import. What, then, is the conclusion in regard to Buarito? Clearly, that it does not always denote immersion. It may be used, like ẞant, to signify immerse; but if it is essentially synonymous with this latter word, it may be used in other senses, and must be capable of a more general signification. (2.) Let us next have recourse to authority in settling the signification of Bungo, and of the substantives derived from it. STEPHANUS, in his Thesaurus, first gives to Burrito the special import of immersing, and then the more general one of cleansing or washing. BuлTouоs he translates immersion, washing, ablution. SCAPULA renders these words in the same manner as Stephanus. Bartito, to immerse, to wash, (abluo lavo.) Baatonos, immersion, washing, ablution, (lotio, ablutio.) PASSOR gives a similar rendering to both these words. Bango, to immerse, to wash, (abluo, lavo.) Burrionos, immersion, washing, (lotio.) SUIDAS gives to furto, not only the signification of dipping and dying, but also the more general ones of wetting, washing, purging, cleansing, (madefacio, lavo, abluo, purgo, mundo.) · HEDERICUS follows Stephanus and Scapula in rendering Bango to immerse, to wash, (mergo, immergo, abluo, lavo.) COULON calls baptism "a sacred mystery of the entrance into Christianity, administered in the church (mersione, ablutione, et aspersione) by immersion, washing, and sprinkling." PARKHURST translates Вantic to immerse in, or wash with water, in token of purification from sin." AINSWORTH says, "to baptize is to wash any one in the sacred baptismal font, or to sprinkle on him the consecrated waters." SCHLEUSNER renders Bantico, first, to immerse in water; and secondly, to wash or cleanse with water, (abluo, lavo, aqua purgo.) WAHL (Robinson's translation) renders the same word, first, to wash, to perform ablution, to cleanse; secondly, to immerse, to administer the rite of baptism. W. GREENFIELD translates the word, as used in the New Testament, to wash, to perform ablution, to cleanse, to immerse, to overwhelm, to administer the rite of baptism. In the Lexicon of Ewing, Bantigo is said to be used in the following senses:- I cover with water, or some other fluid, in whatever manner this is done, whether by immersion or affusion, wholly or partially, permanently or for a moment. Hence, the word is used in several different senses, referring either mediately or immediately to the primary idea; as 1. Tplunge or sink completely under water. 2. I cover partially with water. 3. I overwhelm or cover with water, by rushing, flowing, or pouring upon. 4. I drench or impregnate with liquor by affusion. 5. I oppress or overwhelm, in a metaphorical sense, by bringing affliction or distress upon. 6. I wash, in general, without specifying the mode. 7. I wash for the special purpose of symbolical, ritual, or ceremonial purification. 8. I administer the ordinance of Christian baptism, I baptize.". From the testimony of lexicographers, we may proceed to that of learned critics and theologians. PISCATOR. "Banga signifies not only to be dipped, but also in any other way to be tinged, washed, or rinsed, (lavari et ablui.)* BUCANUS. "BaлTo signifies to immerse, to tinge, to wash (abluere.") "Baptism is taken properly in Scripture for simple washing (pro simplici ablutione) whether Levitical or Pharisaical."+ ZANCHIUS. "This word Santigo doth as well signify to dye, and simply to wash, (lavare) as to immerse."‡ MALDONAT. "With the Greeks, Bantige signifies to dip, to wash, to wash oft, (lavare, abluere) and as Tertullian uses to turn it, to tinge or dye."|| BONAVENTURE. Bantiga in Greek signifies as much as lavo in Latin," i. e. to wash.S PETER MARTYR. "Bantigo signifies, not only to dip, but in any way to tinge or wet."¶ WHITAKER. "The word Barugo signifies, not only to immerse, but also to tinge or wet.”** VORRILONG. " βαπτίζω in Greek is the same that lavo is in Latin." "Baptism, properly speaking, signifies nothing (nisi lotionem) except washing."++ ALSTEDIUS. "The term baptism signifies both immersion and sprinkling, (aspersionem) and of consequence ablution." ZELENUS. "Baptism signifies dipping, and also sprinkling." MASTRICHT.. "Baptism signifies washing, either by sprinkling or dipping."|||| *Com. Loc. de Baptismo, pp. 157, 158. De Cultu Dei, Lib. i. Cap. 16. t Loc. Com. 47. p. 605. || In Matt. xxviii. 19. Tertullian observes concerning baptism (de Anima, Cap. 10.) that it means (mergere non tantum, sed et perfundere) not only to immerse, but also to pour. In Walker's Doctrine of Baptisms, Chap. 3. T In Rom. Cap. x. **Phælect. de Sacram, Baptismi, p. 217.. Encyclop. Lib. xxv. Sec. iii. Loc. 40. In Wall's Hist. of In. Bap, Part ii. Chap. 9. tt Works, Lib. iv. J. WICKLIFFE. "It matters not whether persons are dipped once, or three times, or whether water were poured upon their heads."* LYNDWOOD. "Dipping is not to be accounted to be of the essence of baptism, but it may be given also by pouring or sprinkling."* FLACIUS ILLYRICUS. "Baptism properly signifies intinction, a word used by Tertullian; and, per Metalepsin, it hath the signification of ablution and lotion.”† PAREUS. "Baptism, with the Greeks, imports any washing or cleansing, whether it be done by dipping or sprinkling." URSINUS renders Baлaiopos washing, as well as dip· ping.|| TRELCATIUS says "baptism, according to the etymolo-. gy of it, significs commonly any kind of ablution or cleansing."S WOLLEBIUS. "Baptism signifies dipping and sprinkling, and by consequence ablation, or cleansing by washing." . PETER LOMBARD. "Baptism signifies intinction, i. e. a washing of the body (ablutio) with a prescribed form of words."** NICOLAUS DE ORBELLIS. ablution in water."†† Baptism is a washing or DANAUS. "Baptism signifies not only immersion, but also lotion and ablution; and not only are they baptized who are wholly dipped in water, but they that are tinged or wetted with water."‡‡ * In Wall's Hist. of In. Bap. Part ii. Chap. 9. In Heb. ix. 10. +Clavis Scripturae. Explic. Catech. Ques. 69. Instit. Lib. ii. Cap. de Baptismo. T Chris. Theol. Lib. i. Cap. 23. ** In Walker's Doctrine of Baptisms, Chap. 6. tt Ques .i. de Baptismo. Responsio ad Bellarm. Tom, de Sacram. Cap. i. LIGHTFOOT. "The application of water is of the essence of baptism; but the application of it in this or that manner, speaks but a circumstance.”* MUSCULUS. "As for dipping the infant, we judge that not so necessary, but that it is free for the church to baptize either by dipping or sprinkling "+ THOMAS AQUINAS. "Baptism may be given, not only by immersion, but also by affusion of water, or sprinkling with it." FEATLY. "Christ.no where requireth dipping, but only baptizing; which word Hesychius, Stephanus, Scapula, and Buddæus, those great masters of the Greek tongue, make good by very many instances out of the classic wri-* ters, importeth no more than ablution or washing."|| LEIGH. "Baptism is such a kind of washing as is by plunging; and yet it is taken more largely for any kind of washing, where there is no dipping at all."|| DOMINICUS SOTUS. "In baptism, there is something essential, as the washing; and something accidental, namely, the washing in this or the other manner."S CALVIN. "Whether the person baptized be wholly immersed, and whether thrice or once, or whether water be only poured or sprinkled upon him, is of no importance."¶ BEZA. "They are rightly baptized who are baptized by sprinkling."** HEMINGIUS. "As often as we see infants sprinkled with the water of baptism, we are reminded of their secret regeneration."++· Horae Hebraicae in Matt. iii. 6. † Loci Communes de Baptismo, p. 431. In Wall's Hist. of In. Baptism, Part ii. Chap. 9. In Critica Sacra. Institutes Vol. iii. p. 343. tt Com. on John iii. 5. Distinc. iii. Quest. i. Art. 7. *** Tract Theol. Vol. iii. p. 195. |