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Lusus natura.-A play or freak of nature.

Magna Charta.-The great Charter.

Magna est veritas et prævalebit.-Truth is most powerful, and will ultimately prevail.

Mala fide.-In bad faith.-With a design to deceive.

Malum in se.-A thing evil in itself.

Mandamus.-We order.

Mauvaise honte. Fr.-False shame.
Maximum.-The greatest possible.

Mediocria firma.-The middle station is the safest.
Memento mori.-Remember death.

Memoria in æterna.-In eternal remembrance.
Minimum.-The smallest possible.
Minutia.-Trifles.-To enter into minutia.
Mirabile dictu!-Wonderful to tell!
Mirabile visu!-Wonderful to behold!

Mirum!-Wonderful!

Mirum in modum.-In a wonderful manner.

Misnomer. Fr.-The mistake of a name; or using one name for another. Modus operandi.-The method or manner of operating.

Multum in parvo.-Much in little.-A great deal said in a few words. Necessitas non habet legem.-Necessity has no law.

Ne exeat.-Let him not go out.

Nem. con. for nemine contradicente, and,

Nem. diss. for nemine dissentiente.-No person opposing or disagreeing. These two phrases are synonymous.

Ne plus ultra.-Nothing more beyond.

Nil debet.-He owes nothing.-The usual plea in an action of debt. Nil dicit.-He says nothing.

Nisi prius.-Unless before.

Nolens, volens.-Willing or unwilling.

Noli me tangere.-Do not touch me.

Nolle prosequi.-To be unwilling to proceed.

Non assumpsit.-He did not assume, or take to himself.

Non compas mentis.-Not of sound mind.-In a delirium of lunacy. Non conscire sibi.-Conscious of no fault.

Non constat.-It does not appear.

Non est inventus.-He has not been found.
Non nobis solum.-Not merely for ourselves.
Non obstante.-Notwithstanding.
Non sequitur.-It does not follow.
Nosce teipsum.-Know thyself.
Nota bene.-Mark well.
Nucleus.-The kernel.

Nudum pactum.-A naked agreement.

Nulla bona.-No goods.

Nunc aut nunquam.-Now or never.

On dit. Fr.-It is said.-It is an on dit.-It is merely a loose report.

Onus probandi.-The burden of proving.

Opera pretium est.-"It is worth while" to hear or to attend.

Ore tenus. From the mouth. The testimony was ore tenus.

O tempora! O mores!-Oh the times and the manners.

Pacta conventa.--Conditions agreed upon.

Panacea. From the Greek.-A remedy for all diseases.
Par excellence. Fr.-By way of eminence.

Pari passu. With an equal pace.-By a similar gradation.

Paritur pax bello. CORN. NEP.-Peace is produced by war.
Particeps criminis.--A partaker in the crime-an accessary
Passim.--Every where.-In various places.
Pater noster.-Our father.

Pater patria.-The father of his country.
Penchant. Fr.-Propensity, inclination, desire.
Per annum-Per diem.-By the year--by the day.
Per se.-By itself.--No man likes mustard per se.
Perseverando.-By perseverance.

Pluries.--At several times.

Posse comitatûs.-The power of the county.
Posse videor. The appearance of being able.
Postea. Afterwards.

Post factum, nullum consilium.-After the deed is done, there is no use in consultation.

Post mortem.-After death.

Postulata.--Things required.

Primum mobile.--The first cause of motion.

Primus inter pares.-The first amongst his equals.

Principia non homines.--Principles--not Men.

Pro bono publico.-For the public good.

Pro confesso.-As if conceded.

Pro et con.--For and against.

Pro hâc vice.--For this turn.

Pro libertate patriæ.-For the liberty of my country.

Pro patria.--For my country.

Promenade. Fr.--A walk--a fashionable place for walking.

Pro tempore. For the time.

Quantum.--How much.--The quantum.-The due proportion.

Quantum libet.-As much as you please.

Quantum meruit.-As much as he has deserved.

Quantum sufficit.-A sufficient quantity.

Quid nunc. What now?-What is the news at present?

Quid pro quo.--What for what.-An equivalent.

Qui facit per alium, facit per se.-What a man does by another, he does by or through himself.

Qui non negat, fatetur.--He who does not deny, virtually confesses. Qui non proficit, deficit.-He who does not advance, goes backward. Qui prior est tempore, potior est jure.-He who is first in point of time, has the advantage in point of law.

Qui tam.-Who as well.

Quoad hoc.--As far as this.--Or, as relates to this matter

Quo animo?-With what mind?

Quo jure.-By what right.

Quorum.--Of whom, or-a sufficient number to proceed in business. Quorum pars fui.--Of whom I was one.--In which I have participated Quota.-How much-how many.

Quo warranto.-By what warrant.

Respondeat superior.-Let the principal answer.

Respublica.-The common-weal.-The general interest.

Salvo jure.--Saving the right.-A clause of exception.
Sanctum Sanctorum.-The Holy of Holies.

Sang froid. Fr.--Cold blood.--Indifference, apathy.

