DESCRIPTION OF THE RIGI RAILWAY. But a THE gradient over about one - third rangements made with this view are of the line is 1 in 4, i.e. for every 4 ft. worth a short description, to satisfy of length the line rises 1 ft. This is the minds of nervous people. Colexceedingly steep, much steeper, in lisions at such a slow speed are not to fact, than would be practicable for be feared: the dangers are of two horse-carriages on ordinary roads, other kinds. In the first place the and in this consists the extraordinary engine or carriage might get off the character of the railway. To ascend rails, which, with a precipice of some or descend such a gradient by ordinary thousands of feet close alongside, railway appliances would be imprac- might have an uncomfortable result. ticable; stationary engines and ropes This is provided against by a clip on would be difficult of application and both engine and carriage, which emhighly dangerous, and it has there- braces two projections on the middle fore been necessary to adopt a system or rack-rail ; so that if the flanges of of propulsion which, though it was the wheels should run off their rails tried in the infancy of railways, has the vehicle cannot get away: never been used in their practical more serious risk to be development, namely, the rack and guarded against is that of the train pinion. Two rails are laid down on becoming unmanageable and running the ordinary plan, but between them down ; a risk which always exists on is placed a long-toothed rack, in which steep gradients even in ascending, engage the teeth of a pinion or toothed and still more in the descent. On wheel, worked by the locomotive, and ordinary railways the control is efthe revolution of this wheel causes fected by breaks applied to the wheels; the ascent of the train. but on such an incline as 1 in 4 The engine is made as light as pos. these would be useless, for even with sible, there being no necessity, as on all the wheels locked the train would ordinary railways, to procure adhe. still run down by its own gravity. sion by weight on the wheels. It has Hence it has been necessary to devise little resemblance to an ordinary loco- an entirely different scheme, which is motive, the boiler being upright: and most ingenious and perfectly effective. with a view to give it a vertical posi- The carriage is provided on one of its tion when on the steep gradient, it axles with a cogged-wheel similar to slopes considerably when standing at the driving-wheel on the engine, and the stations, which has a very odd double-clip breaks, worked by powerappearance. Only one carriage is ful screws, are applied to drums taken up at a time; it is very light, fastened on this shaft; so that by but will carry about 50 passengers; screwing these tight a hold is obwhen a greater number have to be tained on the rack-rail, and the carconveyed extra trains are sent. The riage is held up with great security. speed, both ascending and descending, The locomotive is provided with a is purposely kept very slow, not much similar break on its free axle, while exceeding 3 m. an hr. the driving-axle has a still more The great point aimed at is to en- powerful break adapted to the shaft sure safety, which, with such a fright of the engine, so giving a double fully, steep gradient is a difficult security in case of the accidental problem. "It has however been care- fracture of any part of the machinery. fully studied, and the ingenious ar- With these breaks the train, while running down at the slow speed cast steel, these materials giving the SWITZERLAND. The names of many places are necessarily repeated in several Routes; but to facilitate reference, they are printed in Italics only in those Routes under wlich they are fully c Lauterbrunnen to Grindelwald D Grindelwald to Reichenbach or (Railway)—the Weissenstein . 