out piquets in all directions, and stationed parties of sharp shooters to harass and distract the attention of the enemy; and made various other dispositions, by means of which, by the dawn of the next day, the city was in a condition to make a vigorous defence.

"Seigniors Liniers and Velasco having passed the night in a cottage at some distance, repaired, on the next day, (the 3d,) to the little village of Colegiales, whence seignior Liniers wrote to the Cabildo, to inform them of his defeat, and requesting o know the state of affairs in the city. The Cabildo acquainted him with the preparations which had been made during the preceding night; and in consequence of this communication, the general arrived in the city in the course of the same day. No alteration was made in the plan already adopted; and the only addition to it consisted in entrenching the approaches to the Grand Square, at a little distance from the entrances; in reinforcing the retiro and park of artillery with the marine corps, the company of Gallician grenadiers, and a company of the corps of Patricios; and also in fortifying the entrances of the latter square with artillery.

"On the two following days, viz. the 3d and 4th, there occurred nothing of importance. The enemy remained concentred in the enclosures of Misserene, solely occupied in sacking and pillaging, with insatiable cupidity, the adjacent farm-houses and cottages, to which a great quantity of goods, furniture, and effects of all kinds, had been conveyed from the city, all of which have been destroyed. This irregularity and want of discipline, encouraged even by their officers, and proceeding to an extent hitherto unknown in the art of war, were productive of some fatal consequences; for, with unheard-of cruelty, not only did they plunder the habitations, but also murdered the inhabitants wherever they fell in with them; and in this unfortunate calamity several women and children were sufferers. This disorder, which distracted, their attention from their chief object, was abundantly chastised by our troops, who, divided into skirmishing parties, killed or made prisoners all whom they surprised in the midst of this vile work of pillage, many of whom were in a state of intoxication.

"In the course of those two days, general Whitelocke sent in two summonses, ostentatiously setting forth the amount of his force, and demanding the surrender of the place, under the seeming pretext of an honourable capitulation. An answer was returned in the negative, in appropriate and energetic language. Such were the ardour, enthusiasm, and vigilance of our volunteers, that, without the necessity of any chief or officer to command them, they acted entirely from their own impulse. They courted every occasion of insulting the enemy; continued, without a moment's intermission, to relieve each other in the balconies, and at the out-posts; and shrunk from no duty, however fatiguing, which could contribute to the defence. of the place; but, on the contrary, went on with unshaken constancy until the 5th instant, when they finally crowned their heroism and inestimable valour. That glorious day had scarcely begun to dawn, when the enemy, dividing his army into several columns, attacked the city at all points, and at the same instant of time, with inexpressible intrepidity.

"The Retiro, which was occupied by the marine corps, was attacked by upwards of 2000, led on by general sir Samuel Áuchmuty. The commandant Concha sustained the fire of this division for three hours and an half, when, haying lost a number of men, and expended all the ammunition for his artillery, he surrendered himself prisoner of war, with all his surviving officers and troops.

"The other attacks on the city proved more fortunate for us. Language does not furnish expressions to convey an idea of the valour and enthusiasm of our people. The horror of fire and sword momentarily increased; whole columns were cut down, and numerous parties of soldiers made prisoners; and in the course of five hours the barracks were filled with the prisoners, while the streets were covered with the enemy's dead; the survivors flying for refuge to the Retiro, Providencia, and Santo Domingo. In the church belonging to the convent of the latter, a body of 800 men took shelter, and gained the roof, under the command of general Craufurd, and the perjured lieutenant-colonel, Dionisius Pack. They put to death one of the monks, and wounded another, and plundered every thing they could find in the church and the cells, with this special circumstance, that general Craufurd personally enquired for the most valuable articles. Under the pretence of a parley, they committed the

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infamous atrocity of killing the naval lieutenant Don Baltasar Unguera, first aid-decamp to seignior Liniers, and also the aid-de-camp Don Manuel de Arco. They, at the same time wounded the captain of artillery Don Jose de Pasos, aid-de-camp to seignior Elio. Seignior Liniers being informed of these events, summoned Craufurd to surrender, assuring him, that he should not experience the same condescension which, in similar circumstances, had been shewn by the governor of the Canaries, and that he would immediately proceed to level the convent with the ground. His answer was full of arrogance, signifying to the aid-de-camp, that far from thinking of surrendering, he conceived the latter had come to solicit a capitulation, and that he was determined to advance at the point of the bayonet. On the receipt of this answer, immediate preparations were made for an attack in due form. The artillery was brought up, and the fort began to play upon the town with such effect, that, seeing certain destruction before their eyes, a flag of truce was speedily displayed; and Seignior Elio having proceeded to receive their submission, Craufurd and lieutenant-colonel Pack, with their 800 soldiers, surrendered to little more than 200 men who assailed them.