Sans changer. Fr.--Without, changing

Scire facias.-Cause it to be known.
Secundum artem.-According to art.

Secundum formam statuti.--According to the form of the statute.
Seriatim.--In order.-According to place or seniority.

Sic transit gloria mundi.—Thus fades the glory of this world.
Sicut ante.-As before.

Sine cura.-Without charge.-A sinecure.

Sine die.-Without a day.-The business was deferred sine die.
Sine dubio.-Without doubt;-assuredly.

Sine invidia.-Without envy.-Not speaking invidiously.

Sine odio.-Without hatred.-I speak sine odio.

Sine quâ non.-A thing without which another cannot be.
Soi-disant. Fr.-Self-called.

Sola nobilitas virtus.-Virtue alone is true nobility.
Sub pand.-Under a penalty.

Sub silentio.-In silence.

Succedaneum.-A substitute.--A matter substituted.
Sui generis.-Of its own kind.

Summum bonum.-The chief good.

Supersedeas.-You may remove or set aside.

Super subjectam materiam.-On the matter submitted.
Super visum corporis.-Upon a view of the body.
Tant mieux. Fr.-So much the better.
Tant pis. Fr.-So much the worse.

Te Deum (laudamus.)-Thee, Lord, (we praise.)
Tempus omnia revelat.-Time reveals all things.
Terra incognita.-An unknown land or country.

Tête à tête. Fr.-Head to head.-In close conversation.
Tout bien ou rien. Fr.-The whole or nothing.

Tout ensemble. Fr.-The whole taken together.
Tuebor.-I will defend.

Ubi jus incertum, ibi jus nullum.-Where the law is uncertain, there is no law.

Ubi libertas, ibi patria.-Where liberty dwells, there is my country.
Ult-ultimus.-The last.

Unique. Fr.-Sole, singular, extraordinary.
Vade mecum.-Go with me.

Vedettes. Fr.-Sentinels on horseback.

Venditioni exponas.-You shall expose for sale.

Venire facias.-You shall cause, or order to come.

Veni, vidi, vici.-I came, I saw, I conquered.

Verbatim et literatim.-Word for word, and letter for letter.
Veritas vincit.-Truth conquers.

Versus.-Against.

Veto.-I forbid.

Vice versa. The terms being exchanged.

Vide.-See.-Vide ut supra. See the preceding statement.

Vide et crede.-See and believe.

Vi et armis.-By force and arms.

Vincit amor patria.-The love of my country overcomes.
Vincit omnia veritas.-Truth conquers all things.

Vincit veritas.-Truth prevails.

Vis inertie. The power of inertness.

Vivat Respublica.-May the Republic long continue.

Viva voce.-By the living voice.

Voir dire. Fr.-A witness is examined upon a voir dire, when he is

sworn and examined whether he be not interested in the cause.

Vox populi, vox Dei.-The voice of the people is the voice of God.

46

RECOMMENDATIONS.

From the Secretary of the State of New York.

"Mr. GOULD, Albany, Jan. 14, 1823. "Dear Sir---Having examined the system of Short Hand, which you are about to publish, I am satisfied that it possesses merits, which ought to recommend it to the attention of the public. The improvements which you have made, in relation to the facility of writing and legibility of the hand, are obvious; and your design of introducing it into schools, appears to be peculiarly happy, and well calculated to bring into public estimation an accomplishment, which cannot fail of being admired, when its unbounded utility is compared with the trifling time and means necessary to its acquisition.

"The plan of exhibiting your theory upon a card, at a single view, to a whole school, (and thus reducing the expense of furnishing schools, from dollars to cents,") is so admirably adapted to economy, and the general extension of the system throughout our country, that it must meet the approbation of every lover of science, and receive the patronage of the community, ever alive to the prosperity and happiness of the rising generation; and I shall most cheerfully recommend it to the notice of our legislature, now in session, and to the public in general. I am yours, with respect and esteem, J. V. N. YATES." Secretary of State, and acting Superintendent of Common Schools, in New York.

From one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of New York.

"TO THE PUBLIC.

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"I certify with great pleasure, that Mr. M. T. C. Gould is a gentleman of excellent reputation and of highly respectable attainments: of his professional skill, from what I know, and have heard from competent judges, I have no hesitation to say, that he stands deservedly high. "W. W. VAN NESS," Judge of the Supreme Court, State of New York.

Albany, 4th of April, 1821."

"We the subscribers, most heartily unite with the honourable W. W. Van Ness, in recommending to public patronage, Mr. M. T. C. Gould, with whom we have been for many years acquainted.

"SQUIRE MANRO,
"JAMES O. WATTLES, Judges.
"TRUMAN ADAMS, Clerk.
"H. L. GRANGER, Sheriff.
"V. BIRDSEYE." D. Attorney.

From the Clerk of the Assembly of the State of New York. "Mr. M. T. C. GOULD, "Albany, March 15, 1891. "Sir--As you have terminated your course of six lessons in short hand writing, which I desired you to instruct me, and having justly deserved my decided approbation for the skill and ability with which I know you teach that science, I take this opportunity to put you in possession of my sincere recommendation.

