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Ierusalem, the twentith daie of March, in the yeare 1413, and in the yeare of his age 46: when he had reigned thirteene yeares, fiue moneths, and od daies, in great perplexitie and little pleasure."

(XII) King Henry the Fourth's preparations for a Crusade.

"In this fourteenth and last yeare of king Henries reigne, a councell was holden in the white friers in London; at the which, among other things, order was taken for ships and gallies to be builded and made readie, and all other things necessarie to be prouided for a voiage which he meant to make into the holie land, there to recouer the citie of Ierusalem from the Infidels . . . The morrow after Candlemas daie began a parlement, which he had called at London, but he departed this life before the same parlement was ended: for now that his prouisions were readie, and that he was furnished with sufficient treasure, soldiers, capteins, vittels, munitions, tall ships, strong gallies, and all things necessarie for such a roiall iournie as he pretended to take into the holie land, he was eftsoones taken with a sore sicknesse, which was not a leprosie, striken by the hand of God (saith maister Hall) as foolish friers imagined; but a verie apoplexie, of the which he languished till his appointed houre, and had none other greefe nor maladie."

(XIII) Death of King Henry the Fourth in the Jerusalem Chamber, Westminster.

"We find, that he was taken with his last sicknesse, while he was making his praiers at saint Edwards shrine, there as it were to take his leaue, and so to proceed foorth on his iournie : he was so suddenlie and greeuouslie taken, that such as were about him, feared lest he would haue died presentlie; wherfore to releeue him (if it were possible) they bare him into a chamber that was next at hand, belonging to the abbat of Westminster, where they laid him on a pallet before the fire, and vsed all remedies to reuiue him. At length, he recouered his speech, and, vnderstanding and perceiuing himselfe in a strange place which he knew not, he willed to know if the chamber had anie particular name; wherevnto answer was made, that it was called Ierusalem. Then said the king: 'Lauds be giuen to the father of heauen, for now I know that

I shall die heere in this chamber; according to the prophesie of me declared, that I should depart this life in Ierusalem.'"

(XIV) King Henry the Fifth and the Lord Chief Justice.

". . . in their places he chose men of grauitie, wit, and high policie, by whose wise counsell he might at all times rule to his honour and dignitie; calling to mind how once, to hie offense of the king his father, he had with his fist striken the cheefe iustice for sending one of his minions (vpon desert) to prison: when the iustice stoutlie commanded himselfe also streict to ward, & he (then prince) obeied."

(XV) King Henry the Fifth Summons a Parliament.

"Immediatlie after Easter he called a parlement, in which diuerse good statutes, and wholesome ordinances, for the preseruation and aduancement of the commonwealth were deuised and established."

(XVI) Coronation of King Henry the Fifth.

"He was crowned the ninth of Aprill, being Passion sundaie, which was a sore, ruggie, and tempestuous day, with wind, snow, and sleet; that men greatlie maruelled thereat, making diuerse interpretations what the same might signifie. But this king euen at first appointing with himselfe, to shew that in his persone princelie honors should change publike manners, he determined to put on him the shape of a new man. For whereas aforetime he had made himselfe a companion vnto misrulie mates of dissolute order and life, he now banished them all from his presence (but not vnrewarded, or else vnpreferred); inhibiting them vpon a great paine, not once to approch, lodge, or soiourne within ten miles (cf. v. v. 66) of his court or presence;

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(XVII) Character of King Henry the Fourth.

"This king was of a meane stature, well proportioned, and formallie compact; quicke and liuelie, and of a stout courage. In his latter daies he shewed himselfe so gentle, that he gat more loue amongst the nobles and people of this realme, than he had purchased malice and euill will in the beginning.

"But yet to speake a truth, by his proceedings, after he

had atteined to the crowne, what with such taxes, tallages, subsidies, and exactions as he was constreined to charge the people with; and what by punishing such as, mooued with disdeine to see him vsurpe the crowne (contrarie to the oth taken at his entring into this land, vpon his returne from exile), did at sundrie times rebell against him; he wan himselfe more hatred, than in all his life time (if it had beene longer by manie yeares than it was) had beene possible for him to haue weeded out & remooued."

FROM JOHN STOW'S CHRONICLES OF ENGLand.

King Henry the Fourth's Last Counsels to Prince Henry.