9 E Meiringen to Brienz and Interlaken-Giessbach Falls. 95 12 26 Meiringen to Hospenthal- 5 Bâle to Berne, by Railway 15 Passes of the Grimsel and Furca 97 6 Bâle to Zürich, by Railway 15 27 Passes leading to or from the 19 Strahleck and Lauteraar Joch (Railway)-Lake of Constance. 23 B Gadmenthal to Grimsel 104 9 Schaffhausen to Zürich (Rhein- 10 Romanshorn to Zürich (Railway) 32 D To Meiringen, over the 12 Zürich to Berne, by Railway 32 Lauteraar and Gauli Glaciers. 106 13 Zürich to Ragatz, Lakes of 28 Grimsel to Brieg, by Ober- Zürich and Wallenstadt (Rly.) 32 gestelen--the Egyischhorn 106 15 Zürich to Lucerne and the 31 Stanz to Altdorf, by the Surc- Rigi, by Horgen, Zug, and nen, Engelberg—the Titlis 112 39 | 32 Susten Pass, from Meiringen 16 Zürich to Lucerne, over the Albis, or by Railway 47 33 The Joch Pass 17 Lucerne to Schwyz—the Ross- 52 34 Pass of St. Gothard, from 58 Lucerne, to Bellinzona. 117 19 The Pass of the Brünig.- 35 Lauterbrunnen or Mürren to 63 thal, by the Tschingel Glacier 128 20 Sarnen to Engelberg or 36 Lauterbrunnen to Kandersteg, 22 Lucerne to Berne or Thun, 37 Pass of the Gemmi, Thun to and to Susten in the Valais. 131 69 38 Turtman to Kandersteg, by 24 Lucerne to Berne, by Railway 70 the Lötsch Pass 25 THE BERNESE OBERLAND. 76 39 Pass of the Rawyl.—Thun, or A Berne to Thun and Interlaken 77 Interlaken, to Sion or Sierre. 40 Lenk to Lauenen, by the Trütt- 66 Rorschach to Coire, by Ragatz 141 67 Bregenz to Coire, by Vaduz 227 41 Pass of the Sanetsch-Saanen 68 Rorschach or St. Gall to Gais 42 Thun to Vevey, by the Simmen- 143 69 St. Gall to Rapperschwyl or Bex, by the Val des Ormonts 147 Herisau 45 Berne to Lausanne (and Ve- 71 Wylto Coire- The Toggenburg 233 149 72 Wesen, or Richterschwyl, to 46 Berne to Lausanne, by Morat Schwyz- Einsiedeln Mor- 156 73 Schwyz to Glarus, by Muotta, and Neuchâtel (Railway) 16074 Wesen to Glarus and the Baths 50 Neuchâtel to Chaux de Fonds and Le Locle (Rail.) 162 75 Muotta to Stachelberg, by the Bisithal, or to Altdorf, by the Neuchâtel, by Travers (Rail.) 164 Kinzig Kulm 52 Yverdon, or Lausanne, to the 76 Stachelberg to Altdorf, by the 53 Lyons, or Mâcon, to Geneva 77 Stachelberg to Dissentis, by the 55 Geneva to Villeneuve, by Lau- 78 Stachelberg to Brigels, over Lake of Geneva (Railway), 181 79 Glarus Stachelberg to 56 Villeneuve to Sierre, by Mar. 192 80 Glarus to Ilánz, by the Pa- 57 Geneva to Martigny,by Thonon and Meillerie, along the south 82 Coire, up the Valley of the shore of the Lake of Geneva 199 Vorder-Rhein, to Dissentis, and 58 Bex to Sion, by les Diablerets 59 Passage of the Simplon—Sierre 83 The Maderaner Thal--Passes to the Eggischhorn, by the 84 Dissentis to 'Airolo, by the 61 Viesch to Premia or Crodo 85 Pass of the Lukmanier — Disa 62 Pass of the Gries - Oberges- 86 Ilánz to Olivone-the Disrut 87 Coire to Chiavenna- Via Mala 63 Pass of the Nüfenen (Novena), 88 Andeer to Casaccia, by the from Obergestelen to Airolo 216 Averser Thal, Forcellina and 65 Zürich to Rorschach by Rail- way-St. Gall (Railway) 217 | 89 Splügen to Ilánz, by the Pass . . . 324 or by the Col di Val Dobbia 359 112 Domo d'Ossola to Locarno, 125 Gressoney to Châtillon, by 328 the Col de Ranzola, or by the 329 127 Visp to Zermatt — Riffelberg Como, by Monte Cenere 331 | 128 Zermatt to Châtillon or Gres- 115 Baveno to Lake of Como, by Luino and Lake of Lugano 332 129 St. Niklaus to Evolena, by 118 Baveno to Varallo, by Lake 131 Aosta to Evolena and Sion, 344 132 Evolena to Zermatt, by the 119 Varallo to Alagna-Val Sesia 347 Col d'Hérens 121 Vogogna to Macugnaga— Val 134 Turin to Aosta and Cour- Monte Moro and Saas 352 135 Martigny to Aosta.—Pass of 123 Varallo to Val Anzasca, by the Val Mastalone, or by 136 Martigny to Aosta, by the 357 Val de Bagnes, the col de . . . . . |
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