"Under these circumstances, having already in our hands 2000 prisoners, and considering that the loss of the enemy, in killed and wounded, was not much less, it was resolved to send a flag of truce to general Whitelocke, to represent the advantages which had just been obtained over his troops; and, as a fresh proof of Spanish generosity, to signify that he would be permitted to re-embark his troops, and should have his prisoners restored, together with those taken at the re-conquest of the city, on condition of surrendering the fortress of Monte Video, and evacuating the River Plata. The answer, without touching materially on the subject of the proposals, concluded with requesting an armistice of twenty-four hours. A verbal message was sent in reply, intimating, that as the considerations of humanity, which prompted our proposals, had not met with an adequate reception, the horrors of war must re-commence within a quarter of an hour, and accordingly preparations were made for resuming our fire. But scarcely had one hour elapsed, when another flag of truce came in from the English general, with a letter, proposing an armistice, until an officer of superior rank could be sent to treat respecting the conciliatory propositions which had been suggested; and the proposals of the respective generals not being essentially different, a treaty was soon concluded. They waited till noon of the subsequent day for the approbation of the English admiral, which was then received, in the terms of the annexed copy.

"This signal and heroic triumph is due to the enthusiasm of a loyal and generous people, who, for the space of eleven months, have abandoned their industry, their commerce, and the comforts of their own habitations, in order to acquire a proficiency in the use of arms; and who, by sacrificing their private interests, and many of them their lives, in defence of their religion, their king, and their country, will form a memorable epoch in history, exhibiting a model of fidelity and patriotism to all those who have the happiness to be the subjects of the best of monarchs, and tơ be governed by the wisest laws in the universe.

On adding to the (English) garrison of this place, the total of the expedition under general Craufurd, in order to complete the 9,700 men who attacked us, you wil find the number of troops who left this port greater than those who disembarked, a circumstance which attaches a degree of improbability to the great loss they have sustained; but you will please to observe, that by their own confession, they lost in killed, wounded, and prisoners above 4,200 men, the number of the latter being certainly much more considerable than the former. None of them had ever returned, had not those sentiments of humanity which are inseparable from the Spanish character, and the primary interest of relieving this city, restrained the ardour of the troops, who wished to put them all to the sword.

Our loss is stated to consist of 300 killed and 500 wounded, whose blood will immortalize the memory of the inhabitants of this capital, which, merely defending itself, has re-conquered an important fortress, given the law to its besiegers, and, by compelling them to evacuate the River Plata, prevented the entire loss of this part of America, which must otherwise have certainly taken place, and of which the recovery must, perhaps, have obliged our court to assent to a dishonourable treaty."

SUPPLEMENT TO THE LONDON GAZETTE OF SATURDAY, Nov. 14. Monday, Nov. 16.-At the Court at the Queen's Palace, the 11th of November, 1807; present, the King's Most Excellent Majesty in Council.

