Self-Esteem.-This organ lies at the crown of the head just above the sagittal angle of the parietal bones. When large, the head runs upward and backward from the ear in this direction. It can be readily found by noticing that it lies on the middle line, and in the superior part of the back of the head, and never occupies any portion of the head which looks directly upward.

Constructiveness takes its direction from the other faculties. | lower animals; others are peculiar to man. The former are Combined with large Weight, it leads to machine-making; with styled the Inferior Sentiments: of them I shall treat first. I Ideality and Form, to statuary; with these and Color, to painting. shall begin with Compare these heads; in this, of Franklin, it is small; in this, of Canova, very large. The development is greater in the European than in the Malay or Negro, and he is well known to have more constructive talent than either. It is very small, as you see, in the New-Hollander, and of all mankind they are the least constructive. When visited by Capt. Cook, they were naked, built no houses, and had no implements of agriculture, fishing or hunting. They were destitute, in short, of every art But for this organ, man, placed as he is in a universe of which can add comfort or decency to life, depending for a sub-worlds, surrounded by objects vast and magnificent, would be sistence on spontaneous vegetation, and the fishes which are apt to have an overwhelming idea of his own insignificance, left by the tide among the rocks. Compare this skull with that and exclaim, despondingly, 'What is man, O Lord, that thou of an Italian; how enormous the difference in favor of the lat-art mindful of him? This organ was necessary to give him ter! This Italian skull, known to be at least two hundred years old, was supposed to be that of Raphael, and was preserved as such in St. Luke's academy at Rome; but as Raphael's skull has been recently discovered, objectors say that this mistake refutes Phrenology. All that they can make of the case, however, is, that it did not belong to Raphael, but to somebody else remarkable for Constructiveness, Ideality, Form, Comparison and Causality; and that Raphael's skull, remarkable also for these, is in conformity with his well known character. Compare this, the head of Napoleon, in whom Constructiveness was small, with this, the head of Brunel, the celebrated engineer of the Gall discovered this organ by noticing the head of a beggar of Thames Tunnel, and the inventor of machinery for making extraordinary manners. This beggar was the son of a rich blocks for the rigging of ships by means of steam. Here the merchant from whom he had inherited a considerable fortune, organ is very large, and this is in other respects a very superior but was so proud that he thought it beneath him to apply to busihead. The organ is very large, too, in Haydon, the great his-ness, either for the preservation of his paternal fortune or the torical painter of England. Contrast the development in his acquisition of a new one. Gall moulded his head, and on exhead to the cast of Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd. Contrast it again amining it with attention found the organ of Cautiousness small, in Wilkie and Wm. Pitt. Here is the head of Sir Wm. Hers-with a small head in general, but this part much developed. chell, in whom it is very large, and the construction of a superior telescope was the principal foundation of his fame.

razor.

due importance in his own eyes, to impart that degree of satis faction with self which leaves the mind open to the enjoyment of the bounties of Providence and the amenities of life; it inspires us with that confidence in our own powers which is essential to every great achievement, and even to the proper appli cation of our faculties in the every-day business of life. Some have expressed their surprise that there should be an organ for esteeming one's self, seeing that humility is a virtue; but they forget that humility is the opposite of arrogance, not of proper self-esteem.

He pursued his inquiries and finally established the organ.

This organ is of great service to operative surgeons, to engravers, to cabinet makers, to tailors and dress-makers. We find some men who for want of it cannot mend a pen nor sharpen a This was the case with a friend of mine in Edinburgh. You perceive it small in the Rev. Mr. Martin, who was bred a watch-maker, but finding no interest in the employment, he gave it up and turned preacher. Lucian and Socrates renounced sculpture. On the other hand, we often find men whom circum-ment. stances have prevented from following their natural inclination, and whose occupations do not lead them to its exercise, occupying themselves with mechanics as a pastime and amusement. An eminent Scotch barrister told me that in the very act of composing a pleading on the most abstruse question of law, vivid conceptions of mechanical improvements would dart into his mind, and that he often had to leave his employment to embody them in a diagram in order to get rid of the intruders. Leopold I, Peter the Great, and Louis XVI constructed locks. The late Lord President Blair had this organ large, and he had a private workshop in which he constructed pieces of mechanism.