"After this (in 1412). . . the king gaue to his sonne the Prince, diuerse notable doctrines, & insignments, among which eruditions, one is this: the King lying grieuously diseased, called before him the Prince his sonne, & sayd vnto him: My sonne, I feare me sore after my departure from this life, some discord shall grow & arise betweene thee and thy brother Thomas Duke of Clarence, whereby the realme may be brought to destruction and miserie, for I knowe you both to be of greate stomacke and courage. Wherefore I feare that he throughe his high mynde wyll make some enterprise against thee, intending to vsurpe vpon thee, whiche I knowe thy stomacke maye not abyde easily. . . . To these wordes of the Kyng the Prince aunsweared thus: Right redoubted Lorde and Father to the pleasure of God your grace shall long continue with vs, and rule vs both but if God haue so prouided that euer I shall succeede you in thys Realme, I shall honour and loue my brethren aboue all menne, as long as they be to me true, faythfull and obediente, as to theyr soueraigne Lord. . . . "The King hearing thys aunsweare, was therewith maruellouslye reioyced in hys mynde."

FROM JOHN STOW'S ANNALes of England.

Prince Henry and the Chief-Justice.

"The renowned prince king Henry the fift, during the life of his father, was noted to be fierce, & of wanton courage. It hapned that one of his seruants, whom he fauored, was for

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felony by him committed, arraigned at the kings bench, whereof the prince being aduertised, and incensed by light persons about him, in furious rage came hastily to the bar, where his seruant stood as prisoner, and commanded him to be vngiued and set at libertie, whereat all men were abashed, reserued the Chiefe Iustice, who humbly exhorted the prince to be ordered according to the ancient laws of the realme, or if he would haue him saued from the rigor of the lawes, that he should obtaine if he might of the king his father, his gracious pardon, whereby no law or iustice should be derogate. With the which answere the prince nothing appeased, but rather more inflamed, indeuoured himselfe to take away his seruant. Judge, considering the perillous example and inconueniencie that might thereby ensue, with a valiant spirit & courage, commanded the prince vpon his allegiance to leaue the prisoner, and to depart his way with which commandement, the prince being set all in a fury, all chafed, and in a terrible maner came vp to the place of iudgement, men thinking that he would haue slaine the Judge, or haue done to him some domage, but the Judge sitting still, without moouing, declaring the maiestie of the kings place of iudgement, and with an assured bold countenance, had to the prince these words following: Sir, remember your selfe, I keep here the place of the king your soueraigne lord and father, to whom you owe double obeisance, wherefore eftsoones in his name I charge you desist off your wilfulnes and vnlawful enterprise, & from hencefoorth giue good example to those which hereafter shall be your proper subiects and now for your contempt and disobedience, go you to the prison of the kings bench, whereunto I commit you, and remain you there prisoner vntil the pleasure of the king your father be further known. With which words being abashed, and also wondering at the maruellous grauitie of that worshipfull Justice, the prince layeng his weapon apart, doing reuerence, departed, and went to the kings bench as he was commanded. Whereat his seruants disdaining, came & shewed to the king all the whole affaire. Whereat he a while studieng, after, as a man all rauished with gladnes, holding his hands and eies towards heauen, abraid with a lowde voice: O mercifull God! how much am I bound to thy infinit goodnes, especially for that thou hast giuen me a Judge, who feareth not to minister iustice, and also a sonne, who can suffer semblably and obey iustice."

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This passage, which was taken almost verbatim from Sir Thomas Elyot's Gouernour (1531), adds some graphic touches to Holinshed's account of the insult offered by the Prince of Wales to the Chief-Justice and of the impartial justice with which the latter committed the Prince to prison. It contains, moreover, the speech of King Henry IV., quoted by his successor in the present play, commending alike the fearlessness of the Judge and the dutiful submission of the heir to the throne. Elyot is the earliest known authority for the story of Prince Henry's rudeness to the Chief-Justice, which is, however, probably apocryphal. The incident of the blow first appeared in Robert Redman's Vita Henrici V., written between 1536 and 1544, where the Prince is said to have been punished by banishment from the Court, and by being superseded in the Council by the Duke of Clarence (see 1 Henry IV. III. ii. 32, 33).

It remains to be said that it has been shown by Mr. F. Solly-Flood that there is no record in the Rotuli coram Rege and the Controlment rolls-which are perfect throughout the reign of Henry IV.—of Prince Henry's commitment for any offence. The story may have originated, Mr. Solly-Flood suggests, with an incident in the reign of Edward I., when the first Prince of Wales committed a similar offence to that with which Prince Henry is charged by Elyot, and was given a punishment resembling that, which, according to Redman, Prince Henry suffered for striking the Chief-Justice.

DURATION OF ACTION

Mr. P. A. Daniel, in the Transactions of the New Shakespeare Society, 1877-79, summarized the results of an investigation into the duration of the action of the play as follows:

Day 1.

Day 1a.
Day 2.

Time-Analysis.

Act I. i. Warkworth. Lord Bardolph with
Northumberland. Interval: time for Lord
Bardolph to join the Archbishop at York.

Act I. ii.

Act I. iii.

Falstaff in London.

York. Lord Bardolph with the Archbishop and confederates. While this scene takes place at York we may suppose that in Act II. iii. Northumberland resolves for Scot

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