maestoso in E flat, in common time, an allegro in 3-4 time, a clever andante in A flat, a scherzo vivace, as a minuet, with corresponding trio; and Great a concluding allegro in common time. pains was taken by the orchestra, and great pains had been taken by the composer; the sinfonia exhibited excellent writing, but yet, in some measure, failed to excite the interest it deserved; indescribable charm, that had pervaded the previous performance, was unaccountably wanting. some his neighbour, and express audibly the astonishment he felt. This, however, is not the manifestation or the consequence of pure musical enjoyment; and, if there be nothing more than this, no real fanatico per la musica will be attracted to the King's Theatre, and cer tainly no unmusical person will find much to please him in Madame Pisaroni. Having perhaps too soon qualified our admiration of this singer, we should add, that the government of her deep and masculine voice is very wonderful, and her general style more varied, and comprehensive, and original than any that may be found elsewhere. She has some pitiful tricks; and amongst these may be particularised, that of staccatoing her words in recitative, so that they appear to have a twang of Piedmont about them, and quite lose the delicate and flowing softness of the musical Italian. Signora Monticelli does very well, but could not be agreeably contrasted with Mademoiselle Sontag, who was her predecessor in her part. But Donzelli is a singer of very different merit. Long, indeed, is it since we have had the fortune to enjoy an exhibition of so many, and so different, and so well-blended accomplishments, in a male vocalist. He has a portamento di voce, After this, Weichsell led, and J. Cramer conducted, a truly magnificent and brilliant composition of the great Spohr, whom we now think unequivocally the finest writer (at least of orchestral music) in the world! It was the overture De Pietro von Abano,' consisting of a larghetto in 6-8 time, and an allegro in common time, written in the superior key of A flat; and the enthusiasm displayed by performers and auditors, in their marked applause, augurs that the subscribers will hear it at one of the earliest concerts. The overture written by young Hill, and tried appears almost irreconcilable with sweetness,-a vigour upon the first meeting of the Phiharmonics last and massiveness of tone, which would be supposed refractory to all tune; he gives the broad effects so well, year, was now again performed, and obtained some deserved encomiums. It has received several judi- that you would despair of the graces, and wreaths, and cious alterations and improvements, and went off harmonising tints; yet it is all, and more than all, diswell. A poor piece of musical writing was then played in the happiest variety, and to the utmost extent. Upon his first entrata, there is scope for a deveexhibited in the shape of an overture by a fo-lopment of his powers, and in a succession more rapid reigner of the name of Perez, with which the and complete than any thing of the sort we can rememtrial concluded. ber. which Upon the whole, the pieces were cleverly writBut certainly the wonder of the evening was the ten, well performed, and received with merited strange promotion of the ballet to the rank of something applause; those of our natives, Griesbach, Potter, worth waiting for. Its title ('La Somnambule') 'will reand Hill, were certainly placed to a decided disad-mind our readers of its plot; for every one has seen or vantage, being in immediate juxta-position, as it were, with two of the most able writers of the day, Spohr and Onslow; but they stood the trial successfully. The nights fixed for the eight concerts are as follow: February 23, March 9 and 23, April 6 and 27, May 11 and 25, and June 8; and it is expected that the Directors will be indefatigable in their endeavours to produce novelty, talent, and effect. THE DRAMA. King's Theatre. AFTER a great deal of thunder and lightning, and convulsions of nature, and jarring of the elements, Jove that is, Messrs. Laporte and Bochsa-ceased to nod, and the green curtain was peacefully uplifted. The public has heard enough of the contentions between the manager and his subordinates; but, knowing the fierceness of such fights, more especially when between those irasci celeres, the popular musicians, they may be astonished to hear that the hisses and groans of the malcontents and their attachés on the first night of performance were not strong enough to check the perseverance of the singers in their dumb play nor disagreeable enough to cause half a dozen of the nuisances to be turned out. Their highnesses in the mountain holds made a simultaneous attack upon the fiddlers when they first twanged catgut; but the warfare was soon of the guerilla kind, and all but two or three seemed to discover at once, that in hooting the performers they were tourneying against the sails of the mill instead of the miller. The grievance thus essayed was the substitution of French instrumental players for t eir predecessors in the orchestra, Lindley, Dragonetti, Willman, &c., who seceded upon rupture with the manager. The other injurious innovation, that of enclosing and making private certain front rows of the pit, appeared to pass with impunity. Madame Pisaroni, who appeared on Saturday night (for the first time in England) in the character which she sustained more than ten years ago when this opera made its debût before a Neapolitan audience, is neither young nor handsome. In these two respects, we will speak negatively; for it would be against our instinct of gallantry to define what she is. As a singer, she has very long been known to possess the most powerful of contralto voices, methodized and made ductile by great science and a delicate taste. burst upon the ear like thunder; and, after every little lapse, and throughout the opera, the repetition of the sound had the same effect of making every man turn to The first notes ་ and the custom may be withheld till the terms are made to suit the purchaser. But it is only by so withholding it, that an exorbitant demand can fairly be corrected, Some exclaim that we British-born cannot submit to the regulations of foreign theatres; the precedence and dis tinctions intimated by this partition-line are not grateful to our free-born souls. Fie upon you, Sirs! If you love the entertainment genuinely, such notions will never enter your heads. It is because foreigners are more worshippers of music than yourselves that they are insensible such splenetic feelings. If this be the strong argument against the inclosure, it is a weak and vulgar one. No one, on the other hand, will fail to see many very great advantages gained by the alteration. In the first place, the pit may now be frequented by hundreds who could scarcely dream of it before. It is long since the decent habits of this part of the theatre rendered it a very comfortable resort for ladies : on some nights particularly-such as the benefits-no female could, by possibility, have ventured there. The confusion, and medley, and discomfort, at all times, have excluded from the performance a large class of music-lovers, composed of invalids and iní rm persons, and families not resident in town, or unwilling to incur the expense of a box-subscription. We see many other advantages which, at our leisure, we may instance. At present, we are tempted to say but little more. It is by way of illustration of our view of the matter. We believe