Vegetable and Animal Life-Structure of Vegetables-Propagation of Plants-Peculiarities in the vegetable kingdom-Agriculture and Pasturage among the Israelites -Climate and Soil-Tillage, etc.-Harvest and Corngrinding- Cultivation of the Vine-The VintageFruitfulness of the land-Botanical objects mentioned in the Bible.

CHAPTER II.-GRAIN, HERBS, REEDS, ETC.

CHAPTER III.-AROMATIC PLANTS AND SHRUBS.

Camphire-Aloes-Myrtle-Lily-Hyssop-Juniper.

CHAPTER IV. TREES.

-

Scriptural Names-Sacred Groves.-FRUIT TREES:-Apple
or Citron-Almond-Fig-Sycomore-Palm-Olive-
Pomegranate-Vine-Mulberry. - AROMATIC TREES:
-Cedar-Balsam-Cypress-Rose.- WOODY TREES:
-Oak or Terebinthus-Fir. - DOUBTFUL TREES:-
Mustard-Shittah-Box-Gourd-Heath

PART IV.-ZOOLOGY.

INTRODUCTION.-Defective Knowledge of the SubjectSystematic Division of Moses-Animals mentioned in the Bible

CHAPTER I.-DOMESTICATED ANIMALS.

The Elephant-The Camel-The Horse-The Ass-The
Mule -The Ox-The Sheep-The Goat-The Satyr-
The Hog

CHAPTER II. FEROCIOUS WILD BEASTS.

The Lion-The Leopard-The Wolf-The Hyæna-The
Jackal-The Wild Boar-The Bear

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80

83

89

123

129

146

CHAPTER III.-WILD INOFFENSIVE ANIMALS.

The Wild Ass-The Rock Goat-The Antelope-The Hart and the Hind—The Hare-The Coney-The Mouse— The Bat

CHAPTER IV.-DUBIOUS ANIMALS.

The Behemoth-The Leviathan-The Unicorn.

CHAPTER V.-BIRDS.

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157

180

Structure and Sagacity of Birds-Names and Divisions of
Birds.—AIR BIRDS:-The Eagle-The Raven-The
Dove.-LAND BIRDS:-The Ostrich-The Peacock-
The Owl-The Partridge - The Quail. - WATER
BIRDS:-The Crane-The Stork-The Pelican

CHAPTER VI.-FISHES.

Biblical Appellations-Tyrian trade in Fish-Large quantities in the Sea of Galilee

CHAPTER VII.-REPTILES.

Biblical Designations-Mistakes in the English Bible-
Ferret-Frog-Gecko.

CHAPTER VIII.-SERPENTS.

Biblical name characteristic of the species-Adoration of
Serpents Various kinds - Biblical illustrations

Charming of Serpents

Symbolic use of Serpents

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211

213

Fiery Serpents

CHAPTER IX.-INSECTS.

215

Their Rank in animated Nature-Multiplicity and variety
-Wondrous structure of Insects-The Honey Bee-
The Ant-The Locust-The Caterpillar

225

SCRIPTURE DIFFICULTIES, REAL AND IMAGINARY.

PAGE

CHAPTER I.-THE EXISTENCE OF DIFFICULTIES. Difficulties in the biblical text-Analogous difficulties in the natural world - Necessarily existent in bothScience arrayed against Revelation-False attempts to evade Scripture Difficulties-Services rendered by biblical criticism-Additional light constantly thrown on the sacred text- Scripture Difficulties not irreconcilable with Divine Inspiration-Faith and trust in the Bible necessary

CHAPTER II.-THE SOURCES AND CHARACTER OF DIFFI

CULTIES.

The Subjects and objects of divine revelation-Sources of the difficulties existent in the Text-Enumeration of these-How to treat them

CHAPTER III.-UNFAIR TREATMENT OF DIFFICULTIES. Want of candour in opponents of the Bible-How to deal with them-The external evidences of revelation independent of all difficulties -Unity of Nature and Revelation-Deistical requirements for evidences of - The Divine economy in dealing with

Revelation
mankind

CHAPTER IV.-IMAGINARY DIFFICULTIES IN RELATION TO
SCIENCE AND FACT.

Attacks on the Pentateuch as the opening of divine revela-
tion-False representations of its character-The Ger-
man Neologists followed by the English Rationalists-
Bishop Colenso's view of the Pentateuchal Books-
False views in which his infidelity takes its rise-
Proofs of the divine character of the Mosaic writings

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244

254

-Scientific truths and popular language. - GENESIS
AND GEOLOGY: Alleged contradictions between Gen. i.
and ii.-Refutation of the allegation-Astronomy and
the Bible-Light and the measurement of time-The
Firmament, or luminiferous ether-Light and Dark-
ness-The Lights in the firmament

CHAPTER V.-IMAGINARY DIFFICULTIES IN RELATION TO

NUMBERS.

- Institution

Biblical account of the Exodus excepted to
and celebration of the Passover-Alleged number of the
people not antagonistic to natural science or probabi-
lity-Colenso's blunderings-Support of the Israelites'
flocks and herds in the Wilderness-Miraculous cha-
racter of the Israelitish history-Other alleged difficul-
ties in the account of the Exodus-Colenso's rashness
as a critic-The arming of the Israelites at the Exode
-Number of the first-born males - Numbers of the
tribe of Dan-Chronology of the Pentateuch-Age of
the Patriarchs

PAGE

260

. 286

CHAPTER VI.-IMAGINARY DIFFICULTIES IN RELATION TO

MORALITY.

Unfounded Assumptions-Peculiarity of the Israelitish
Theocracy Tests of Morality-Spoiling of the
Egyptians-War on the Midianites-Reasons for the
treatment of the Midianites Extirpation of the
Canaanites Colenso's difficulties - Plagues, Earth-
quakes, Famines, etc.-Hebrew Slavery

CHAPTER VII.-SUMMARY AND RECAPITULATION.
Historico-Scientific Argument for the truth of the Biblical
narratives - Geology, Physiology, Ethnology, Geo-
graphy-Reserve of the written revelation analogous
to that of the material Creation -Man's duty and
privilege-Recapitulation

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347