This organ is very differently developed in different nations. I before showed you the skull of a New-Hollander. This is the skull of an ancient Greek, in which it is very large; and this is the case with almost all I have seen. The organ is larger in the Italians and the French than in the Scotch and English, and they manifest greater constructive ingenuity.

The organ is very large in this cast, which was given to me at Boston. The head, you perceive, is very long upward and backward from the ear. I was told that the gentleman whose head it represents manifests the feeling to a most ridiculous extent. Love of Approbation lies on the sides of Self-Esteem. When large it gives remarkable fullness and breadth to the upper and back part of the head. I will present some heads to you in which these two organs are in various states of developThis is the Boston head, in which Self-Esteem is large and Love of Approbation small. This is the head of Mrs. Aldin, in which Self-Esteem is small and Love of Approbation large. This is the head of the Rev. Mr. Martin, in which both organs are large. Here are three others: this is the head of an Irish soldier who shot three men; in it Self-Esteem is very large and Love of Approbation very small. This is the head of Francols Gordonnier, the French poet, in which Self-Esteem is small and Love of Approbation very large. This is the head of Sheridan, in which both organs are large. This is the head of Pope Alexander VI, in which Self-Esteem is very large: contrast it with the development in this, the head of Melancthon, în which it is small; here you perceive, too, splendid moral and intellectual regions.

The proper development of Self-Esteem is an essential element in a great character; but when too large it produces arrogance, superciliousness and selfishness, and in children pettishness and wilfulness of temper. The man of inordinate SelfEsteem sees every thing through the medium of self. He is a world unto himself, to which all things must concentrate. He

Constructiveness is sometimes large when Intellect is deficient. Thus, some of the cretins of Switzerland are employed in making watches. Dr. Rush mentions two cases in which ais a standard to which the manners, morals and opinions of talent for design had unfolded itself during a fit of insanity. And he adds, that there is no insane hospital in which examples are not found of constructive talent suddenly developing itself during their insane condition.

The natural language of Constructiveness is to turn the head sidewise, in the direction of the organ. Dr. Spurzheim remarked that women in whom it is large, when entering a milli. ner's shop turn their heads on one side toward the article they are examining. I have observed that children with it large, in learning to write, move their heads with their pens, and delight in flourishes; while those with it small will hold their heads still and upright, and write stiff, plain hands. This is a hint to writing-masters to let the heads of their pupils alone, for their instinctive movement or position will best aid the mind and the hand. Sentiments. We now come to that genus of the faculties called Sentiments. Some of these are common to man and the

others ought, he thinks, to conform. This feeling in predomi nance is to a great extent the fountain of that intolerant zeal so frequently manifested by professing christians on behalf of their sectarian views. "There is no grace," says Cowper, "that the spirit of self can counterfeit with more success than a religious zeal. A man thinks he is fighting for his own notions. He thinks he is skilfully searching the hearts of others, when he is only gratifying the malignity of his own, and charitably supposes his hearers destitute of all grace, that he may shine the more in his own eyes by comparison. When he has performed this notable task, he wonders that they are not converted: he has given it to them soundly, and if they do not tremble, and confess that God is in him of a truth, he gives them up as reprobate, incorrigible, and lost forever." This is a fine description of a minister who depresses his hearers that he may himself be exalted.

There is at this time a great war going on in my own country between two religious parties, one of which has certain endow ments which the other thinks it ought not to have. A minister of the established church, making a speech at one of their meet. ings, maintained that the true religion should be endowed; "But," said he, "it is asked, which is the true religion? I an. swer, ours is the true religion." This assertion, which was merely an amusing manifestation of Self-Esteem, was received with loud applause.

with a passion for uniques. It has been said that but three farthings were coined during Queen Ann's reign. This combination would prompt its possessor to give one hundred pounds for one of these farthings, and one thousand if the other two were destroyed.