that, according to our law, any part of a common, previously enjoyed to a certain degree by the neighbours, may be inclosed and cut off from them at the pleasure of the lord of the soil, so he leave enough for their use as commoners. Now, if this be a parallel to the case before us, it will be seen that M. Laporte's right to appropriate a new portion of the pit, is only so far conditional, as that it is measured by the sufficiency of the residue for the use of the pittites. Hence, as long as there are thin h uses, he will be defended in what he has thus done ; but, if the theatre becomes ever gorged and swollen with extra numbers, then let them break down the barriers if they will, and justify their violence by the necessity. In common with the rest of the world, we are perreferred. The loss of the orchestral performers, however magnified, is sure to be painful. And, as for the stalls, we cannot help feeling, despite ourselves, that our tickets are now deteriorated in value by so many feet and inches in a direct line from the prompter's box, according to the increased distance at which we are compelled to seat ourselves. read some version of it. Mlle. Leroux is the sleep-walker: Touching the two questions raised by his revolution have held their seats by patent. As to the other innovation, of locking up two or three more rows of benches, we are disposed to look at it much in the same light. It seems to us that a farmer has a right to alter or improve his lands as he thinks most expedient to himself, unless there be some express prohibition from another, who has a greater interest in those lands. It is against all analogy that the purchaser should assign the price of his goods, or the visitor settle the entrance-money to the entertain ment. Indirectly, he does so of course; for, without custom, no sale or entertainment can be carried on; POPULAR SCIENCE. 'How charming is divine philosophy! I-ANIMATED NATURE. 'And God said, let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing.'-Genesis. 1.-ANIMAL Antiquities. Insects in a Mummy.-M. Figeac of Grenoble, while examining an Egyptian muminy, found amongst its fingers several dead coleopterous insects of a fine rose tained that they belonged to a nondescript species of colour, in all its brilliancy. M. Jurine of Geneva ascerGlaber. Circumstances indicate that the eggs of those corynetes, (Fabricius,) which he is disposed to call C. insects were laid on the mummy during the embalming process, and subsequently became perfect insects. The Arabs, indeed, had opened the mummy; but the envelope of the hands, where the insects were found, was untouched. 2.-ANIMAL ARCHITECTURE. Coral Reefs. It has been generally believed that the deep perpendicular reefs, very near to which the sounding line finds no bottom, consist wholly of coral; but MM. Quoy and Gaimard have adduced very satisfactory reasons to prove that the Zoophytes, far from raising from the depths of the ocean perpendicular walls, form only layers or crusts of a few fathoms' thickness. They remark that the species, which always construct the most considerable banks, require the influence of light to perfect them; and it is well known that all those steep walls, common in the equatorial seas, are intersected with narrow and deep openings, through which the sea enters, and retires with violence; whereas, if they were entirely composed of madrepores, they would have no such openings between them, since it is the property of zoophytes to build in masses that have no interruption. It is, besides, difficult to suppose that these animals can support such different degrees of pressure and temperature, as they necessarily must, if they exist at such different depths in the ocean. It is, therefore, most reasonable to conclude, that the summits of submarine hills and mountains are the bases upon which the zoophytes form layers and raise up their fabrics,-a supposition which perfectly accounts for the great depths of the sea close to the reefs and islands which they have elevated to the surface of the water. 3.-ANIMAL GEOGRAPHY. North-West Passage proved by Whales.-Whales which have been harpooned in the Greenland seas, have been found in the Pacific Ocean; and whales, with some lances sticking in their feet, (a kind of weapon used by no nation now known,) have been caught both in the sea of Spitzbergen and in Davis' Strait. The following is one of the authorities for this fact, which, of all other arguments yet offered in favour of a transpolar passage, seems to be the most satisfactory: A Dutch East India captain, of the name of Jacob Cool, of Sardam, who had been several times at Greenland, and was, of course, well acquainted with the nature of the apparatus used in the whale-fishery, was informed by the Fischal Zeeman, of India, that in the sea of Tartary, there was a whale taken, in the back of which was sticking a Dutch harpoon, marked with the letters W. B. This curious circumstance was communicated to Peter Jansz Vischer., probably a Greenland whaler, who discovered that the harpoon in question had belonged to William Bastiaanz, Admiral of the Dutch Greenland fleet, and had been struck into the whale in the Spitzbergen sea.-Beschryving der Walvisvangst, vol. ii., p. 38. 4.-ZOOPHYTOLOGY. Structure of the Sponge.-If a common sponge be carefully examined in a microscope, it will appear to be furnished with galleries and compartments, which rival, in intricacy and number, those of the celebrated labyrinths of Crete; the ramified entrances of a marine pavilion, gradually extending upwards, and sending forth branches in different directions, till they at length unite, and form a compound reticulation throughout the sponge. The extremities of the upper shoots are furnished with small openings at the ends of their fibres; and, as we trace these fibres downwards from the openings, a soft whitish substance may be discovered filling the internal hollow part of the ramifications throughout the whole sponge; which ramifications resemble catgut, are of an amber colour, and are undoubtedly the babitations of a particular kind of zoophytes. For, although we cannot distinguish either vesicles or cells, nor discover any other kind of organization than that of a variety of hollow tubes inflected and wrought together into a multitude of agreeable forms, some branching like corals, or expanding like a fungus, many rising like a column, others resembling a hollow inverted pyramid with irregular cavities, entrances, or apertures; yet, from many obvious resemblances to different other kinds of marine productions, as well as from the chemical analysis of sponges in general, we are amply justified in referring them to the class of animal productions. 5.-ENTOMOLOGY. Winter Insects.-Several species of gnats (Culices and Tipulidae) are almost the only winged insects which venture to sport in the winter's sun. A few moths, also, make their appearance, such as the early and winter moths. (Geometra primaria, and G. brumaria,) and the bay-shouldered button moth, (Tortrix spadiceana.) One of the most remarkable circumstances, however, regarding insects, is the subsistence of the autumnal brood of caterpillars upon a very scanty supply of food, and sometimes without any. In gardens, for example, the speckled and spotted caterpillar of the magpie n.oth (Geometra grossulariata) may be found upon currant and gooseberry bushes, of which the more expanded buds only can afford them food; and yet they usually survive the hardest winters, though not advanced beyond their first or second skin, and not so thick as a crow-quill. Like the seeds of plants, just mentioned, the eggs of many species of insects are deposited in the autumn, survive the winter, and are hatched in the spring,-the living principle, though not in a state of activity, being capable, as it would appear, of withstanding severe cold. As an example of this, we may mention the eggs of the lacquey moth, (Lasiocampa neustria,) which are laid in a sort of spiral round the twig of a tree, and fastened with a strong cement. The chrysahdes, or pupæ of various sorts of moths and butterflies, also remain through the winter, but are usually shielded by a web, or crust, some above and some under ground.