THE EXPRESSION OF SPEECH. BY DR. JAMES RUSH. SCHOOLMEN make a distinction between thoughts and feelings, and common usage has adopted their language. This is not the place for controversy on this point: nor is it necessary to inquire, deliberately, whether the above distinction refers to the essential nature of the things or to their degrees. Some whose powers of analysis enable them to see beyond the common reach, may be disposed to adopt the system that supposes thoughts and feelings to be various degrees of intensity in ideas: since that function which may be noted as a mere thought in one, has in another, from a further urging, and not from a difference of motive, the bright hue of a feeling; and since in the same person, at different times, like circumstances produce, according to the varied susceptibility of excitement, the mental condition of either a feeling or a thought. Perhaps it might not be a difficult or tedious task, to show that these functions of the mind have many accidents in common; and that no definite line of demarcation can be drawn between them. However inseparably involved these accidents may be, at their points of affinity, they are in their more remote relationships, either in kind or degree, distinguishably different. The effect of the voice in conveying these manifest peculiarities of sentiment or feeling, is called, in the language of Elocution, the Expression of Speech. The classifications of science were instituted to assist the memory and imagination; but while they fulfil the purpose of communicating and preserving knowledge, they unfortunately produce the undesigned hindrance of its alteration or advancement, by their vain assumption of its completion. The endless revolutions of scientific arrangements are full of admonitions: yet we forget how often the fictitious affinities and the distinctions of system, have on the one hand presumptuously united the real divisions of nature, and on the other broken the beautiful connection of the circle of truth. I can as well suppose all those works of usefulness are already accomplished, which are foretold by the scope of human faculties, as that the arts which employ taste, have yielded up all the accuracy of their principles, and their sources of enjoyment. Let us leave the seventh day of rest, to the holiday rejoicings of patriots and politicians, who look upon their copied creations, and cunning schemes for human misery, and pronounce them original and finished and good. Let them build strongly around the perfection of their Chartas and Constitutions. Let them guard the ark of a forefather's wisdom, and proclaim its holiness to the people, for the safety, honor, and emolument of the keeper. The real creators of Knowledge have never yet found, and perhaps never will find, their day of rest: and the proud forefathers of all the great works of usefulness and of glory, are, by the use of that same magic which raised their own extraordinary creations, transmuted to corrigible children in the eye of the advancing labour of a later age. It has been alleged of the expression of speech, that the discrimination of its modes is beyond the ability of the human ear. If the term human ear is sarcastically used for that fruitlessly busy and slavish organ, which has so long listened for the clear voice of nature, amid the conflicting tumult of opinion and authority, we must admit the truth of the assertion. But it is not true of the keen, industrious, and independent exercise of the senses: nor can it be affirmed, without profanity, of the supremacy of that power of observation which was counselled and deputed at creation, for the effective gathering of truth, and the progressive improvement of mankind. The victory over nature must be the joint work of man and time: and having often, with more curiosity than hope, consulted the thoughts of others, on the possibility of delineating the signs of expression, I have generally received some query like this-Is it possible to recognise and measure all those delicate variations of sound, which have passed so long without detection, and which seem scarcely more amenable to sense than the atoms of air on which they are made?—It is possible to do all this: and if we cannot "find a way" for this conquest over nature, "let us," with the maxim, and in the contriving spirit and resolution of the great Carthagenian captain, "let us make one." It will not be denied, that the sounds constituting expression may be distinctly heard, and that there is no danger of mistaking the sentiments which dictate them. No:-it is the faint nature and rapidly commingling variety only, of these sounds that cannot be distinguished. I leave it to those who make this objection, to reflect on the truism, that there is nothing in the nature of sound but the audible: and, as the feelings are so readily recognised in its varieties, to ask themselves whether a distinct measurement is not implied in that recognition. The truth is, the delicate sounds of expression are always actually measured in the strictest meaning of the word, but they have never been named: and although all persons who are observant in this way, have nearly an equally acute perception of the expression of speech, they have no language for designating those delicate discriminations which are every day unconsciously made even by the popular ear. NEWSTEAD ABBEY. BY H. D. GILPIN. e; HAIL, HOLY MAIDS! who haunted once the steep, Which faith and genius once had made divine; No suppliants bow, no votive altars shine, No trembling priestess chants, nor God protects the shrine. The wandering Dryad has forgot her bower, E'en Jove's dread thunders, now no terrors bring; All, save in ancient story, are unknown But yet, as then, VE reign—yet worshipp'd, though alone. Hail, holy maids! in many a ruder clime And they, who once fame's loudest blast could fill, |