close room, and over a brazier of hot coals with a clean sponge, dipped in warm olive oil, his body must be very briskly rubbed all over for the purpose of producing a profuse sweat; during the friction Sugar and Juniper berries must be burnt in the fire, which raise a dense and hot smoke, that contributes to the effect.

The friction ought not to continue more than four minutes, and a pint of oil is enough to be used at each time.

In general the first rubbing is followed by a very copious perspi ration, but should it fail of this effect the operation may be repeated; first wiping the body with a warm dry cloth, and in order still further to promote perspiration the patient may take any warm sudorific drink, such as elder flower tea, &c.

It is not necessary to touch the eyes; and other tender parts of the body may be rubbed more gently.

Every possible precaution must be made use of to prevent the patient taking cold; such as keeping covered those parts of the body not directly under the operation, nor must the linen be changed till the perspiration has entirely subsided.

The operation should be repeated once a day until evident symptoms of recovery begin to appear.

If there are already tumours upon the body, they should be gently and more frequently rubbed, till they appear to be in a state of suppuration, when they may be dressed with the usual plaisters.

The operation ought to be begun on the appearance of the first symptoms of the disease; if neglected till the nerves and the mass of the blood are affected, or a diarhea has commenced, little hopes can be entertained of cure; but still the patient should not be despaired of, as by an assiduous application of the means proposed, some few have been recovered, even after the diarhea had commenced.

During the first four or five days the patient must observe a very abstemious diet; the author allows only a small quantity of Vermicelli simply boiled in water. Nor must any thing be taken for the space of thirty or forty days except very light food; as he says an indigestion in any stage of the disorder might be extremely dangerous. He does not allow the use of wine till the expiration of forty days.

There is no instance of the person rubbing a patient having taken the infection: he should previously anoint himself all over with oil, and must avoid receiving the breath of the infected person into his own mouth or nostrils. The prevention to be used in all circumstances is, that of carefully anointing the body, and living upon light and easy digestable food.

One of the many ingenious observations made by Mr. Baldwin is, that amongst upwards of a million of inhabitants carried off by the plague in Upper and Lower Egypt, during the space of four years, he could not discover a single oilman or dealer in oil. Lisbon, July, 1797.--By Royal Permission.

GLEAN

GLEANINGS.

MANNERS OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY.

THE following account from Walton's Life of the learned Hooker

furnishes a pleasant trait of the manners of the sixteenth century. About the age of eighteen, Hooker, who was then at Corpus Christi college, Oxford, had a dangerous fit of sickness, that had like to put an end to his life. As soon as he was perfectly recovered, (says his Biographer) he took a journey from Oxford to Exeter, to see his good mother, being accompanied with a countryman of his, and of his own college, and both on foot; which was then either more in fashion, or else want of money, or their humility, made it so. They took Salisbury in their way, purposely to see Bishop Jewel, who made Mr. Hooker and his companion dine with him at his own table. At their departure, the bishop gave him good counsel and his benediction, but forgot to give him money: which, when the bishop had considered, he sent a servant in all haste to call Richard (i. e. Hooker) back to him; and at Richard's return, the bishop said to him, "Richard, I sent for you back to lend you a horse, which hath carried me many a mile, and, I thank God, with much ease;" and then delivered into his hand a walking staff, with which he professed he had travelled through many parts of Germany; and he said, " Richard, I do not give, but lend you my horse; be sure you be honest, and bring my horse back to me at your return this way to Oxford. And I do now give you ten groats to bear your charges to Exeter; and here is ten groats more, which I charge you to deliver to your mother, and tell her I send her a bishop's benediction, and beg the continuance of her prayers for me. And if you bring my horse back to me, I will give you ten groats more to carry you on foot to the college, and so God bless you, good Richard.”

CAUSES AND EFFECTS.

POPE JULIUS II. though almost continually at the head of his troops, patronised artists and men of learning; among them was Michael Angelo. Julius's vanity prompted him to order that great sculptor to give him a design for his tomb. Which, when compleated, was found to be on so large a scale, that the choir of old St. Peter's (a most miserable fabric) could not contain it. "Well then," said the Pope, "enlarge the choir." "Aye, but holy Father, we must then build a new church, to keep up the due proportion between the different parts of the edifice." "That then we will do," replied the Pope, and immediately gave orders for the sale of indulgences to carry on the work. To this circumstance is the world indebted for that wonder of architecture, St. Peter's at Rome; and it was this same sale of indulgences, which afterwards,

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in his successors' time, undermined the whole fabric of the Papal authority; of which we in the present day have beheld the last ruins crumbling in the dust.

FORTITUDE.

FREDERICK, the famous Duke of Saxony, was playing at chess in his tent with his cousin and fellow prisoner the Landgrave of Lithenberg, when a writ was brought him, signed by the Emperor, for his execution the next morning in the sight of his wife and children, and the whole city of Wittemburg. Having carefully perused it, he laid it down as a paper of no concern, and saying to the Landgrave, "Cousin, take good heed to your game;" returned to his play, and gave him a check-mate.

It is a noble character which Ascham gives of the above-mentioned duke; "He thinketh nothing which he dare not speak, and speaketh nothing which he will not do."

AN Italian bishop, who had endured much persecution with a calm unruffled temper, was asked by a friend how he attained to such a mastery of himself. "By making a right use of my eyes," said he: "I first look up to heaven, as the place whither I am going to live for ever: I next look down upon the earth, and consider how small a space of it will soon be all that I can occupy or want. I then look round me, and think how many are far more wretched than I am.". -Dr. Horne's Thoughts, &c.

