guefe nations, with its natural attendant, an indignant disdain of the tyrant who endeavours to enflave them. Thefe general fentiments entitle the Author to our fincere praife, although, in fome particnlars, his fentiments and our's very widely differ.

After a variety of remarks on the erroneous principles on which (in the Author's opinion) our fupport to the Spaniards has hitherto been afforded, he propofes two alternatives for our adop tion; namely, that we fhould either put forth our whole ftrength as a military power, and make ourselves, for a time, upon Spanish ground, principals in the conteft, or that we fhould direct our attention to giving fupport rather in things than in men. The for. mer plan (for the execution of which he requires at least two hundred thousand men to be poured into the Peninfula) he confiders as practicable, though requiring great facrifices, and argues at fome length, to fhow that the power of our adverfary, if once fuccefsfully refifted, would foon be broken. "If this attempt," he adds, "be above the ftrain and temper of the country, there remains only a plan laid down upon the other principles; namely, fervice (as far as is required) in things rather than in men ; that is, men being fecondary to things." From a middle courfe, he thinks, no good is to be expected. Military ftores and arms fhould be furnished with unfailing liberality. Troops alfo should be fupplied, but they fhould act feparately, taking strong pofitions apon the coaft; and, above all, he recommends a floating army, keeping the enemy in conftant uncertainty where he is to be attacked. Having stated these plans, the Author cenfures strongly the want of general and enlarged principles in the statesmen of the prefent age. We are willing to hope this opinion is carried too far. The rapid fluctuations of public events, and the uncommon difficulties in which the minifters of this country have been frequently placed, fince the beginning of the French revolution, may account for many of thofe apparent inconfiftencies which have been obferved in the conduct of perhaps every administration. We, however, cordially join in the Author's hope and perfuafion, that the tyrant of France will never fucceed in completely fubjugating the Spanish nation. Some of the principles upon which he founds this opinion are perhaps pushed to the extreme; but, without going fo far in this refpect, or reafoning wholly upon metaphyfical grounds, we cannot but perceive, notwithstanding the errors, the weaknefs, and (in too many inftances) the treachery of their leaders, a determined fpirit in the people of Spain which probably I will never be fubdued.

Upon the whole, the generous fpirit which this pamphlet breathes, and the knowledge of human nature, which, in many paffages, it evinces, claim attention and applaufe; although the Author's enthufiafm is not, we think, void of extravagance, al though his reafonings partake too much of refinement, and although his ftyle, though it often interefts by eloquence, as frequently fatigues by prolixity.

ART.

ART. 29. A Letter from Mr. Whitbread to Lord Holland, on the prefent Situation of Spains Third Edition. 8vo. 14 PP. Ridgway. 1808.

We know not by what accident it has happened, that this Letter, which, though not very elaborate in itfelf, produced much difcuffion from thofe public writers who noticed it, did not come before us for an earlier examination. So many have been the changes in public affairs, and especially in thofe of Spain, fince its first appearance, that we might now perhaps excufe ourselves from any remarks on its contents. Yet we cannot but give credit to the zeal of the Author for the cause of Spain, and of freedom; and to his candour and liberality in fpeaking of the measures adopted by an administration to which he was, on most other occafions, a determined opponent. The principal point, however, attempted to be inculcated in the Letter, is the propriety of attempting, notwithstanding the atrocious conduct of Buonaparte towards the king and people of Spain, again to negotiate a peace with that ambitious and infatiable tyrant. So attached is the honourable gentleman to this favourite fcheme, that he recommends our gravely propofing a treaty on the bafis of the restoration of Ferdinand VII. and the independence of his kingdoms. How fuch a propofal would have been met was plain, we think, at the time, and has fince been fully proved, by the indignant rejection of our defire only to make the Spanish government a party to the negotiation propofed by our enemies.

The above is the fubitance of the Letter before us. We muft, however, enter our decided proteft against the Author's doctrine, that "we have never poffeffed the advantage of being right in the eyes of God and man from the commencement of the conteft to the prefent hour;" a doctrine which condemns the Author's political friends almost equally with his adverfaries, and which, we believe, no other man of political weight, talents, and integrity, has, for a long time, maintained.