Whereas certain orders, establishing an unprecedented system of warfare against this kingdom, and aimed especially at the destruction of its commerce and resources, were, some time since, issued by the government of France, by which "the British islands were declared to be in a state of blockade," thereby subjecting to capture, and condemnation, all vessels, with their cargoes, which should continue to trade with his majesty's dominions: and whereas, by the same order, all trading in English merchandize is prohibited, and every article of merchandize belonging to England, or coming from her colonies, or of her manufacture, is declared lawful prize." And. whereas the nations in alliance with France, and under her control, were required to give, and have given, and do give, effect to such orders: and whereas his majesty's order, of the 7th of January last, has not answered the desired purpose, either of compelling the enemy to recal those orders, or of inducing neutral nations to interpose, with effect, to obtain their revocation; but, on the contrary, the same have been recently enforced with increased rigour and whereas his majesty, under these circumstances, finds himself compelled to take further measures for asserting and vindicating his just rights, and for supporting that maritime power which the exertions and valour of his people have, under the blessing of Providence, enabled him to establish and maintain; and the maintenance of which is not more essential to safety and prosperity of his majesty's dominions, than it is to the protection of such states as still retain their independence, and to the general intercourse and happiness of mankind: his majesty is therefore pleased, by and with the advice of his privy council, to order, and it is hereby ordered, that all the ports and places of France, and her allies, or of any other country at war with his majesty, and all other ports or places in Europe, from which, although not at war with his majesty, the British flag is excluded, and all ports or places in the colonies belonging to his majesty's enemies, shall, from henceforth, be subject to the same restrictions, in point of trade and navigation, with the exceptions hereinafter-mentioned, as if the same were actually blockaded by his majesty's naval forces, in the most strict and rigorous manner:-and it is hereby further ordered, and declared, that all trade in articles which are the produce or manufacture of the said countries or colonies, shall be deemed and considered to be unlawful; and that every vessel trading from or to the said countries or colonies, together with all goods and merchandize on board, and all articles of the produce or manufacture of the said countries or colonies, shall be captured, and condemned as prize to the captors. But although his majesty would be fully justified, by the circumstances and considerations above recited, in establishing such system of restrictions with respect to all the countries and colonies of his enemies, without exception or qualification, yet his majesty, being nevertheless desirous not to subject neutrals to any greater inconvenience than is absolutely inseparable from the carrying into effect his majesty's just determination to counteract the designs of his enemies, and to retort upon his enemies themselves the consequences of their own violence and injustice, and being yet willing to hope that it may be possible (consistently with that object) still to allow neutrals the opportunity of furnishing themselves with colonial produce for their own consumption and supply; and even to leave open, for the present, such trade with his majesty's enemies, as shall be carried on directly with the ports of his majesty's dominions, or of his allies, in the manner hereinafter-mentioned: bis, majesty is therefore pleased, further to order, and it is hereby ordered, that nothing herein contained shall extend to subject to capture, or condemnation, any vessel, or the cargo of any vessel, belonging to any country not declared by this order to be subjected to the restrictions incident to a state of blockade, which shall have cleared out with such cargo from some port or place of the country to which she belongs, either in Europe or America, or from some free port in his majesty's colonies, under circumstances in which such trade from such free ports is permitted, direct to some port or place in the colonies of his majesty's enemies, or from those colonies direct to the country to which such vessel belongs, or to some free port in his majesty's colo mies, in such cases, and with such articles, as it may be lawful to import into such

free port; nor to any vessel, or the cargo of any vessel, belonging to any country not at war with his majesty, which shall have cleared out from some port or place in this kingdom, or from Gibraltar or Malta, under such regulations as his majesty may think fit to prescribe, or from any port belonging to his majesty's allies, and shall be proceeding direct from some port or place in this kingdom, or from Gibraltar or Malta, to the port specified in her clearance; nor to any vessel, or the cargo of any vessel, belonging to any country not at war with his majesty, which shall be coming from any port or place in Europe, which is declared, by this order, to be subject to the restrictions incident to a state of blockade, destined to some port or place in Europe belonging to his majesty, and which shall be on her voyage direct thereto; but these exceptions are not to be understood as exempting from capture or confiscation any vessel or goods which shall be liable thereto, in respect of having entered or departed from any port or place actually blockaded by his majesty's squadrons or ships of war, or for being enemies' property, or for any other cause than the contravention of this present order. And the commanders of his majesty's ships of war, and privateers, and other vessels acting under his majesty's commission, shall be, and are hereby instructed to warn every vessel which shall have commenced her voyage prior to any notice of this order, and shall be destined to any port of France, or of her allies, or of any other country at war with his majesty, or to any port or place from which the British flag, as aforesaid, is excluded, or to any colony belonging to his majesty's enemies, and which shall not have cleared out as is herein before allowed, to discontinue her voyage, and to proceed to some port or place in this kingdom, or to Gibraltar or Malta; and any vessel which, after having been so warned, or after a reasonable time shall have been afforded for the arrival of information of this, his majesty's order, at any port or place from which she sailed, or which, after having notice of this order, shall be found in the prosecution of any voyage contrary to the restrictions contained in this order, shall be captured, and, together with her cargo, condemned as lawful prize to the captors. And whereas countries, not engaged in the war, have acquiesced in these orders of France, prohibiting all trade in any articles the produce or manufacture of his majesty's dominions; and the merchants of those countries have given countenance and effect to those prohibitions, by accepting from persons, styling themselves commercial agents of the enemy, resident at the neutral ports, certain documents, termed "Certificates of Origin," being certificates obtained at the ports of shipment, declaring that the articles of the cargo are not of the produce or manufacture of his majesty's dominions, or to that effect: and whereas this expedient has been directed by France, and submitted to by such merchants, as part of the new system of warfare directed against the trade of this kingdom, and as the most effectual instrument of accomplishing the same, and it is therefore essentially necessary to resist it: his majesty is therefore pleased, by and with the advice of his privy council, to order, and it is hereby ordered, that if any vessel, after reasonable time shall have been afforded for receiving notice of this, his majesty's order, at the port or place from which such vessel shall have cleared out, shall be found carrying any such certificate or document as aforesaid, or any document referring to, or authenticating the same, such vessel shall be adjudged lawful prize to the captor, together with the goods laden therein, belonging to the person or persons by whom, or on whose behalf, any such document was put on board. And the right hon. the lords commissioners of his majesty's treasury, his majesty's principal secretaries of state, the lords commissioners of the admiralty, and the judges of the high court of admiralty, and courts of vice-admiralty, are to take the necessary measures herein, as to them shall respectively appertain.