Self-Esteem is the foundation of that love of distinction and of titles which is so common in my own country, and from which this country is by no means free.

When diseased, the organ leads the patients to consider themselves great personages, as kings, queens, generals, great poets, or even as God himself. It is larger in men than women; and the former are more liable than the latter to insanity frem pride, Its natural language is a strut in the gait, a lofty carriage of the head, and a repulsive manner and tone of voice. When much excited, it draws the head back. You see the natural language expressed in the most striking manner in this caricature of Louis XVIII. It was printed at the time that there was a contection between this king and the people about a charter. The French, very reasonably in my opinion, thought that France belonged to them, and that they had a right to form their own charter. Louis

The person in whom this organ is too small, lacks proper self-confidence. He is often unable to pursue even a virtuous course, through diffidence of his own judgment. Inferior talents, combined with a strong endowment of Self-Esteem, are often crowned with far higher success than more splendid abilities joined with this sentiment feebly developed. Dr. Adam Smith remarks that it is better to have too much than too little of this feeling; because, if we pretend to more than we are entitled to, the world will give us credit for at least what we possess; whereas, if we pretend to less, we shall be taken at our word, and mankind will rarely have the justice to raise us to our true merit. Self-Esteem is an essential element in censoriousness. Per-thought that France belonged to him, and he out of the plenitude sons in whom it is large are often found discussing the characters of his condescension would bestow a charter upon them. They of others, and degrading them. It is the fancied superiority of revenged themselves by drawing him in this attitude with about self which produces the enjoyment of detraction. They take as much contempt in his face and manner as if he were giving their neighbors down a peg that themselves may appear a peg to a dog a bone. I mentioned, that before the Rev. Edward Irhigher. Envy is the result of Self-Esteem and Destructiveness.ving became distinguished, in fact while he was yet a student, The one is offended at the superior happiness, excellence, I examined his head and found very large Self-Esteem and wealth or station of others, and Destructiveness hates them for Wonder. This represents him in the pulpit: you see he is it. It is this organ which renders true the saying, that we al-drawn back in the attitude of self-importance. It is easy to per ways find something to console us for the misfortunes of our ceive that he is winding up a period in which he tells his hearers neighbors,' This organ is extremely active in society. In my that he has done his duty, and that if they will go to perdition, own country the learned professions look down upon and despise their blood will be on their own head. Here is the full-length the merchants as a plodding set, and the merchants look down portrait of a lady: her erect and composed attitude indicates upon the doctors and despise them for their poverty. The whole-the presence of this organ. At the close of a battle between two sale dealers look down upon the retail dealers, and these look down upon the handicrafts-and the men of title look down up on and despise all. These are strange fantastic tricks, from the spirit of which this country is by no means free.

cocks, you see the abasement and exaltation of this organ. The one slinks away with his head down, and the other stretches up his head and proudly struts while issuing a victorious crow. Self-abasement bows the head into a direction contrary to that of Self-Esteem, as in this beautiful representation of our Saviour, who is supposed to be saying: 'Thy will be done."

Love of Approbation.--I have pointed out the direction of this organ, and presented to you a number of specimens. Dr. Gall met with a woman in a lunatic asylum who fancied herself the Queen of France. He expected to find the region of Self-Es teem largely developed, but instead there was a distinct below and a large round protuberance on each side. This at first caused him much embarrassment. But he soon perceived that this woman's insanity differed much from that of men alienated

Predominent Self-Esteem is a foe to advancement, rendering men quite satisfied with themselves, and with whatever belongs to them. An eminent phrenologist sailed as a passenger from the Clyde to a foreign port. In the captain of the vessel SelfEsteem was very large, and Reflection and Conscientiousness deficient. He said that when he first saw this vessel he estimated her very lightly, but that after commanding her a while he thought her the best ship belonging to the Clyde. This was evidently because she had become his vessel. Madame de Staël describes the effect of inordinate Self-Esteem on even a powerful mind. He spent his time,' she remarks, in admiring the as-through pride. The latter affected a masculine majesty, and tonishing magnificence of his own abilities and attainments.' This organ and Benevolence large, give a solemn, good-natured, patronizing air. Men possessing this combination are apt to address others with the epithets, My good sir,' My good fellow,' and the like.