A CONTRAST.

An old woman who shewed the house and pictures at Towcester, expressed herself in these remarkable words: "That is Sir Richard Farmer; he lived in the country, took care of his estate, built this house and paid for it, managed well, saved money, and died rich. That is his son; he was made a lord, took a place at court, spent his estate, and died a beggar!" A very concise, but full and striking account.- Dr. Horne's Thoughts, &c.

GREAT ENDS FROM SMALL BEGINNINGS, "IT was by a mere accident (says the ingenious Pennant, in his Asiatic Zoology) that rice was first introduced into Carolina in America. Chance brought there in 1696 a vessel from Madagascar, the master of which presented a Mr. Woodward with about half a bushel of an excellent kind; and from this small beginning sprung an immense source of wealth to the southern provinces of America, and to Europe relief from want in times of dearth. Within little more than half a century, 120,000 barrels of rice have been, in one year, exported from South Carolina, and 18,000 from Georgia: and all from the remnant of a sea-store, left in the bottom of a sack! Ought I not (continues Mr. Pennant) to retract the word chance, and ascribe to Providence so mighty an event from so small a cause?”

CHANGE

CHANGE OF CIRCUMSTANCES.

ABOUT a century ago, Members of Parliament, with their families, were well contented to take warm lodgings in a first or second floor, in the Strand or Covent-Garden, from whence the honest country gentleman, proud to serve those he represented, trudged down to Palace yard on foot, at ten o'clock in the morning, and voted as his conscience directed him, without fee or reward: at twelve o'clock he went to dinner, returned to the house in about an hour, went into that room at the back of the strangers' gallery, called the smokeing-room, took his pipe, and indulged himself for about half an hour more; then he returned to business to serve his country, without the least view to his own private advantage; and the House generally adjourned about that hour at which it now commences business. The whole proceedings of Parliament finished before Christmas.

SCRUPULOUS CONSCIENCE.

"THE father of the celebrated Sir Matthew Hale was (says his Biographer) a man of that strictness of conscience, that he gave over the practice of the law, because he could not understand the reason of giving colour in pleadings, which, as he thought, was to tell a lie; and that, with some other things commonly practised, seemed to him contrary to that exactness of truth and justice which became a christian; so that he withdrew himself from the Inns of Court to live on his estate in the country. A very uncommon instance, seldom practised since, and the like to which could hardly be found now-a-days!"

THE ENGLISH.

SIR TOBY MATTHEWS, who was a great friend of Lord Bacon, in the preface to his collection of English Letters, after describing the character of the English, says:

"To conclude, therefore, upon the whole matter, I concur generally and even naturally with a certain worthy honest and truehearted Englishman, Sir Dennis Brussels. For once, after a grievous fit of the stone, (when he was no less than 80 years old) he found himself to be out of pain, and in such kind of ease, in the way of recovery, as that great weight of age might admit; wherewith the good man was so pleased, that he fell to talk very honestly, though very pleasantly also, after this manner:-If God should say thus to me, Thou art fourscore years of age, but yet I am content to lend thee a dozen years more of life, and because thou hast conversed with the men of so many nations in Europe, my pleasure is, that for hereafter thou shalt have leave to chuse for thyself of which thou wouldst rather be than of any other, I would quickly know how to make this answer without studying; Let me be neither Dutch, nor Flemish, nor French, nor Italians, but an Englishman,-an Englishman, good Lord!"

ANECDOTES.

ANECDOTES.

MICHAEL ANGELO.

THIS great genius lived to a very advanced yet very healthy old age. I have seen," says Vigenerez, "this divine old man, at the age of sixty, chip off more scales from a hard piece of marble, in less than a quarter of an hour, than three young stone-cutters could do in three or four hours, a thing impossible to be conceived, but by one that had seen it. He worked with so much fury and impetuosity, that I really thought he would have broken the block of marble to pieces; knocking off at one stroke great pieces of three or four fingers thick, so near the points that he had fixed, that if he had passed ever so little over them, he would have been in danger of ruining his work, because that cannot be replaced in stone as in stucco and in clay.”

MELANCTHON.

MELANCTHON, (the opponent of Martin Luther) when he went to the Conferences at Spire, in 1529, made a little journey to Bretten so see his mother. The good woman asked him what she must believe, amidst so many disputes, and repeated to him her prayers, which contained nothing superstitious: Go on mother," said he, "to believe and pray as you have done, and never trouble yourself about controversies." The advice of a wise and good

man.

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HOOKER.

It was the misfortune of the great and good Hooker to have an ill-tempered, railing wife, and his Joan seems to have been the copy of Socrates's Zantippe; nor does the christian divine appear inferior to the Pagan philosopher in the complacency with which he bore his domestic troubles. It is related of him, that once, when Mr. Sandys and Mr. Cranmer, who had been his pupils at college, went to visit him, they found him with a Horace in his hand, tending his small allotment of sheep in a common field; which he told them he was forced to do, because his servant was gene home to dine and assist his wife to do some necessary houshold business. When his servant returned to release him, his two pupils attended him to his house, where their best entertainment was his quiet company; which, however, was presently denied them, for Richard (Hooke's christian name) was called to rock the cradle; and the rest of their welcome was so like this, that they staid but till next morning, which was time enough to discover and pity their tutor's condition. And having given him as much present pleasure as their acceptable company and discourse could afford him, they were forced to leave him to the company of his wife Joan, and seek themselves a quieter lodging for next night.

But