t, as in tent. Tell, time, tune, matter, critic, debt, Thames, Thomas, receipt, indict, titter, better, chatter, tutor, taught, total.

th, as in thin. Thank, thick, theory, theatre, bath, path, mouth, month, breath, ether, thankful, thoughtful, thinking, atheist, thorn.

th, as in thine. This, thus, there, those, beneath, tithe, with, brethren, farthing, father, breathe, wreathe, heathen, weather, blithe, clothe, therefore.

V, as in valve. - Veer, vine, vivid, weave, seven, votive, revive, survive, twelve, revolve, preserve, reserve. w, as in wine.—Waft, wall, wonder, one, once, woo, wane, wormwood, weather, beware, weal, wayward, worth, worthless, wondrous, welcome.

wh, as in whit. Whale, where, when, what, why,

whether, white, whiten, whipping, whisper, whist. X, like ks, as in tax. - Box, six, next, text, except, sexton, execute, ex'ile, exhume, complexion.

X, like gz, as in exalt. — Exact, example, exempt, exert, exaltation, exile'.

y, as in yes.-Year, young, yawn, you, use, utility, yonder, yawl, million, poniard, rebellion, spaniel, filial, yawning, useful.

Z, as in zeal.-As, was, zephyr, maze, prize, flies, daisies, praises, arise, breezes, xanthine, Xerxes. z, like zh, as in azure. - Glazier, razure, leisure, seizure, collision, occasion, persuasion, osier, vision, explosion, treasure, pleasure, roseate.

1 Avoid omitting or slurring the h in compound words; as, hap’azard, for hap-hazard, off and for off hand.

2 The letter r, used as an initial, or before a vowel, is articulated by a forcible trill of the tongue against the upper gum. This sourd should never be prolonged. It is sometimes mispronounced thus: urray for ray; urrough, for rough.

CONSONANT COMBINATIONS.

Pronounce the following words distinctly and forcibly. The initial and final combinations are printed in Italics, and may also be pronounced separately. Words without connection of sense afford a better exercise in articulation than sentences.

1. Blue, block; brave, breath; draw, drift; dwell, dwarf; fly, flounce; free, fret; glen, glide; grain, growl; cleave, cleft, close; crave, crime, crust.

2. Play, plume; proud, prove; queen, quell; shriek, shrink; skill, sketch; screen, scrawl; slate, slug; smite, small; snow, snag; speak, space; sphere.

3. Splice, splash; spring, spread; squib, square; stain, still; stream, straw; threw, thrift; thwack, thwart; truce, trash; tweed, twine; wheat, when.

4. Curb, bulb; wolf, scarf, triumph, laugh; dirge; lunch, lurch; marsh, walsh; ink, jerk; desk, earl, trample; film, storm, prism, rhythm; earn, black'n, open; lisp, vamp, usurp, scalp; delve, carve.

5. Act, sift, felt, sent, learnt, sort, most, first, apt, canst, lisp'd, pump'd, work'd, thank'd, risk'd, rock'd, froth'd, heap'd, fenc'd, pitch'd, repuls'd, scath'd.

6. Wants, wilts, facts, starts, precepts, roasts; dense, once, science, else; necks, silks, inks, basks; proofs, cuffs, sylphs; tenths, truths, depths, twelfths.

7. Want'st, will'st, left'st, attempt'st, help'st, hop'st, dup'st, usurp'st, coff'st, laugh'st, ask'st, lurk'st, sweet'n'st, licens'd.

8. Ebb'd, fobb'd, comb'd, long'd, oblig'd, urg'd, breath'd, world, snarl'd, arm'd, whelm'd, end, open'd, heard, spar'd, liv'd, starv'd, bronz'd, buzz'd.

9. Liv'dst, prov'dst, fill'dst, learn'dst, charm'dst, long'dst, digg'dst, lov'dst, blabb'dst, dazzl'dst.

PRONUNCIATION.

Pronunciation is the utterance of the words of a language. It includes articulation and accent.

REMARKS TO TEACHERS. In a department so extensive as that of pronunciation, it is impossible to give any complete and at the same time practical summary. Learners, therefore, should frequently consult a dictionary of the English language, and all words which they have been accustomed to mispronounce should be frequently and correctly uttered aloud, to remedy the defect. Words which may be accurately and distinctly pronounced, when the attention is particularly directed to them in the exercises, are liable to be mispronounced when they occur in sentences. The attention of teachers is especially called to the following errors, as some of the more common ones to which pupils are liable in pronunciation:

1. The omission or feeble utterance of the final consonant, viz. :— an, for and; moun, for mound; mornin, for morning; des, for desk; wep, for wept; beas, for beasts, &c.

2. The blending of syllables belonging to different words,1 viz.:-Ther ris sa calm, for There is a calm; The pure rin art, for The pure in heart, &c.

3. The omission or wrong sound of the vowel in the final syllable, viz. :vess❜l for vessel; baskit for basket; iss, or uss, for ess, as goodniss for goodness; ist, or ust, for est, as honust for honest; ud, for ed, as learnud for learned; unt, for ent or ant; unce, for ance, &c.

4. The omission of an unaccented syllable, viz. :- sep'rate, for separate; cur'osity for curiosity; num'rus for numerous; ema'shate for emaciate (sheate); lib'ry for library; glor'us for glorious; expe'rence for experience, &c.

5. The omission of a consonant where one word terminates and the next begins with a consonant, viz. :-Almos to despair, for Almost to despair; The man ad two sons, for The man had two sons; Sof silence, for Soft silence; That las till morn, for That last still morn, &c.

6. Perverting the sound o and ow final into that of ur, viz. :—potatur, for potato; fellur, for fellow; windur, for window.

7. The omission of h in words commencing with wh, as wen for when, wat for what, wich for which, &c.; also, in words commencing with sh, as srink for shrink, srub for shrub.

8. The addition of the sound of r to the end of certain words, as idear for idea, sawr for saw, awr for awe, &c.

9. The omission of the sound of r in certain words, as fâh for for, wâm for warm, shawt for short, cawd for cord, watah for water, &c.

10. The prolongation or drawling of a vowel sound, as măăn, for măn; měěn, for men ; tōōne, for tōne, &c.

11. The giving of a flat, drawling, or nasal sound for the sound of ou as in our, as naow, or neow, for now; caow, for cow; saoond, for sound, &c.

1 In this fault we find the chief difficulty which many people have in speaking so as to be understood distinctly. Persons with only a moderate voice can be heard with ease in any part of a large hall if they are careful to send out each word from the lips perfect in itself, and clearly cut off from the others.

VOWEL AND CONSONANT SOUNDS IN SENTENCES.

A sentence is an assemblage of words so joined as to

make complete sense.

The following sentences are arranged to aid rect enunciation, both of vowels and consonants.

the learner in acquiring a corThe vowels to which attention is to be especially directed are printed in Italics. By having the class pronounce these sentences in concert after the teacher, a sufficient volume of voice can best be secured. To insure accuracy of utterance, let them be pronounced by individual pupils.

a long, as in fāte.· Stay, lady, stay, for mercy's sake! The breaking waves dashed high. To praise the hand that pays thy pains. Well hast thou framed, old man, thy strains! O, gaoler, haste that fate to tell! a short, as in făt. I am not mad! The greatest study of mankind is man. He bade me stand and hear my doom. As on a jag of a mountain crag. a Italian, as in fär. Hast thou a charm to stay the morning-star? Here it comes sparkling, and there it lies darkling. Ay, laugh, ye fiends! Not a soldier discharged his farewell shot. To arms! to arms! they come! they come! Charge, Chester, charge! a broad, as in fall. So long he seems to pause on thy bald, awful head. His tall and manly form was bowed. Trust him little who praises all. Aurora, now, fair daughter of the dawn.

a long before r, as in fare. I dare to meet the lion in his lair. O happy pair! O happy fair! Thou hast been careful with all this care. Let me but bear your love, I'll bear your cares.

a intermediate, as in fast. O grant me what I ask at last! Faster come, faster come, faster and faster. On the blast he flew swiftly past. What masks, what dances shall we have!

We

e long, as in me. - 'Tis sweet to see the evening star appear. Hear, O ye nations! hear it, O ye dead! Up a high hill he heaves a huge round stone. would not seek a battle as we are; nor as we are, say we, we will not shun it.

e short, as in mět. — Uprouse ye, then, my merry merry men! Eternal summer gilds them yet, but all, except their sun, is set. He saw an elk upon the banks of the Elbe.

i long, as in pine. - For life, for life, their flight they ply. His blithest notes the piper plied. What! silent still, and silent all?

i short, as in pin.

Bring hither, then, the wedding ring. Him first, him last, him midst, and without end. His glimmering lamp still, still I see. My pretty, pretty lad.

o long, as in nōte. In solemn measure, soft and slow, arose the father's notes of woe. Echo on echo, groan for groan. Roll on, thou deep and dark blue ocean, roll. Cold, bitter cold; no warmth, no light.

thy cold, gray stones, O Sea!

On

O short, as in not. O'er stock and rock their race they

take. He plods from the spot. Yon sun that sets upon the sea, we follow in his flight.

o long and close, as in move. The Moor was doomed

to do or die. Who spoke of love? Alas, poor Clarence! As I do live by food, I met a fool, a motley fool.

u long, as in tube. Your voices in His praise attune. Adieu, adieu; my native shore fades o'er the waters blue. Eye the blue vault, and bless the useful light. Few, few shall part where many meet!