Self-Esteem is large in the North American Indians, who are remarkable for pride and personal dignity. It is large in the English and Americana, and is the foundation of that love of liberty which characterizes this arrogant and turbulent race. It is large in the Hindoos, who think themselves the wisest people in the world, but have no other quality that inspires love of liberty. It produces that egotism, that proneness to use the emphatic I-I did this; I said that '-which characterizes the discourse of some people. During the wars of the French revolulution, when the British nation were struggling for existence against all Europe, excluded from the continent, and mostly confined to their island, their patriotism was invoked in all modes, and their Self-Esteem continually stimulated. They thus learned to consider themselves the only civilized people in the world, and were greatly astonished on visiting the continent after the peace, to find any great, good and amiable quality as abundant elsewhere as at home.

were grave, calm, imperious, elevated, arrogant. This woman, on the contrary, manifested a restless frivolity, an inexhaustible talkativeness, affected forwardness, eagerness to announce high birth and boundless riches, promises of favor and honor. She solicited attention, and strove by every means to obtain admiration. From that time he perceived the difference between SelfEsteem and Love of Approbation.

Love of Approbation is the drill-sergeant of society, and admonishes us when we depart too widely from the line of march of our fellows. It is the butt, too, on which wit strikes, and which enables ridicule to shame us out of faults and improprieties. When excessive, it craves for compliments, and is the enemy to independence. It is led by fashion, and ever asks, before adopting a course of conduct, what will the world think of it? A person in whom it is excessive, gives openly, that he may receive praise. He feels rebuffs keenly, and a thousand things occasion excessive pain which pass over one in whom Self-Esteem is large without exciting attention. In the French, Love of Approbation is predominant, and they think the English cold, haughty and arrogant. In the English, Self-Esteem is predominant, and they think the French low-spirited, fawning and trifling.

Self-Esteem often restrains men from forming improper con Love of Approbation combined with Benevolence, produces nections; it inspires with the dislike of every thing mean and politeness and desire to please; with Self-Esteem, love of fame; Contemptible in behavior. Combined with Acquisitiveness and with Alimentiveness, it leads men to boast of feats in eating and small Benevolence, it produces a disposition to acquire and keep drinking, producing the four-bottle men, whom Lord Chesterproperty, and make misers; with Acquisitiveness, Love of Ap-field in charity calls liars, because, if he believed them, he should probation, Ideality and Form, it leads people to collect and exhibit statues; with these and Color, to collections of paintings; with Acquisitiveness, Love of Approbation, and Eventuality,

call them beasts. Combined with Ideality without large latel lect, it produces love of dress and ornament, and ambition to lead the fashions; with Ideality and Constructiveness, love of

school, the governess of which was very particular about the manners of her pupils; and among other things, she taught the young ladies that they were to lean their heads over the left shoulder. In my young relative, Self-Esteem and Firmness were rather large, and consequently it was natural for her to hold her head erect. She did her best, however, to follow di

works of art. Combined with Language, it produces a fondness A young lady, a relative of my own, went to a boardingfor composition, for love of fame as an author; with Acquisitiveness, it produces admiration of wealth; with Combativeness, and an otherwise low organization, it forms the bully, who loves to be considered the best fighter in his neighborhood. The organ is very large in the American Indians; and the love of decorations and ornaments, whether these consist of stars, garters and medals, or of tattooed faces, bored noses and eagles' feath-rections; but after sitting for some time with her head on one ers, springs from it. We find some men who are apt to captivate us very quickly by their attentive and respectful manner, but we often find in a while that all is not gold that glitters. We learn that all their attentions are bestowed for the purpose of obtaining approbation and praise for themselves.