"Of the utility, importance, and great value of short hand writing, no one can doubt, who understands it. I confess I am astonished to find so little time, so little labour, and above all, so little money, necessary to the acquisition of a knowledge of this delightful and convenient art. Did all classes of men reflect upon and consider the subject, I doubt not they would soon become masters of it. I hope you will continue your instructions---I hope you will explain your system, particularly its simplicity, to our public teachers and their pupils, and I believe you will be liberally patronized. I sincerely wish you success.

"I remain your humble servant,
"AARON CLARK."
(And two hundred others.)

From the State of New Jersey.

"I have been personally acquainted with Mr. Gould, for some years; and I have no hesitation in recommending him, as a Stenographer, eminently qualified for his profession, and a person worthy of confidence and encouragement.

"New Brunswick, Sept. 16, 1823."

"Rev. JOHN DE WITT, Professor in Theological Seminary.

"As a Stenographer, Mr. Gould stands at the head of his profession in this country; of this I am satisfied, both from the publications which I have seen concerning him, and the recommendations in his possession; and I most cheerfully recommend 'him, to those who y be desirous to acquire a knowledge of short hand. Elizabeth Town, Aug. 28, 1824. "Rev. JOHN M'DOWELL."

fully concur in the above recommendation, as well from the general reputation

47

RECOMMENDATIONS.

of Mr. Gould, as from a knowledge of his system, having seen it taught in the seminary under my care. "Rev. JOHN C. RUDD."

"Elizabeth Town, Aug. 28, 1824.

From the New York Patriot.

"M. T. C. Gould, of this city, has just published the fourth edition of his Analytic Guide and Authentic Key to the art of Short Hand Writing. This system of Stenography is recommended in the most flattering terms by the Secretary of this State, by the late Clerk of the Assembly, by the Professors of several colleges in this and other States; and resolutions recommending it have been passed by the studeuts of Yale College. The work just published, is designed for the instruction of those who live at a distance from a teacher, and seems to be well adapted to the purpose. The elegant art of Stenography ought to form a part of the common school education; for it will be a pleasure and a benefit to those who may acquire it."

From the United States Literary Gazette, No.10.

In a review of Mr. Gould's Short Hand, the editors of the Gazette say: "The little book before us is very well executed, and is the best we have seen. We learn from the advertisement, that the same theory has been published upon a card, in a letter so large as to be legible to a whole school at once, thus materially abridging the labour of teaching, and reducing the expense of systems from dollars to cents. All this is very well, and we hope the public will reward Mr. Gould for labours, from which they may derive much benefit. We are decidedly of the opinion, that Short Hand should be introduced into our Colleges and Academies, and be considered essential in a liberal education."

From Yale College-First Class.

"WE the subscribers, members of Yale College, most cheerfully unite with the young gentlemen of other colleges, in expressing our entire approbation of Mr. Gould's System of Stenography, which he has lately taught in this institution. He is certainly entitled to much credit for the improvements which he has made upon this invaluable Art: and we have no reason to doubt, that his excellent system will soon become a standard for Short Hand, in the United States.

"Our progress in the art fully warrants us in recommending him to public patronage, and his system to general use. (Signed by 80 of the Students.)

"Yale College, Aug. 1, 1823."

From Yale College-Second Class.

RESOLUTIONS passed by Mr. Gould's second class at Yale College, consisting of about one hundred young gentlemen, attached to the Medical and Academical departments of this Institution, Dec. 5, 1823.

"Resolved, That the thanks of this class be presented to Mr. Gould, for the able and interesting manner in which he has communicated to us a knowledge of his admirable system of Short Hand, which must be admired by all who know its merits.

Resolved, That we most cordially concur in the opinion expressed at many other Colleges, and particularly by a class of 80 young gentlemen, who attended Mr. Gould's instructions in this Institution, in July last, viz: that our progress fully warrants us in recommending the Author and System to public patronage." (Signed by about one hundred.)

From Union, Williams, and Hamilton Colleges.

"Having attended Mr. Gould's instruction in Short Hand writing, we fully concur with others in opinion, that his experience in this art has placed him at the head of his profession, and that his system of writing, and method of teaching, richly entitle him to public patronage. Our progress in the art has fully answered our expectations, and is a sufficient testimonial in favour of the system here recommended.' (Signed by more than one hundred.) "I have attended to Mr. Gould's method of teaching Short Hand, and most cheerfully recommend it and him to the encouragement of every one. "JOEL B. NOTT, "Union College, Schenectady, July 16, 1822.” Professor of Chemistry, &c.

From Union College.

"The undersigned states with pleasure, that he has examined the principles of Stenography as taught by Mr. M. T. C. Gould, and has witnessed the success with which the young gentlemen in college have attended to the acquisition of this art, under his instruction. The system is remarkably simple; the art is acquired with great facility, and is worthy of the atten tion and patronage of all literary men. "ANDREW YATES, "Union College, July 16, 1822." Professor of Moral Philosophy, S

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