—Companion to the Almanack. 6.-SAURIOLOGY. English Crocodiles.-The remains of several distinct species of animals, belonging to this genus, occur in those strata which are placed above the independent coal formation. Of these the following may be noticed: 1. In the year 1791, M. G. A. Deluc communicated to Cuvier the calcaneum of a crocodile from Brentford. It was found associated with the remains of the extinct elephant, rhinoceros, &c., in the Lacustrine silt of that district, one of the members of the modern or superficial strata. Baron Cuvier seems to consider it as having belonged to a species distinct from the recent kinds. If it be also distinct from the other fossil species, and have not been washed out of its original repository in some older bed, it must be considered as the most recent of the extinct species.—Cuv. Rech., vol. ii. p. 269. 2. In the clay of the Sheppey, the jaw of a crocodile has been found. Webster's Geol. Trans., ii. 194. Cuv. Rech., vol. ii. p. 165. In the tabular view of the fossils of the London clay, in 'The Geology of England and Wales,' it is stated, That the remains of a crocodile, very nearly approaching to the characters of existing species, and especially to the crocodile à museau aigu, have recently been discovered in the London clay at Islington. 3. In 'The Geology of England and Wales,' p. 172, it is said, Mr. Johnstone, of Bristol, possesses a very perfect head of a crocodile, found in Purbeck; but the character of the matrix is not quite decisive, as to whether it belongs to these or to the Portland beds. 4. Baron Cuvier, (Rech., vol. ii. 161,) notices the occurrence of a crocodile in the iron sand of Filgate Forest, Sussex, and refers to Mr. Mantell's fossils of the South Downs.-P. 47. 5. In 'The Geology of England and Wales,' it is stated, distinct both from those now known to exist, from that a well-characterised crocodile, but of a species those found in a fossil state in Germany, and from one, at least, of the French fossil species, has been dug up of that University; it is from a bed towards the upper at Gibraltar, near Oxford, and is now in the collection part of this volitic system, perhaps the Cornbrush.' P.208. 6 The alum-shale of Whitby, so fertile in organic remains, has furnished the skeleton of a crocodile, a figure of which has been published by the Rev. George Young, in the Edin. Phil. Journ., No. XXV. p. 76, tab. iii. In the length of the snout, it approaches the Gavial. Mr. Young is disposed to consider the skeleton found at Whitby in 1758, a drawing and descrip tion of which by Mr. Wooller appeared in the Phil. Trans., I. p. 786, tab. xxx., as probably belonging to the same species. 7.-ICHTHYOLOGY. Fishes in the London Clay.-The remains of fishes are frequently found in the London clay, in various degrees of preservation; not only are the numerous teeth of cartilaginous fishes found here in their figures, triangular, conical, single pointed, tricuspidated, tridentated, lanceolated, &c., and from more than an linas, annually quit the island in myriads, and fly over sex and land to partake of a harvest introduced there from the distant India. It is, however, only the female rice-bird which migrates. Of the myriads which visit Carolina, a single cock is never found. Australian Birds.-The birds of New South Wales vary in size, from the emu which stands about six feet high, to birds little larger than the humming-bird, in the West Indies. Black swans, cranes of various colours, white hawks, black and white cockatoos, and thousands of parrots of the most splendid plumage, ducks and quails, are also common. Birds resembling our pigeon, pheasant, and turkey, are also got in numbers. Among the birds peculiar to the country, may be mentioned, one called the laughing-bird; another the coachman, from its whistle ending in a smack like a whip; another the bell-bird, from its voice being like the sound of a bell; and so on. There are swallows all' the season, exactly resembling those in England. 9.-MAZOLOGY. Apes not rational.-Around Gibraltar is found a sort of ape in great numbers. These animals seem fond of warming themselves at the fires where the soldiers have boiled their kettles; but, although chips of wood are in abundance, the apes never think of adding them as fuel. 10. ANTHROPOLOGY. Colour of the Eyes.-In a scarce treatise, 'De Coloribus Oculorum,' by Portius, it is remarked, that in blue eyes the interior membranes are less abundantly provided with black mucus, and are thence more sensible to the action of light. That sort of eyes suits the inhabitants of the north during their long twilights; while the deep black of the negroes serves to support the vivacity of the light. The blue of the Laplander's eyes, however, but ill supports the light reflected from the snow, and renders them subject to cataract. A singular Glutton.-Charles Domery, aged 21, when a prisoner of war at Liverpool, consumed, in one day, sixteen pounds of meat; namely, four pounds of raw cows' udder, ten pounds of raw beef, two pounds of tallow candles, besides drinking five bottles of porter: and, although he was allowed the daily rations of ten he was not satisfied. In one year he ate 174 cats dead and alive. men, II.—NON-ANIMATED NATURE. GRAY. The meanest flow'ret of the vale, The simplest sound that swells the gale, The common sun-the air-the skiesTo him are opening Paradise.' 1.-VEGETABLE MECHANICS. Perception in Plants.-There are marks of perception in plants, at least they have been so accounted; perhaps, however, these are more apparent than real. If a cucumber be planted, and after the branches shoot there is placed a stone in the way of either of them, the branch will turn off and avoid it, without touching the stone, describing a circle around it. After having passed it, it will go on in a straight line. This, which is considered as a mark of perception, is only an instance of the law by which plants always turn to the shadow of the stone. 2.-VEGETABLE Geography. inch in length to very small sizes; but others belong-light; for the plant turns round to get out of the ing to spinous fishes, varying considerably in their forms and sizes, are found still affixed in their bony sockets. The skeletons of some of these fishes still remain, but so fixed in their hardened matrix as to be very difficultly separable. The teeth are most referrible to different species of the genus squalus, and are spoken of, by former writers, under the different appellations, Plectronites, Rostrago, &c. The bony tongue and palates of different species of the genus Raia, particularly of Raia pastinacea, are also found completely mineralized in this formation. Fishes of New South Wales.