Dr. Gall draws with great accuracy the distinction between Pride, which is an abuse of Self-Esteem, and Vanity, which is an abuse of the organ of which we are now treating. "The proud man," says he, "is imbued with a sentiment of his own superior merit, and from the summit of his grandeur, treats with contempt or indifference all other mortals; the vain man attaches the utmost importance to the opinions entertained of him by others, and seeks with eagerness to gain their approbation. The proud man expects the world will come to him and acknowledge his merit; the vain man knocks at every door to draw attention toward him, and supplicates for the smallest portion of honor. The proud man despises those marks of distinc. tion which on the rain confer the most perfect delight. The proud man is disgusted by indiscreet eulogiums; the vain man in hales with ecstasy the incense of flattery, although profusely offered, and with no very skilful hand."

The diversified forms in which its activity appears are well
exposed in the following lines of Young's' Love of Fame:'
The love of praise, howe'er concealed by art,
Reigns more or less in every human heart:
The proud, to gain it, toil on toil endure;
The modest shun it but to make it sure.
O'er globes and sceptres, now on thrones it swells-
Now trims the midnight lamp in college-cells;
'Tis Tory, Whig; it plots, prays, preaches, pleads;
Harangues in senates, squeaks in masquerades;
It aids the dancer's heel, the writer's head-
And heaps the plain with mountains of the dead-
Nor ends with life, but nods in sable plumes,
Adorns our hearse, and flutters on our tombs.'

side, she took a kink in her neck, and had to resume her natural position. She would then get a scolding, would again try to hold her head in the required position, but the kink would again come; and finally the governess gave up the attempt, remarking that she got on very well in every thing else, but that she was excessively awkward and incorrigibly vulgar. I subsequently saw this lady, and remarked that in her head Love of Approbation was enormous, and that she naturally threw her head in this position; and because it was natural to her, she conceived it to be the beau ideal of graceful position.

Cautiousness.-This organ is situated near the middle of the parietal bone, where ossification generally commences, beneath what are called the parietal protuberances. Compare these skulls: This was picked up on the plain of Waterloo; you see that it seems truncated. This is a common Scotch female skull, in which it is very large. In this, the skull of a Cingalese boy, the size is immense.

This organ is the fountain of fear, or the instinct of self-preservation. Gall was struck by the extreme irresolution of a clergyman of Vienna, who could never decide upon any thing. A few days afterward, at an examination of a public school, this clergyman sat beside a Counsellor of State, of the same irresolute character, and so proverbial for his indecision as to have received the nick-name of Cacadubio. Dr. Gall sat imme. diately behind them, and observed the great projection of their heads in this region. Conceiving that Indecision and Circumspection might be connected with this particular part of the brain, he pursued his investigations, and soon verified his conjecture.

Fear appears to me to be the primitive feeling of this organ. Fear cannot be the absence of courage, as it is a positive emotion, which the negation of a quality cannot produce. The tendency of this sentiment is to make the individual apprehend danger, to make him keep a constant look-out, to hesitate before he acts, and to look to consequences, that he may be as sured of safety. A full development is essential to a prudent

This passage is imbued with the very soul and spirit of the faculty.character. This faculty is too much cultivated in education, by being al- When the organ is too large, it produces a wavering, doubting, most universally appealed to as the chief stimulus to exertion undecided disposition, and may occasion an absolute incapacity and good behavior. It is only where improper subjects are for vigorous and decided conduct. A great and involuntary taught, or proper ones are taught improperly, that such an ap-activity of it constitutes panic, in which the mind is hurried peal is required. In excessive activity it prompts to the equivo. away by an irresistible emotion of fear. I have noticed that it is cation, not at home,' when the person is otherwise engaged. almost invariably large in children, and we must all admire this It, as well as Self-Esteem, prompts to the use of the first person: providential arrangement. It is a guardian better than fifty but its tone is that of courteous solicitation, while that of Self-nurses, and the place of which no external care can supply. A Esteem is arrogant and presumptuous.

