ALIKE. 1. Those children look alike (adj.). 2. He treats all alike (adv.). BEFORE. 1. He went before (adv.) as a guide. 2. He went before (prep.) the company. 3. Washington died before (conj. adv.) my grandfather was born. BETTER. 1. James is a better (adj.) scholar than John. 2. Mary can write better (adv.) than Susan. 3. They scorn their betters (n.). 4. "Love betters (v.) what is best." BY. 1. He passed by (adv.) on the other side. 2. He went by (prep.) the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. CLOSE. 1. This room is too close (adj.). 2. He followed close (adv.) behind. EXCEPT. 1. He did not except (v.) against any of the terms of the proposed treaty. 2. Except (conj.) the Lord build the house, they labor in vain that build it. 3. We could see nothing except (prep.) the sky. FAR. 1. He came from a far (adj.) country. 2. He came from far (n.). 3. He is far (adv.) from home. FAREWELL. 1. He bade his friends a last farewell (n.). 2. The pastor preached a farewell (adj.) sermon. 3. "Fare well!" (interj.). HARD. 1. This is hard (adj.) work. 2. He works hard (adv.). HOWEVER. 1. The patient must take the medicine, however (adv.) unpalatable it may be. 2. That event, however (conj.), can never happen. ILL. 1. It is an ill (adj.) wind that blows nobody good. 2. The prisoners fared very ill (adv.). 3. The ill (n.) that can't be cured must be endured. NOTWITHSTANDING. 1. He helped the poor, notwithstanding (prep.) his own poverty. 2. The teacher is kind, notwithstanding (conj.) he is strict. ONCE. 1. Please favor me just this once (n.). 2. I visit my parents once (adv.) a year. ONLY. 1. He was an only (adj.) son. 2. You are not in earnest; you are only (adv.) pretending. OVER. 1. We passed over (prep.) the bridge. 2. The army passed over (adv.). 3. For lo! the winter is past, the rain is over (adj.) and gone. RIGHT. 1. I claim my right (n.). 2. He does not pursue the right (adj.) course. 3. A bishop is styled Right (adv.) Reverend. SAVE. 1. Save (v.), Lord, or I perish. 2. And that no man might buy or sell, save (conj.) he that had the mark. 3. He had no weapon save (prep.) a sword. So. 1. Why are you so (adv.) vain ? 2. As in Adam all die, so (conj.) in Christ shall all be made alive. TILL. 1. The money is in the till (n.). 2. Farmers till (v.) the ground. 3. We will remain till (prep.) Monday. 4. I will wait till (conj. adv.) you come. WHEN. 1. Since when (n.) has he been gone? 2. When (adv.) did he come? 3. When (conj. adv.) I was in Washington, I visited the president. WHILE. 1. It is not worth while (n.) to engage in such trifling pursuits. 2. We will while (v.) away an hour or two. 3. I wrote a letter while (conj. adv.) waiting for the train. WORSE. 1. In getting married, the parties take each other for better or for worse (n.). 2. The patient is worse (adj.). 3. He might do worse (adv.). ARTICLE XXII. TRANSPOSITION. REMARKS.-1. When the words of a sentence are arranged according to the order of thought, the words are said to be arranged according to their natural order. 2. When the words of a sentence are arranged according to the requirements of idiomatic usage, the words are said to be arranged in their grammatical order. 3. When a word or clause of a sentence is shifted from its natural position to a place where it does not naturally belong, the word or clause is said to be transposed. 4. When a word or clause which would naturally stand first is placed last, or when a word or clause which would naturally stand last is placed first, the order of the words or clauses is said to be inverted. 5. In the English language, the grammatical arrangement of words usually coincides with the natural; but they do not always coincide. Thus, Where is my hat? is a grammatical arrangement, while My hat is where? would be the natural arrangement of the same words. SUGGESTION. In all examples of transposed or inverted sentences, let the pupil arrange the words and clauses in their natural order before parsing the sentences. Section 1. The verb is sometimes placed first by inversion, and the subject nominative last. 1. Where is my hat? EXAMPLES. NATURAL ORDER. My hat is where? 2. Whence comes this sound? 3. How stands the account? 4. Why shrinks the soul Back on herself, and startles at destruction? -Addison. 5. Burned Marmion's swarthy cheek like fire.—Scott. 6. And dar'st thou, then, To beard the lion in his den?-Scott. 7. Cromwell, I charge thee fling away ambition ; By this sin fell the angels.-Shakspeare. 8. But yonder comes the powerful king of day, Rejoicing in the east.-Thomson. 9. Great is Diana of the Ephesians. NATURAL ORDER. Diana of the Ephesians is great. 10. There came to the beach a poor exile of Erin.— Campbell. 11. 12. Sounds the busy deck With notes of preparation.- Wilson. With a low, insidious moan, Rush past the gales that harbinger thy sway.— 13. Gloom the murky clouds Darker around, and heave the maddening waves 14. So spake the grisly terror.- Milton. 15. I went to a bright room, where were music, and dancing, and sweet flowers. 16. Henceforth there is laid up for me a crown of righteousness. |