-These, it would appear, are all different from those in England. There are scarcely any shell fish on the coast, with the exception of oysters, which are only found on such rocks as are left uncovered by the water at low tide. Aud muscles, also, adhere to the stones that are always under water; and in some places cockles are rientiful. 8.-ORNITHOLOGY. Remarkable Migrations of Birds.--By wonderful in stinct birds will follow cultivation, and make themselves denizens of new regions. The cross-bill has followed the apple into England. Glenco, in the Highlands of Scotland, never knew the partridge till its farmers, of late years, introduced corn into their lands; nor did sparrows ever appear in Siberia until after the Russians had made arable he vast wastes of those parts of their dominions. Finally, the rice buntings, natives of Cuba, after the planting of rice in the Caro Forests.-In warm climates the heat is so favourable to the decomposition of vegetable ma ter, and the number of mosses, and dwarf woody and fibrous plants, is so small, that moss is not formed, and forests look as if, in as far as nature regards them, they were to be permitted to live till the destruction of the world. The existence of forests, indeed, in tropical climates seems so much a part of the economy of nature, that they could not be destroyed, without involving in the catastrophe half the plants, and almost all the animals, of those regions. In cold climates, where we maintain that there are natural processes for the destruction of necessarily depending on trees for their existence, and forests, there are very few parasitic plants, or others as few animals that can live only in the woods. The few bats we possess can hang on the ruins and rocks, which seem more natural to them than the forest. The squirrels would, indeed, be poorly off without wood, and, perhaps, pass into the class of extinct quadrupeds. But the different species of the mouse kind, the hare, the weasel, the fox, the cat, the horse, the goat, the ox, the deer, the hog, the otter, and the other species of quadrupeds in these climates, might exist among the remaining woods and coppices of the uplands, or on the open plains, as well as in a universal forest. If, on the other hand, nature destroyed the tropical forests, the splendid epidendrous, and other plants depending on the existence of trees, would perish; and, as to the animals, what would become of the poor monkeys, especially those with long prebensible tails, formed for twisting round the branches ? unless we suppose, as, perhaps, some naturalists, who believe in the transmutation of species, might be disposed to do, that they could eat off their tails, thus at once accommodating themselves to their new circumstances, and supplying with animal, the want of vegetable food. The vampire bats, too, the sloths, and many other tropical quadrupeds, would instantly die out with the destruction of the forests. The birds would be no better off. The parrots, with their toes so curiously arranged for climbing, and a host of other species in those climates, depend for the continuance of their race on a perennial state of wood; and we have now attempted to suggest the law by which nature, always provident of every part and the whole, preserves them. 3.-MINERALOGY. American Coal.-The Authracite of Pennsylvania is similar to the Kilkenny coal of Ireland, burning without smoke. In some places it is dry, and is nearly pure carbon, the earthy part being only five per cent. In others it leaves much asbes passing into the adjacent carboniferous shale. In others, it is saturated with water, and assumes a fine pavonine hue burning with a bright flame-no doubt from the decomposition of the water. The shale that overlies the Authracite being 110 miles by four to eight miles and twenty to thirty feet thick, contains much carbon, but no bitumen, as in England. Many vegetables are seen in it, and perfect specimens of fossil charcoal are found in the Authracite mines. The ligneous structure is as well marked as in recent charcoal. 4. GEOLOGY. Fuel of Volcanoes.-Water seems to be a necessary agent in the production of volcanic fire; for only extinct volcanoes are found inland. The most active are in the immediate vicinity of the sea, and some are actually submarine. The matter that feeds them does not seem to be universally diffused, but rather collected in different spots. Hence, they always exist in groups"; yet the action of one of the volcanoes of the same group is found to be completely independent of that of the others, Stromboli being asleep while Etna is raging. The fire is probably seated at some considerable distance under the surface; but the erupted matter does not appear to come from a very great depth. The source of this fire remains unknown, notwithstanding many plausible conjectures. Beds of coal and pyrites do not account for it, neither does the pure metallic basis of potass and soda. 5.-OROLOGY. Mount Illemani.-The Nevados de Illemani, the second American mountain in point of altitude, which we mentioned in a recent number of "The Athenæum,' is situated in the province of Paz in Bolivia or Upper Peru, and is twenty marine leagues south-east of the city of Paz. It is farther sonth than any of the other peaks of the eastern Cordillera, and according to the astronomical observations taken near its northern base by Mr. Pentland, it is situated between 15° 35' and 160 40′ S. Lat., and between 67° and 68° W. Long. Its summit forms a ridge, traversed by four peaks in a line parallel to the axis of the chain, and lying N. and S. The most northern of these peaks is 24,200ft., and the most southern appeared to Mr. Pentland still higher up; but he has not yet determined the exact differences. The mountain is composed of grauwacke, or transi tion slate, the beds of which are often separated by strata of quartz rock, and flinty slate. These are associated with porphyritic syenite and true granite veins, beds, or stratified masses. The transition slate is traversed by numerous veins of vitreous quartz, containing particles of native gold or auriferous pyrites. e of these veins, at the height of 16,000 feet, appear re been explored by the ancient Peruvians. Captain Basil Hall, it appears, has objected to the statements of Mr. Pentland, that Illemani cannot be seen from the sea, forgetting that it is 310 geographical miles from the coast, and could not therefore be seen. 6.-POTAMOLOGY. Colour of Rivers in Floods.-The reddish brown colour so common in freshes of rivers in Europe, and every where else, is almost entirely the effect of culti wation; and the natural colour of rivers even in the ighest and longest continued floods, where all the country is still in woods or pastures, is ever that of a ark brown or blackish, but more diluted than that oming trom peat bogs. It is comparatively very clear, -nd deposits but a trifling sediment. 7.-BOTANY. Alpine Flowers.-A little above the point where timber disappears, a region of extraordinary beauty commences-intervals of soil of some extent covered with low creeping matted Alpine plants of astonishing brilliancy of colouring. Deep blue prevails; and the penstimon erianthera, the agnilegin cærulea, and other plants, were more intensely coloured than in lower situations. May it not be that the deep blue sky, the atmosphere being for the most part clear and unclouded, influences the colours of this Alpine Flora? III-USEFUL ARTS. 'Every new discovery may be considered as a new species of manufacture, awakening moral industry and sagacity, and employing, as it were, a new capital of mind." Edinburgh Review. 1.-AGRICULture. thus to squander its money upon gigantic but ridiculous alterations. The triumphal arch at the entrance of the garden, which has already cost 30,000, one would suppose was intended as a suitable, though private, approach for his Majesty to arrive, through the garden, at his palace. It, however, appears that the reservoir intervenes: therefore no approach can be made this way. The public will be puzzled to know to what use this arch, under such circumstances, can be converted.-Hints and Observations respecting the Parks and Palaces, &c. Mixture of Woods. It is supposed that the mixture of woods from all parts of the world, as in the hull of a ship, generates diseases of various kinds, from the chemical influences of their several juices or saps; and that they thus destroy each other. In proof of this, it was ooserved lately, when the Shannon was Scots Farmer's Weed-Fine.—By an old Act of Parlia-examined, that the oak treenails had destroyed the fir ment proper persons were appointed to ride round planking for two or three inches round each treenail: the farms in Scotland to see whether they were clear hole; and in another instance, where oak combings of gule-gowans, (chrysanthemum segetum.) For each were used in a teak ship, both woods were destroyed of these plants found, the farmer paid 3s. 4d., or a for several inches where they were connected. This, wedder sheep; it is still kept up at Cargill, Perthshire; it is justly observed, is matter for a scientific and phi(see Sir John Sinclair's Statistical Account of losophical inquiry. Cargill;') but, the fine being there only a penny a plant, the riders can hardly make a dinner of it. VARIETIES. Finden's Engraving of the King.—It is said that his Majesty is delighted with this engraving, and has ordered two hundred proof-impressions to be sent down to Windsor, which are intended as presents to the friends and favourites at court. Managerial Liberality.—Mr. Price has presented successful little drama, Charles the Twelfth,' with a Mrs. Planche, the wife of Mr. Planche, author of that superb service of tea equipage, in silver. He is also reported to have given Mr. Planche a larger sum for his farce than has been paid for any similar production since the appearance of Morton's Invincibles.' Concession to Literature.—It is said that the Lords of the Treasury will shortly issue an order to the Postmaster-General, permitting the free transmission, through the post-office, to authors residing in the country, of the proof-sheets of any work in the press. The proofs, it is said, are to be sent to Sir F. Freeling, who will enclose them in a post-office cover, according to the address; and they may be returned in the same manner. Medico-Botanical Society.—On Tuesday evening, the King of the Netherlands, the King of Denmark, the Spanish Minister, (the Chevalier de Zea Bermudez,) Viscount Mahon, and Earl Powis, were elected Members of this Society. The Earl Stanhope, President, was in the chair, and was invested with the gold-chain of office, which his Majesty has commanded shall be worn by the President for the time being. Latin and Loyalty.-Bolivar has exhibited an incontestible, though, perhaps, not very disinterested, proof of his attachment to learning. He has ordered the study of Latin to be restored to its former footing, requiring it to be pursued every year in the course; no one is to be admitted to the higher degrees who is not master of that language. He attributes, in part, the late conspiracy to the neglect of Latin! ་ and Gray.-Good scholars and elegant writers may sometimes lapse. Grayis both yet he says, 'Their name, their years spelt by the unlettered Muse,' &c. forgotten to inform us which was the unlettered one. There were nine, mythologists tell us; but they have We might as well talk of the powerless Jupiter, the lame Mercury, aud the squinting Venus. In another poein, the court was sat,' is not English; nor is the note in The Ode to Music' on Mary de Valence, of whom tradition says, that her husband:' tradition does not speak here of her, but of the husband. Gray was a very learned man, and no meau poet. I wish he had not written 'Ah, bappy hills! Ah, pleasing shades! Ah, fields beloved in vain!' for, in the next breath, he tells us that they were not beloved in vain; quite the contrary, that they soothed his weary soul, and breathed a second spring.'-Landor. Taste and Utility.—A garden is made at Buckingham Palace, as if the genial climate of the southern parts of Europe had existed here: lakes, orangeries, and flowergardens appear where no flowers ever can flourish, and where orange-trees, like the common laurel, and many other hardy shrubs, cannot endure the atmosphere, impregnated with the smoke of London. The Prime Minister, Lord North, called the shrubs of London the never greens; so may Mr. Nash, while at the same time he laughs at a country which allows him Water.-Professor Brande estimates the total number of gallons daily supplied by the several water companies at 29,000,000; in raising which, twenty-one steam engines are used, equal to the power of 1,346 horses. The Professor considers filtration the best means of purifying water; and, at a recent lecture, exhibited the model of an invention, now in use by. one of the water companies, which filters 500,000 cubic feet of water per day. He had the day before seen the apparatus at work; and though the surface of the water was frozen, the process of filtration was going on below as usual. Beet-Root Sugar in France.-There are about a hundred refineries of sugar in France, and they produced the last year, 5,000,000 kilogrammes of raw sugar. In four or five years the produce will be sufficient to supply the whole consumption. Before that time the improvement in the manufacture will considerably lower the price. At present, stigar from beet-root ought, by theoretical calculations, to be obtained at twelve or thirteen sols the kilogramme; but, in fact, it costs more than this. The price must, in a short time, be reduced at least one half. On the necessity of favouring the production of this native sugar, the present duties on sugar imported into France are defended. LIST OF BOOKS published DURING THE WEEK. Lingard's History of England, vol. 7, 4to., 17. 15s. Horne's Manual of Parochial Psalmody, 18mo., 1s. Od. Dr. Gibney on the Vapour Bath, 8vo., second edition, 78. In foolscap, with a beautiful Frontispiece, price 6s., MR. BUCKINGHAM'S LECTURES. N Monday the 2d inst., was Published, in a TALES, Characteristic, Descripte to the Afiseries separate Pamphlet, price One Shilling, the Heades by By the Author of An Antidote of Human Life,' &c. London: printed for Baldwin and Cradock. Published this Day. In 12mo. 3s. 6d. bound. REEK EXTRACTS, chiefly from the Attic burgh Academy. Also, lately published, EDINBURGH ACADEMY GREEK RUDIMENTS. Second Edition, 12mo, 4s. bound. Printed for Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh; and Simpkin and Marshall, London. THE ENGLISH CHURCH. In two large vols., 8vo. Price 268. the LECTURES on the EASTERN WORLD, as recently delivered by Mr. BUCKINGHAM with such extraordinary success at Liverpool, and intended to be repeated by him in all the principal Towns of the Kingdom, preceded by a Sketch of his Life, Travels, and Political and Literary Labours, as the grounds of his claim to public confidence and support. Also in a separate PAMPHLET, price One Shilling; a REPORT of all the PROCEEDINGS at LIVERPOOL, Connected with Mr. Buckingham's Lectures on Opening the Trade to India and China, compiled for The Oriental Herald.' Published by W. LEWER, No. 4, Wellington-street, Strand; and to be had of all Booksellers. HE HISTORY of the CHURCH of ENG-THE UNITED SERVICE JOURNAL, AND LAND. By J. B. S. CARWITHEN, B. D., of St. Mary's Hall, Oxford; Bampton Lecturer for 1809, and Vicar of Sandhurst, Berks. Part the First.-To the Restoration of the Church and Monarchy in 1660. London: Printed for Baldwin and Cradock. NAVAL AND MILITARY MAGAZINE, for February, price 2s. 6d., contains:-An Account of the War in the EastThe Battle of Navarino, by an Officer engaged-Storming of Badajoz-Recollections in Quarters-Adventures in the Woods -The Lost Dragoon-An Enniskillener-History of the Siege ef Vienna by the Turks, in 1683, and of its deliverance by John Sobieski, King of Poland, translated by Miss PorterOrigin of Lord Byron's Shipwreck in Don Juan-Cutting out; a Galley Story-Memoirs of the late Lieut. Col. DenhamThe British Gunner, by Captain Spearman-Anecdote of the Duke of Clarence-Distribution of the Royal Navy-Battle of Marengo-Regimental Records-Memoirs of the Extraordinary Military Career of John Shipp-Admiral Raper's New System of Signals-Hydrography-Works of the late Captain Hurd-Twelve Years' Military Adventure-Original Correspondence-Anecdotes, connected with the Army and Navy, &c. &c. Printed for Henry Colburn, 8, New Burlington Street; Bell and Bradfute, Edinburgh; and John Cumming, Dublin. CATALOGUE OF BOOKS. This day is published price 38. 6d. THE LONDON MAGAZINE, No. XI-HARDING and LEPARD'S CATALOGU E NEW SERIES. CONTENTS: 1. On the approaching Session of Parliament-2. Fine Arts; The Colosseum-3. Imprisonment for Debt-4. The best Bat in the School-5. On the Armour in the Tower; Dr. Meyrick's Letter-6. Supply of Anatomical Subjects-7. You'll come to our Ball-8. Paris in 1828-9. Moral Tendencies of Knowledge 10. A Looking-glass for the Country: No. 1. Windsor as it was-11. Stanzas-12. Diary for the Month of January13. Hobbledehoys-14. The Editor's Room; No. XI.-15. The Journal of Facts. London: Printed for the Proprietors, and Published by their Agent, Henry Hooper, at the Office of The London Magazine,' 13, Pall Mall East.. THE HE NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE, FOR FEBRUARY, 1829, contains, among a variety of Original and Interesting Articles :-Irish Lord Lieutenants. By Lady Morgan-Castle of Dublin-The Marquis WellesleyLord Fitzwilliam-The Marquis of Anglesea-Sir John Perrot -Earl of Essex-Sketches of the Irish Bar-Mr. Leslie Foster -A Tour in Mexico in 1827-Real del Monte- A Day at Cambridge-Professional Sketches. No. IV.-Mr. Brodie-Sadness and Mirth. By Mrs. Hemans-The Patent Theatres-Mr. Garrick-Mr. Kean-Mr. Elliston-Mr. Braham-Lord Byron -Mr. Godwin's History of the Commonwealth of EnglandAn Every Day Character-School Discipline-Parisian Society -Ramblings of a Desultory Man--The Lover's Leap-London Lyrics-Poetical Epistle from Araminta to Medora-Spanish Historical Romance-The Castilian-Political Events-Critical Notices of New Publications- The Drama-Fine ArtsVarieties, Domestic and Foreign-Biographical Particulars of Emirent Persons, lately deceased-Provincial Occurrences, &c. &c. &c. Printed for Henry Colburn, 8, New Burlington-street. GEOGRAPHY, WITH ATLAS, ON AN ENTIRELY NEW PLAN. In royal 18mo. price 3s. 6d. neatly bound and lettered, embellished with numerous Engravings, illustrating Manners, Customs, and Curiosities. BOOKS, ANCIENT and MODERN, FOR MDCCCXXIX. This Catalogue contains a most excellent Selection of all Books, in all Languages, and in every department of Literature; a Choice Collection of Manuscripts, and some remarkable Specimens of Early Printing and Block Books, the whole in very fine condition, bound by CHARLES Lewis and others, with the price affixed; to be had at No. 4, Pall Mall East. Of whom may be had the new edition of DIBDIN'S INTRODUCTION to the KNOWLEDGE of the RARE and VALUABLE EDITION of the CLASSICS. 2 vols. 8vo. 21. 25. The same edition beautifully printed on imperial 8vo., to range with the Lord Spencer's Catalogue. 2 vols. 61. 68. DIBDIN'S LIBRARY COMPANION, or the YOUNG MAN'S GUIDE, and OLD MAN'S COMFORT, in the CHOICE of A LIBRARY. Second edition. One thick volume. 8vo. 14. 78. Beautifully printed on a fine royal paper. 2 vols. 51. 5s. This Day is published, price Seven Shillings and Sixpence, No. VI. of the FORE OREIGN QUARTERLY REVIEW.Contents 1. Arts and Manufactures in France,-II. Humboldt's Political and Statistical Account of Cuba.-III. Meyer on the Judicial Institutions of the Principal Countries of Europe.-IV. Oginsky's Memoirs on Poland.-V. Derode's new Theory of Harmony.-VI. Memoirs of Vidocq.-VII. Raumer's History of the Hohenstauffens.-VIII. Louis Bonaparte's Answer to Sir W. Scott's History of Napoleon.-IX. Language and Literature of Friesland.-X. Duke Bernard's Travels in North America.-XI. Wine Trade of France.--CRITICAL SKETCHES.-French Works.-XII. Cousin, Cours de Philosophie -XIII. Musee de Peinture et de Sculpture.-XIV. Histoire de l'Ecole Polytechnique.-XV. Biographie Universelle Ancienne et Moderne.-XVI. Bausset, Memoires Anecdotiques, Tom III. et IV.-XVII. Almanachs Français pour 1829 -Italian Works. XVIII. Gamba Serie di Testi.-XIX. La Fadanzata Ligure.— German Works. XX.-Bottiche's Geschichte der Carthager, nach Quellen.-XXI. Fallmerayer's Geschicte des Kaysterthums vont Trapezunt.-XXII. German Almanacs for 1829.Eighty-two Miscellaneous Literary Notices from Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Russia and Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, and concerning Oriental Literature.-A RUDIMENTS of GEOGRAPHY, on a NEW Works published on the continent, from September tipe New PLAN, designed to assist the Memory by Comparison and Classification. By W. C. WOODBRIDGE, A.M. The Geography is accompanied by AN ATLAS, exhibiting, in connexion with the Outlines of Countries, the prevailing Religions, forms of Government, degrees of Civilization, the comparative size of Towns, Rivers, and Mountains, and the Climates and Productions of the Earth, in royal 4to. coloured, price 88. half-bound. This Atlas has been compiled from the best authorities, and contains all the late Discoveries of Parry, Weddell, Denham,' and Clapperton. But its principal claim to attention is founded on the entire novelty of the plan: each Map presents, not only the geographical outlines of countries, but a series of numbers affixed to the Mountains, Rivers, and Cities, which indicate their comparative rank, and enable the Student, by reference to the table of Classification, to discover their actual magnitude. The Isothermal Chart exhibits the Climate of different Regions, as determined by thermometrical observation, with their most important productions, and presents a striking illustration of the diversity existing in the same latitude, according to the situation of countries. In the Moral and Political Chart, the outlines of each coun try contain a number, showing its Population, and several emblems indicating its Government, Religion, and State of Civilization, and forms, in effect, a Moral Picture of the World. Printed for Whittaker, Treacher, and Arnot, Ave Maria-lane. Of whom may be had, gratis, a Complete School Catalogue, ber, 1828. to Decem No. VII. will appear in March. Published by Treuttel and Wurtz, Treuttel jun. and Richter, Foreign Booksellers to the King, 30, Soho-square. VOCAL and DRAMATIC INSTITUTION Established upon the principle of the Foreign Conservatories, for the Scientific Vocal Education of a numerous Body of Pupils; combining Languages, Elocution, Action, Dancing, Fencing, Exercises, and all Dramatic Requisites; Theatrical Practice, &c., to qualify for the Orchestra and Theatre; with an exclusive department for tuition in Dancing, Action, &c., to accomplish for the Ballet. The Terms are a very moderate Admission Fee, and a small quarterly payment. Professors--Vocal Department.-Singing (Italian), Signor Lanza and Signor Crevelli; Ditto (English), Mr. Greatorex, M. H. Phillips, Mr. Hobbs, and Mr. Hawes. Elocution, Mr. Wright. Italian Language, Signor Ziliani and Signora Re buffo. Dancing and Dramatic Action, Mr. D'Egville. Fencing and Sword Exercises, Mr. George Roland. Organist and Pianist, Mr. C. Guichard. The Ballet Department will be under the immediate direction of Mr. D'Egville, with Mr. Noble, and a Professor from the Royal Academy of Paris. Full particulars to be had at the Office of the Institution, No, 286, Regent street, near Cavendish-square; and by letters (post free), addressed to the Secretary; also at the principal Music Establishments and Libraries. EW LIVING OBJECTS for the MICRO accurate Descriptions of the Diamond, Sapphire, Aplanatic, and other Microscopes. Illustrated by superior Coloured En gravings. By C. R. GORING, M. D., and ANDREW PRITCHARD. This work contains the most approved methods of employing these instruments for scientific investigation and amusement. No. I, complete in itself, is published this day, by Pritchard, 18, Pickett-street, Strand; Sold by Hessey, 93, Fleet-street. Price 58. PART XXV. ENCYCLOPÆDIA METROPOLITANA; or Universal Dictionary of Knowledge, on an original Plan: comprising the two-fold advantage of a Philosophical and an Alphabetical Arrangement, with appropriate and entirely new Engravings. London printed for Baldwin and Cradock, Paternoster. row; C. J. G. and F Rivington; J. Duncan; B. Fellowes; Suttaby, Fox, and Suttaby; E. Hodgson; J. Dowding; H.T. Hodgson; G. Lawford; Laycock and Son; and for J. Parker, Oxford; and J. and J. J. Deighton, Cambridge. *** One half of this great Work being now printed, the Proprietors have the satisfaction of being able to announce, what has been earnestly desired by many, a republication in perfect volumes. To those persons who have not become Subscribers to this Encyclopædia, nor made themselves acquainted with its peculiar and original plan, it may be necessary to state, that it will ultimately form three grand divisions, viz. 1. Trea. tises in every department of Science and of Art, (classed in two Subdivisions of Pure Science and Mixed and Applied Science.)-2. History, with Biography intermixed.-3, Miscellanies, arranged alphabetically, and comprising a Techni. cal Dictionary, a Gazetteer, and an Etymological Lexicon of the English Language. In every Part, as hitherto published, a portion of each of these Divisions has been given, and the Reader has had the advantage of enjoying, in every new fas ciculus presented to him, all the distinct features of the work. Still, however, satisfactory this plan has been to many, others have been desirous of having perfect volumes; and this wish is now attainable by the completion of the First Volume of the Work, comprising Grammar, Logic, Rhetoric, and a large portion of Mathematics. Price 21. 28., or on royal paper, with proof-plates, 31. 12s. THE ORIENTAL HERALD for FEBRUARY, THE other Articles, equally interesting to Oriental and General Readers-Proceedings at Liverpool connected with Opening the Trade to India and China-Song: 'Godlike Liberty.'-On the Distinction in the American Colonies arising from Mixture of Blood-Song: Fiora bella, te amo.'-Voyage from Bussorah down the River Euphrates to Bushire-Greece-On the Mitigation of Negro Slavery-The Kenite-Advantageous Position of Egypt as a connecting link between England and India -The Maniac-On the Danger to which British India is exposed from a Russian Invasion-Historic Sketches written in India-Recent French Scientific Expedition to Egypt-Song: A Wee Drappie o't.'-Memoir of Mr. John Fowler HullTrade of Russia with China-On an Ill-timed Wish of A Happy New Year-Journey in the Interior of New South Wales-Sonnet on Visiting the Ruins of the Savoy Palace, early in the Morning-Character of Lord Byron-Memoirs of Lieutenant Shipp-Opinions and Maxims of the HindoosSlave Trade at the Island of Nias, Singapore-Suttees in India-Statistics of the Province of Bassein-Sonnet: 'Evening'-The Press at the Cape of Good Hope-Latest News from India: Death of Sir E. West and Sir C. Chambers-Civil and Military Appointments, Promotions, and Changes in IndiaBirths, Marriages, and Deaths-Shipping Intelligence-General List of Passengers, &c. &c. Printed for the Editor and Proprietor, and sold by W. LEWER, at the Office, No. 4, Wellington-street, Strand. TAMMERING, and other Defects of Speech, permanently removed, by MR. HUNT, No. 125, Regentstreet, London, and late of Trinity College, Cambridge, (Successor to Mr. Sams, of Bath. Mr. Hunt has practised this system with unprecedented success in the West of England, and very recently in the counties of Sussex, Surrey, and Kent. From Two to Six hours, (one hour a day,) will be generally found sufficient to remove the most inveterate case of Stam mering, unless the defect is organic, when a longer time will be requisite. Mr. H. has cured persons in a few hours, after they had been instructed by other Professors for months without deriving benefit. Instructions given gratis to the children of any of the Charitable Institutions of London. A Prospectus containing letters, references, &c., given on application. Post-paid letters will be promptly attended to. OF CHILDREN. The prac tical instructions for the prevention and cure of Deformity of Children by Mr. Sheldrake which appear in the Number of The Monthly Gazette of Health,' (158) published on the First Instant, merit the serious attention of parents of a young family. The full account of the extraordinary Trance near Cambridge, by Dr. Haveland, &c.; in the same Number, remarks on the late Trial of Cooper versus Wakley, for a libel, are also very interesting. Among the Medical Intelligence, may be particularly noticed new and effectual Remedies for Chilblains, Rheumatism, Stiff Joints, Worms, Indigestion, general and local Debility; and, also, Epilepsy, Wen, Scrofula, &c.; Exposure of the Adulteration of Wine, and the Consump tive Effects of the practice of a pretended Curer of Consumption: a new Operation for Inverted Eye-lids, by Stafford, Esq.; Vaccination, as practised at the Small-Pox Hospital. A Number of this popular work is published on the First of every Month, price la,, and may be had of all Booksellers in the United Kingdom, London: Printed and Published every Wednesday morning, by WILLIAM LEWER, at the Office, No. 4, Wellington street, Strand. No. 67. AND LITERARY CHRONICLE. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1829. REVIEWS OF NEW BOOKS. REFORMATION AND REVOLUTION IN ENGLAND. Life of Archbishop Laud, &c. Lingard's Hist. vii. &c.* Ir is a just remark of one of those writers whose works have done the most, and the most unalloyed service towards clearing up the records of the past, for the enlightenment and guidance of the present, that the separation of the spiritual from the temporal authority, in its origin, instead of being a device of priestly tyranny, instilling barren hearts with conscientious slavery,' was, in intention as well as in effect, a vindication of the spiritual liberty of man, a last enclosure of what yet survived of mental cultivation in the midst of utter waste and barbarity-a sole asylum of op pressed and homeless intellect, where it might flourish and aspire, unchecked by feudal and hereditary bondage. It is true that its collective independence on all secular authority, proclaimed by the Church, was hardly, at the earliest period, founded on the rights of individual conscience. It is also true that, so soon as individual opinion could make itself heard in the relenting din of outrage and violence, that which had been the sanctuary of mind became its prison-the dark and fir-like forestry of monachism, which, with its formal lines, had sheltered fairer foliage from the tempest, was only fit to be lopped down as an obstruction to the mature and spreading honours of intelligence. And yet it would be cynical and wretched philosophy, unworthy of historians, unworthy of men, to judge an institution altogether by the vices, of which the germs seemed inoffensive in its origin, and of which the fruits have withered with its decay; or to heap with indiscriminating ignorant abuse the aids and appliances of national childhood, because they are dispensed with, or speedily to be so, in the man hood of civilisation. Price 8d. They can neither conceive nor describe (except its utter abandonment, as if the lofty wish of Dr. Lingard's present volume is in no way remarkably distinguished from those which preBut, although the times of which we are speak- ceded it, except by the importance of the events ing might be fertile of anomalies in speculative which it records. It exhibits the same acuteness matters, of opinions ill-grounded and incongruous, of research and general accuracy of statement, originating in confused and inadequate percep- combined with philosophically calm deduction, tions of the nature and demands of the crisis; which the public was prepared to expect from his yet, on the other hand, the conduct of statesmen pages; although these qualities are here and there obscured for a moment by the pardonable incillation, infirmity, or duplicity of purpose, which fluence of that class of feelings which those who was, comparatively, exempt from that sort of vahas been, it must be owned, the growth of later most exclaim against them in others, most uncondays; requiring for its nurture and encourage- seiously indulge themselves. Of this à notable ment a finer soil and more benign influences example is afforded by the biography which now than were granted at that rough and honest era. lies before us, and which is just such a production The social interests which joined in that struggle as at this day an apology for Laud might be exwere marked out with a degree of distinctness, pected to be. Not that we have the smallest Nor less absurd are the comments on a later and defended with a singleness of purpose, scarce wish to depreciate the really curious facts which period of history, when the principle of which conceivable in these days of moderation and of may be found in these volumes, or to intercept the rude and general recognition belongs to the compromise. The old established principles of whatever good impression may be made by the first ages of the Church, came to receive a more sovereignty stood committed in hostility with a still more curious accompanying sentiments, in consistent and particular application, at the era power which, if not of recent origin, had put the quarters for which they are intended. Of the of religious reforms. Setting down, with the forth too recently effective claims to partnership latter (the sentiments) some idea may be formed habitual logic of half-instructed minds, the super- in government, either to be received without re- from the extracts which we made in a former ficial forms and features of the epoch before sistance within the pale of recognised authority, or article; of the former (the facts) we find it grathem, as if these expressed its real and entire divided into manageable corps and factions. On tifying to record a single instance of the amiable character, some have mistaken the half views and the one side, prerogative, supported by the ener-pliancy, by which they are induced-not to distort abortive struggles of the combatants as involving vated and spiritless wreck of feudal nobility, by the or contradict themselves-but only to appear the whole meaning and results of the conflict. maxims of the English law, and by the sermons of with such reserve and discretion as may best befit The Reformation, in their narrative, is nothing but the state-clergy; on the other, the aspiring inde- the author's conclusions: a tissue of the motley freaks and follies of sects, pendent Commons, professing to restrict their with, of course, a salvo in favour of that pure and claims within the legallimits of undoubted and rescriptural communion to which they themselves peatedly confirmed franchises, yet intent upon sehappen to belong. More especially, when they curities for freedom more ample than their charget to that momentous crisis, when the spirit of ters could pretend to bestow, and, in effect, relying free inquiry, which had been roused by the Re-less upon prescription and parchments than on formation, and which the narrow ecclesiastical that formidable and growing strength of property policy of Elizabeth and James had been unable and intelligence which were sufficient to secure to lay, came at length into direct and hostile col- their political preponderance, and to constitute lision with those monstrous politico-religious ju- the natural aristocracy of the land. However risdictions, the deformed and hybrid progeny of otherwise aristocratic in connexion might be Church and State, a mighty maze without a many of the members of this body, the popular plan' is all they can discover in the quick suc-interest prevailed amongst them; nor was the cessive incidents of that memorable revolution. We have already taken some notice of the works of which the titles stand at the head of our present article; but the importance of their subject-matter appears to ask for more than we had hitherto leisure to bestow, either in the shape of direct criticism, or of general historical speculation. struggle which arose for purely popular institu- And then took place a very different order of To assert that Laud persecuted men who were united with him in every point of Christian faith, is, to say the least, an evidence of very superficial knowledge, as no opinions can be more opposite than those of the liberal man, who believes that salvation is within the reach of every human being to whom it is preached, Calvinist, who plunges into the secret things of God, if he choose to accept it; and those of the gloomy presumptuously brings forward his dogma of predestination, and sets limits to the grace of God, which God himself never set. In this instance, Dr. Symmons' bigotry and littleness are farther evident. Nor is his assertion, that "the Prelate noted in his Diary the execution of the butchering sentences of the StarChamber and High Commission with the cool malignity of a fiend," in any respect more veracious. From this a reader would infer, that there are many such sentences recorded, whereas Leighton's is the solitary instance: even the sentence of Burton, Prynne, and Bastwick, in 1637, in many respects merited, which the frenzied authors of the "History of the Dissenters" designate "a most infamous tragedy," is not recorded |