When this organ is deficient, the individual cares little for the opinion of others; and if the selfish propensities predominate, the combination produces what are called 'impracticable' men, whose whole feelings are concentrated on self. Rebuffs and indignities never affect them. Free from restraints of delicacy, they practise upon the benevolence, the friendship, the interest of others, and often achieve their ends in spite of obstacles which to a sensitive mind would have been insurmountable.

boy of six years of age, in whom it was very small, took off his clothes, and was about to jump into an old quarry full of water after his cap, which had been blown into it, when he was stopped by a passer-by. His mother was continually in alarm about him; danger he seemed incapable of comprehending. The boy subsequently died; and the mother, after the first emotions of grief were over, expressed her thankfulness that he had passed away.

success. A person so organized seems to think that all desirable things will come unsought. He is subject, however, to keen visitations of disappointment; Hope does not fulfil her promises, and a pang follows. Elasticity is, however, soon regained, another alluring object presents itself, which, in its turn, eludes

When this organ is small, and Hope large, the future seems We have in our country an interesting class, called dandies, full of joy and gladness; there is a confident looking forward which I perceive you are not without. In these, Love of Ap-for brilliant success, with, too often, a neglect of the means of probation is, in general, predominant; and I have almost always found them, at bottom, to be polite, obliging, and good-natured. This faculty is, however, more active in women than in men, and a greater number of them become insane from this feeling. The natural language of this feeling is to carry the head backward, and a little to the side; it imparts to the voice a soft, soli-the grasp. citing tone, clothes the countenance in smiles, and produces in the lips that elegant line of beauty which resembles Apollo's bow. You see the natural language well manifested in this drawing. A lady, after I had delivered this lecture on one occa-cipation which are never realized in fact. sion, told me that she was surprised at my considering women more vain than men, when the latter might be seen with long, curled hair, their heads turned to one side, and a little cocked upward, walking about in the most affected manner. I mention this, that both sides may be heard.

When Cautiousness is large and Hope small, the present cannot be enjoyed, on account of fearful forebodings. The future seems dark and cheerless, and evils are suffered by anti

It may be diseased; in fact, in the old country it is more often diseased than any other organ. When it is so, it gives most fearful apprehensions. A lady, in whom it was morbidly affected, rose thirteen times in one night to see if her children were alive. In this case, Philoprogenitiveness also was large. When the

organ is in this diseased condition, people often try to laugh the patient out of the notion. They might as well try to laugh them out of the tooth-ache. The rational way is to subject him to a course of moral and physical treatment adapted to the peculiarities of his case.

them; but on their return they found, with horror and surprise,

that he had not done so.

NATIONAL MELODIES OF AMERICA;

The poetry by George P. Morris, Esq., adapted and arranged by
Chas. E. Horn. Part I. New York, Davis & Horn: 1839.

In Dr. Dodd, who was executed for forgery, this organ, as you perceive, is very small. Compare it with this of the Rev. Mr. Men whose energies have been successfully directed Martin, or this of king Robert Bruce. Dr. Dodd committed forgery on the Earl of Chesterfield. He was brought up for to the development of our mental or physical reexamination privately, and his case excited very painful sensa-sources, to bring into action the elements of prosper. tions. All the persons got up and went out of the room, inity, and in advancing their country in the scale of nawhich there was a fire, leaving Dr. Dodd with the papers by tions,-seldom fail to receive their reward. Fame and which alone he could be convicted, hoping that he would destroy emolument are the certain fruit of exertions, the results of which are seen in national greatness and individual wealth. But labors, the tendency of which is to elevate and refine, to add to our domestic enjoyments and cheer our solitude, are often treated with contempt while they awaken our sympathies, and held up as frivolous while they excite our admiration. The accumulation of wealth and its attendant honors, hold out the greatest incentive to the exertion of our powers. The quiet and unobtrusive student glides unnoticed through the crowd, and the satisfaction which arises from his suc cess is too often the only reward for years of great exertion and weary solicitude. The influence which he exercises is unseen in its operation and silent and slow in its progress. He rears no imposing monument to perpetuate his fame, his only road to distinction lies through the intricate mazes of popular favor, and he often passes through life unrewarded and neglected, leaving to his heirs the fruits of his labors, and to posterity the vindication of his name.