MILITARY.

ART. 30. A Refutation of Pierre Franc M'Callum's Remarks on the Royal Military College; proving that Inftitution to be a mist falutary, useful, and excellent Eftablishment, reflecting the greatest Honour on his Royal Highness the Duke of York. Dedicated to the Gentlemen Cadets of Great Marlow. By Lewis Theophilus Peithmann, Profeffor of the Royal Military College. 8vo. 36 pp. 2s. Wyatt. 1809.

That the Military College at Marlow is a falutary and ufeful establishment," and that the Remarks on it, by Mr. M'Callum, are founded in error, (if they have not fome worfe origin) we rea

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dily admit; but we cannot approve the flippant, and indeed abufive, ftyle of defence adopted by this writer. It confifts chiefly in beftowing upon his adverfary opprobrious epithets, and even nick-names, and in flatly contradicting rather than distinctly and clearly difproving his affertions. The author is, we believe, a foreigner. It is right, therefore, to apprize him, that this is not the way in which men of education, or men of the world, conduct controverfies in England. Mr. Pierre M'Callum (or Peter Mac, as he is farcaftically termed by this writer) may poffibly deferve all the indignation and contempt with which he is treated in this pamphlet; but fcurrility fhould, at all events, be avoided on fuch. occafions. The caufe which is defended by fuch a weapon is always fuppofed (though fometimes unjustly) to have no better fupport.

DIVINITY.

ART. 31. A Sermon, preached at Truro, at the Primary Vifitation of the Right Reverend the Bishop of Exeter, on the ft of July, 1809. By the Rev. William Gregor, M. A. Rector of Creed. 4to. pp. 22. Is. 6d. Rivingtons.

This is a very impreffive difcourfe. We have had occafion to notice, more than once, the Sermons of this gentleman, and to notice them with approbation. As the compofition before us is of a piece with the following fpecimen, our readers muft of neceflity form a favourable opinion of the whole.

"My reverend brethren! much more is required of us, than mere abftinence from evil, or from the appearances of it. The work, which we have undertaken to finish, admits of no negative qualities. It is the momentous work, of faving our own fouls and the fouls of others. The offence, against which we are warned, is the being afhamed of Jefus Chrift. But what is the pofitive duty of the Chriftian Minifter? Openly to confefs Jefus Chrift, to rejoice in him, and to glory in his crofs. Certain allowances may, indeed, be made for times and perfons, as to the mode in which Christian zeal is to be manifefted. But the fame mind' mut be in us that was in the Apostles. Between false shame and fincerity, there is no middle point of indifference. So it is, alfo, with refpect to the influence of our example and of our doctrine. We fhall either guide, or we fhall mislead; we fhall be refpected, or we fhall be defpised. And how forcibly is our bleffed Lord's declaration verified in the perfon of the Chriftian Minister. He that is not with me, is against me.' It is not fufficient, that we efcape cenfure, we must be exemplary. We must not only preach with our lips, but in our lives! Woe to that man, by whom the offence cometh,' is a fhort fentence of our Gospel, but what an

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awful warning does it comprife! Every circumftance, incident ́ to our profeffion, has a tendency to reprefs levity, and to give to our thoughts and our behaviour a caft of fobriety and seriousness. The retirement, in which we are ufually placed, the facred offices, in which we minifter, and the fcenes of fadnefs and folemnity, which we are called upon to witnefs, from the fick chamber to the grave, naturally lead our minds to the contemplation of a future ftate! We are the minifters of God's grace, to those who are just born into the world, and we are the minifters of confolation to our fellow mortals, that are about to leave it. We declare to the young, who are admitted into the Church of Christ, the conditions of their admiffion, that they fhall not be ashamed to confefs the Faith of Chrift crucified, and manfully to fight under his banner, against fin, the world, and the Devil;' and in the real Chriftian, lying on the bed of death, we behold the triumph of Chrift's faithful foldier! The caufe, then, my reverend brethren! which we have undertaken, is a glorious caufe. The Christian minifter, who faithfully maintains his poft, is a true patriot; he is the defender of his king and country; he promotes that, which can alone exalt a nation.' In his minifterial duties he will, therefore, difplay finglenefs of heart.' What he does he will do, as of God and in the fight of God.' The Gof. pel, which is committed to his trult, he will defend, with calm compofure, and determined courage. To the temptations and levities of the world, he will oppofe the steadfastness of a Christian's faith; and he will put to filence its fcoffs and contumelies, by propriety and confiftency of character and conduct; by dignity without pride, by zeal without enthufiafm! Who is fufficient for thefe things? It is Jefus Chrift, who ftrengtheneth us, by his Spirit. We have his recorded promife: Lo, I am with you alway even unto the end of the world.'"

་

We should obferve, that this Sermon is published for the benefit of the Cornwall Infirmary.

ART. 32. A Sermon preached at the Confecration of Christ's Church in Needwood, in the County of Stafford, on August 15, 1809, by the Rev. Thomas Gisborne, M. A. Published by particular Defire. 8vo. 27 PP. IS. Cadell and Davies.

It is a maxim, from which no departure should ever be made, that when steps are taken, tending to increase the utility and population of any district, they should be accompanied by efficient measures alfo to provide for divine worship. A very laudable. example is fet, in the inftance before us, refulting from the pious care and attention of the perfon who'e fermon is here announced.

On the paffing of the act for inclofing the Foreft of Needwood, containing upwards of 9400 acres, it became evident, says Mr. Gif. borne," that the new and progreffively increafing population, which was to be anticipated from the culture of fo large a track, would

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labour under very serious difficulties, with respect to attendance on public worship and religious ordinances. The churches and chapels of eafe in the circumjacent parishes, not only were in.. conveniently remote, but being already occupied and appropriated by the exifting inhabitants of the villages and hamlets, held forth no accommodation to an acceffion of fresh fettlers." P. 6. Thefe circumftances being reprefented to his Majefty, and a fund for building a church provided, from the noble bequeft of the late Ifaac Hawkins, Efq. (of which Mr. Gisborne and Mr. Ifaac Hawkins Browne were executors) a grant of 160 acres was easily obtained from the ready benevolence of his Majefty, and the fa cilities afforded by the proper minifters. In confequence of this, an act has been obtained for eftablishing the faid church, defining its rights, and providing against all injury to the feveral circum jacent parishes, between which the diftrict would otherwife have been divided.

The Sermon of Mr. Giborne is on the fubject of "believing with the heart and confeffing with the mouth," (Rom. x. 10.) which naturally leads to the neceffity and importance of public worship, The preacher, however, jully obferves, that no confeffion with the mouth can be profitable unto falvation, unless by the accompa... nying tenor of a holy life it proves itfelf to fpring from the be lief of the heart unto righteousness." It will not be doubted that the difcourfe is altogether forcible and appropriate. May doc. trines equally found and edifying be always preached at Chrift's Church, in Needwood!

ART. 33.

Lectures on the Liturgy, delivered in the Parish Church of St. Antholin, Watling-freet. By the Rev. Hnry Draper, D.D, 8vo. 574 PP. Ios. 6d. Williams and Smith.

Thefe lectures were published at the request of the congregation, and cannot therefore have failed to make an impreffion very grateful to the mind of the Author, who appears to write with the moft anxious defire of promoting the fpiritual interests of thofe entrusted to his care. We do not wonder that those who heard them delivered from the pulpit fhould wish to have them to read more at leifure at their own houfes, as a general explanation of our established forms of worship, in which perfons of all ages have fo near a concern. The Author's plan may be judged of from his own words. He tells us in his preface, that "his object was to fhew, that the liturgy of our national church is both fcriptural, and well adapted to the public worship of Almighty God. The various forms of prayers and praises it contains, are fuch as all true Chrif. tians may fafely adopt. The former will affift them in prefenting their fupplications at the throne of grace, while the latter will provide them with fuitable language for the expreffion of their gratitude to the Father of Mercies. In his illuftration of these fervices, the Author has confulted few modern writers. He has

endea.