W. FAWKENER.

At the Court at the Queen's Palace, the 11th of November, 1807, present, the King's most excellent Majesty in council.

Whereas articles of the growth and manufacture of foreign countries cannot by law be imported into this country, except in British ships, or in ships belonging to the To be Continued.

Printed and published by G. SIDNEY, No. 1, Northumberland-Street, Strand; Sold by H. T. HODGSON, Wimpole-street; J. BELL, Sweeting's-alley, Cornhill and by all the News-venders in Town and Country.

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Vol. III. No. 22. Saturday, November 28, 1807. Price 10d.

401 NOTICE.

In consequence of many letters which have been written to the Office where this Review is published, and of many personal applications, by gentlemen who are subscri bers to it, complaining of great irregularities and inattention in the delivery of their numbers, I feel myself under the necessity of reminding my readers, that unless they pursue the method prescribed to them long ago, it will be impossible for the publisher to discover the newsmen, against whom such complaints are made. Country subscri bers do not, in general, seem to be aware, that though a publisher's name be affixed to each Review, yet he is not, in fact, the person who directly forwards their numbers to them. The law requires that the name or names of the printer and publisher shall be affixed to every publication of this description; but it does not, therefore, follow that he serves every subscriber: in fact, he serves none-the course of the business being as follows: when an order is received for the regular service of the Review, it is immediately put into the hands of one of the London newsmen, who is in the habits of taking the Review from the Office, and he, thenceforward, undertakes to deliver the bumbers, regularly, to the persons who ordered them, upon his own risk and responsibility. The object, therefore, of my having any office at all, and of employing a person to attend there regularly, is merely for the delivery of the numbers every Saturday (the day of publication) to the respective newsmen, who supply-the subscribers in every part of the kingdom, and to furnish them, or the public, on any other day with such of the former single numbers, or volumes, bound, as may be required, as well as to receive and forward all communications that may be addressed to me. When, therefore, gentlemen apply at the office respecting. any irregularity, they should mention in their letters the name of the newsmen by whom they are served; which, it is presumed, they can easily do, since they must receive from him occasional applications for payment. By this mean we should be able to communicate to the newsmen the subject of complaint, which he would immediately rectify. It is impossible, otherwise, for the nominal publisher to find out the persons by whom subscribers are served. In all cases of irregularity, gentlemen should, in the first instance, apply to their regular, newsmen, and, when that fails, then to the office. Every effort, on our part, has, been made to cause every letter, complaining of negligence to be attended to, but it frequently happens, that we have not been successful, on account of the difficulty of discovering the particular newsmen to whom such applications relate. Latterly, we have adopted the plan of taking down the name and address of the subscriber, and the name of the newsman to whom the order is given. In this case, the remedy is at hand; but the same advantage cannot be expected when gentlemen have ordered the Review not directly from the Office.

It is also necessary to state, that there are not an hundred separate numbers of the first volume remaining, and not more than 43 sets bound up in volumes.

Of the second volume, several numbers are entirely out of print, particularly Nos. 1, 2, 3, 5, and 15, and but a few remain of the other 26 numbers. But complete sets of the volume, bound, may be had by application at the Office of publication.

It is not, at present, in my, power to mention, with accuracy, how many of each number of the present volume are on hand, as no exact account has yet been taken of them; but I understand that there may remain from 15 to 20 of each number

I have been thus explicit, that one general and public answer may suffice to the numerous enquiries, and remonstrances, which have been made; and that my subscribers may know precisely how the business of the publication of my Review is conducted, and how far I possess the means of complying with their requisitions.

There is yet another complaint which has not been noticed, and this comes from my city friends they complain that the Review is often late in the delivery on Saturdays, particularly in the city, where it frequently does not arrive before five o'clock in the evening,

VOL. III.-No. 22.