In many animals, this region is found in a state of high activity, and is always larger in the female than in the male. This was noticed by Gall, and is corroborated by Captain Franklin and others. This organ is large in the Hindoos, who, with Combativeness small, are remarkably timid; and in the North American Indians, who, with large Destructiveness and small Combativeness, make war by stratagem. It was small in the skull of the soldier in New Holland who killed and ate seven men. When combined with large Vitativeness, it produces habitual fear of death. Combined with large Acquisitiveness and Self-Esteem, it produces general caution and slowness in business; the individual saves, and is content with small and secure profits. If Cautiousness be small and Acquisitiveness large, the consequence is rash speculation. When large in children, it is, as I before remarked, better than fifty keepers. A lady was very apprehensive for her little son, who had a disposition to climb and perform other feats of activity. Perceiving his Love of Approbation and Cautiousness large, I told her that the boy performed his feats to gratify the first, and would not undertake them unless observed. Therefore her remedy was to let him

alone, for his Cautiousness would guard him from danger.

This organ is larger in the English than the Turkish head. Mr. Forster, who was travelling in disguise through Turkey,

was detected by a Georgian merchant, by the superior development of this part in Mr. Forster's head to that of the Turkish,

Dr. Brown speaks of Melancholy as a primitive emotion. This is an abuse of the faculty.

Suicides have generally this organ and Destructiveness large, and Hope small. Cautiousness, when stimulated to excess, gives rise to intense melancholy, anguish and anxiety; and by

When we consider how little we know of the origin of many of the sublimest productions which the genius of the past has bequeathed us, and of those gifted minds whose inspiration has opened for us a path into the regions of fancy, it is natural to inquire bow far we are indebted to contemporary writers for those sources of pure and elevated enjoyment, and to award

to them the full measure of our admiration and homage. Many productions, the result of humorous whim or fitful inspiration, have served their purpose when they have been read, laughed at or admired, and then are

thus rendering life extremely miserable, it indirectly prompts to this result. Let no one suppose suicide to result from mere error of judgment. It proceeds from internal and involuntary feelings of a diseased nature, the misery and torment of which, he who has never felt them cannot accurately conceive. I once knew a case from this combination: large Self-Esteem, Com-numbered with "the things that were." But the works

bativeness, Destructiveness, and Firmness. The suicide was a

boy of thirteen years of age, whose brother, after trying various other modes of reclaiming him from vicious conduct, had severely beaten him. The boy, seeing no other mode of revenge, hanged himself; and so firm was his resolve, that he kept his legs drawn up to the body, lest they might touch the floor.

This faculty gives a tendency to open the eyes wide, to roll the eye-balls sideways, and to turn the head from side to side. From this arises the term Circumspection. A hare surprised in the field, setting on its hind legs, its eyes open, and its head moving to and fro, is a fine emblem of this expression. The

language of Destructiveness, Secretiveness and Cautiousness, is well expressed by Sir Walter Scott, in his Lord of the Isles:'

"For evil seemed that old man's eye

Dark and designing, fierce, yet shy;
Still, he avoided forward look,

But slow and circumspectly took

A circling, never-ceasing glance,

By doubt and cunning marked at once,
Which shot a mischief boding ray

From under eye-brows shagged and gray."

of true genius bear within themselves the elements of perpetuity, they become incorporated with the national mind, and give a tone to its exercise, whether for utility

or amusement.

It is such works as address themselves to our finer feelings, like the songs before us, that possess this dis tinguished preeminence. They are touching and pa thetic, and strike the chord of our dearest sympathies. Possessed of no exotic grandeur or dazzling brilliancy, they are simple flowers scattered by the waysides of life, whose modest and unassuming beauty charm and variegate the paths of our existence. On that account they are, as they ought to be, treasured and admired. Some of them are already familiar to the lovers of sweet poetry; the airs to which they are adapted, are purely national. It is as a national work that they appear be fore us, and in that light they demand an extended

tice.

In his preface to these melodies, Mr. Horn has so happily illustrated their origin and progress, that we cannot do better than lay it before our readers. He

says: