the worship of fire. Hence we learn from Herodo tus, that Vulcan was particularly honoured at Heliopolis and Memphis. Both these places. they are said to have built and to the latter they gave the name of Ain Shems or Shemesh, that is, "the foun"tain of the sun :" which the Egyptians seem to have pronounced On, and sometimes Aven. The temple was called Beth-shemesh: and they are both frequently alluded to by the prophets and sacred writers, together with the neighbouring province Bubastus. 52"The young men of Aven and Phi"beseth shall fall by the sword: and these cities "shall go into captivity." "He [Nebuchadnezzar] "shall break also the images of Beth-shemesh, that "is in the land of Egypt; and the houses of the

gods of the Egyptians shall he burn with fire." These names given to the places, and the worship introduced there, bespeak them of Arabian original. And 5 Pliny tells us, that Juba in his history particularly maintained that Heliopolis was built by Ara-\ bians. Juba tradit-Solis quoque oppidum, quod non procul Memphi in Ægypti situ diximus, Arabas conditores habere. And 55 Diodorus Siculus alludes to the same circumstance, when he says, that Ucho

52 Ezek. 30. v. 17.

53 Jerem. 43. v. 13.

54 Nat. Hist. lib. 6. cap. 29.

55 Lib. 1. pag. 32.

reus, or the prince Orus, was the founder of Memphis : Ουχορευς εκτισε πολιν Μέμφιν, έπιφανεςατην των κατ' Αιγυπτον. For Orus is a name of Chaldean original; by which their chief deity was signified: as well as some of their kings, who assumed the name to themselves, or had it bestowed upon them by their subjects. The worship of Orus was brought into Egypt by the Arabians, and superadded to the religion of the country. And as the Grecians called the city 56 Aur in Egypt Avaris and Aouaris; so they liquidated and changed the name of Orus, whom they called Aoueris, by the same inflexion: whose history we have epitomized in "7 Plutarch in the same manner as I have represented. Τη μεν πρώτη Οσιριν γενεσθαι τη δε δευτερα τον Αρκηριν, όν Απολ λωνα, ὃν και πρεσβυτερον Ωρον ενιοι καλεσι,

57

The Greeks and Romans called these people Ara

56 The city Ur in Chaldea is called Ουρια : Εν πόλει της Βαβυλωνιας Καμαρινῃ, ήν τινας λέγειν πολιν Ουρίην. Eupolemus apud Euseb. Præp. Evang. lib. 9. cap. 17. edit. Paris. 1628.

57 De Isid. et Osir. Είναι δε τον μεν Οσιριν εξ Ηλιε και τον Αρηρινο Ibid. Ενιοι δε φασι και τον Αρεηςιν δυτω γεγονέναι, και καλείσθαι πρεσΕυτερον Ωρον ὑπ ̓ Αιγυπτίων, Απολλωνα δὲ ὑπο Ελληνων. Ibid. It should be corrected from the above, and written Aeng. That Aoueris and Orus are no other than of the Hebrews is plain from Manetho; who calls him by that name, and says, that he was admitted to the sight of the gods, and that Amenophis desired the same privilege, θεων γενεσθαι θεατην ώσσες ΩΡ.-so it stood in the old copies. Joseph. contra Apion. lib. 1. cap. 26.

bians: but their true name was Cushan or 58 Cuseans; the same that they gave to the province where they settled. This is evident from the etymology of Phaccusa, which is compounded of nne,

Phacut Cusan, or the canal of Cushan; being called from the canal that it was bounded by, as many places in Egypt were, such as Athribis, Cnoufbis, Bebesitis, Phithom. Now Cush and Cushan in Scripture almost always relate to Arabia.

Some, indeed, have thought that Ethiopia is meant by Cushan: but 59 Bochart has proved past contradiction that it signifies Arabia. 6° “I saw the

бо 66

tents of Cushan in affliction: and the curtains of "the land of Madian did tremble." Where the two places are put as oduvaμa: and what the land of Madian was, is well known. Zipporah the wife of Moses, is termed " Cusitis; and she was of Midian. But nothing can shew it more clearly than

61

58 The people here mentioned are spoken of under the names of Arabians, Ethiopians, Cuseans, Cutheans, men of Cush and Cutha.

There must have been two places of this name, one a village. upon the canal, the other a city and capital of a nome, if Ptole my's account be quite true, which last was situated in Delta at the extremity opposite to Babylon.

59 Geogr. Sacr. pars prior. lib. 4. cap. 2.

60 Habbak. 3. v.7.

1 Numb. 12. v. 1.

the Psalmist 6" Behold Philistia and Tyre, with Ethiopia:" where the arrangement points out the nation alluded to. And, 63 "I will make the land of "Egypt utterly waste and desolate, from the tower "of Syene even unto the border of w, Ethiopia ;" A turri Syenes usque ad terminum Chus. Where Chus must signify Arabia: for Syene stood upon the borders of Ethiopia proper; therefore that country cannot be meant here. There would be a great distance implied, and no interval. 6+ 'H de Σunun και ἡ Ελεφαντίνη, ή μεν επι των όρων της Αιθιοπίας, και της Αιγυπτε πόλις, ο δ' εν τῷ Νειλῳ προκειμενη. It had therefore been rendered better Arabia; for that is here meant. However, there is not that difference in opinion, which Bochart imagines: for they that suppose Chus to signify Ethiopia, mean not Ethiopia proper; but Arabia. For many of the antients placed Ethiopia in Arabia Felix: others extended it to Persia and India: Ethiopia being with them in acceptation like India with others; a very lax and undefined term, that they used in a most unlimited manner; of which many 65 instances might be

t

62 Psalm 87. v. 4.

63 Ezek. 29. v. 10.

64 Strab. vol. 2. pag. 1171.

65 Philostratus speaks of Ethiopians that were Indians: Aidiowes μεν ᾤκουν ενταύθα, γενος Ινδικον. De vit. Apollon. lib. 5. cap. 20. Aldrowes awe Irdou Toтaμov. Euseb. Chron. pag. 25.

67

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produced. Josephus was aware of this error, and therefore makes a proper distinction; telling us, that, though some of the Arabians were injudiciously called " Ethiopians, yet their true name was Cuseans: Οι Αιθίοπες γαρ, ών ηρξε [Xas], ετι και νυν ὑπο ἑαυ των τε και των εν τη Ασία παντων, Χεσαιοι καλενται. Hence we find, that all those who were descended from Chus, and whom some people termed Ethiopians, were styled among themselves, and by all the people of Asia, Cuseans. Chus is called his self an Ethiopian, which cannot be construed a native of Africa: 68 Xas Aidio&• X85, ε & Aions. The Alex

66 Sec Hyde Relig. Vet. Pers. cap. 2. pag. 37. Marsham Canon Chron. Sect. XIII.

67 Antiq. Jud. lib. 1. cap. 6.

The

68 Syncelli Chronograph. pag. 47. edit. Paris. 1652. Arabians are generally styled Ethiopians by Procopius. Xes, e§ ¡v ASOTES: Euseb. Chron. p. 11. edit. Scalig. Kai wgonλdooav ex μεν Χες Χεσαιοι· Αιθίοπες ουτοι εισι. Zonara Annales. lib. 1. cap. 5. Bochart goes too far in supposing that Cushan refers always to Arabia. As the Arabians were in situation near to the land of Canaan, they were better known to the Israelites than the western Ethiopians could possibly be ; who were however descended from Chus, as well as the others, and sometimes alluded to in Scripture, and called Cuseans. Therefore in these cases the sense of the text must direct us. "Can the Cusean change his skin, or the leopard "his spots?" Jeremiah 13, v. 23. This relates to the western Ethiopians. So does the passage in chap. 46. v. 9. of the same prophet: "Come up, ye horses; and rage, ye chariots; and let "the mighty men come forth: the Ethiopians (Cush), and the