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end of the third generation, with the methodical precision of the custom of the Puritans, were written and are now to be found in the official records of North Stonington, Connecticut.

In the first generation we find the names: Sarah, Jonah, John, William, Andrew, Thomas, Sumner, and Eunice.

Doubtless in memory of John's mother, and in recognition of her illustrious ancestry, the seventh child was called Sumner. The other Bible names show the Puritan spirit that governed their selection.

Andrew, the fifth child, was born at North Stonington, March third, 1719. He was married to Hannah, the daughter of Benoni Smith, the year 1746.

To them ten children were born and to each was given a name taken from the Bible: Andrew, Joseph, Ruth, Hannah, Andrew 2nd, Nahum, Nathan, Amos, Sarah, and Jonas.

Andrew, the first born, died in his fourth year and in his memory Andrew the second was named.

The eighth child, Amos, was among the early pioneers from New England.

The first white settlement was made in Ohio at Marietta. These settlers came mostly from New England, and among them were veterans of the Revolutionary War.

In 1787 Congress had made provision for such settlement, and General Arthur St. Clair had been sent out as governor. His humiliating defeat by the Indians evoked the wrath of Washington who recalled him and sent the brave and daring Anthony Wayne to retrieve the disaster. By him the Indians were routed at a battle on the Maumee, not far from the present site of Toledo.

In 1795 the treaty of Greenville was signed and all northern Ohio was ceded to the United States and was soon thickly settled by a tide of immigrants flowing in from New England.

In 1816 Indiana was admitted to the Union and, during the six years preceding, the population of Ohio had grown from two hundred thousand to four hundred thousand; while that of Indiana had increased threefold.

Northern Indiana is doubtless the moraine of a sometime glacier that piled up, north of the Wabash, with deposit of clay, gravel, and boulders, which characterize that half of the state. Southern Indiana is altogether different. The Wabash, famed in song and story, navigable for three hundred miles, crosses the state midway of its latitude and then, with a sharp turn southward, constitutes its western boundary with Illinois and, in conjunction with the Ohio, throws southern Indiana into a great peninsula. Here, through uncounted centuries, a forest vast and undisturbed had endowed the soil with a depth and richness surpassed by no garden spot on earth. The Whitewater Valley was and is yet an area of most delightsome fertility and verdure.

But more significant even than the physical aspect of these fair forest glades is the character of the people that flowed in to take possession of them.

In Boston the Ohio Company had been organized, and to it there had been made a grant of one and one half million acres. Immediately the great northern watershed into Lake Erie, as well as southern Michigan, became the centres of teeming populations. The great tide of immigration flowed around the Whitewater Valley but not into it. Only very quietly, man by man, and family by family, this garden spot of the state came to be occupied.

Gradually but persistently the cornfields and orchards of the husbandmen emerged from the falling forests of the pioneer. While these forests were tumbling, to be turned into bridges and town halls and schools and homes, there came among the pioneers Amos Chapman, who had met and married Elizabeth Cox and afterward settled in Wayne County, Indiana.

To them were born nine children: Amos, Mary, Sidney, Rosann, Nancy Fewell, Joseph Fewell, Betsey Ann, John, and Ellis.

Amos Chapman, the first born, became a physician and on December seventh, 1820, married Anna Garner, who was born May tenth, 1799, and died in 1835.

To them were born six children: Elizabeth, Mary, Alexander Hamilton, Ann, Matilda, and Garner.

Alexander Hamilton, the third child, was born in Brownsville, Indiana, August twenty-sixth, 1826. With his father he studied medicine, but never followed the profession. He lived successively in Brownsville, Alquina, Richmond, Knightstown, Richmond (all in Indiana), West Florence, Ohio, and again and finally in Richmond, Indiana. He was married at Westville, Ohio, to Lorinda, daughter of James and Mary Bell McWhinney.

To them six children were born: Ida Lorinda, J. Wilbur, Edwin Garner, Anna Mary, Jessie Luella, Charles Rachford.

Both parents died in Richmond: the mother October twenty-ninth, 1872; and the father, March sixteenth, 1878.

CHAPTER II

ENVIRONMENT

J. WILBUR CHAPMAN was born in Richmond, Indiana, on Friday, June seventeenth, 1859.

The natural environment of Richmond, his home life, his boyhood associates and activities, the church, the school, the very atmosphere, surcharged with elements that were to break into flames of civil war-all these made their contribution to the moulding of his character.

In 1804 two men from Kentucky, Judge Peter Fleming and Joseph Wasson, a soldier of the Revolution, discovered the Whitewater Valley and made the first entry of land near the line that divided Ohio from what was then known as the Indian Territory.

Prior to that time no white man had ventured to invade the forest of the Whitewater Valley where the wild beast and the Indian roamed unmolested except when at war with one another.

For nearly a century a divine palladium had turned aside the swirling waves, one after another, of alien immigration, to reserve the cathedral forest aisles for Puritan and Quaker, the latter, as a guerdon for their meekness, taking possession of the greater part of the inheritance.

In 1806 David Hoover, with some companions, left his father's house on the Miami and, having passed the Kentucky settlement on the Whitewater, explored the west

bank of the Middle Fork to within a mile and a half of the present site of Richmond.

They returned home, declaring that they had found gushing springs of cold water, future mill-seats, limestone and gravel quarries and, in fact-"the promised land."

Upon this favourable report the Hoover family, the same year, 1806, moved up to the Middle Fork and took possession of several hundred acres of choice land.

Judge Hoover belonged to the Society of Friends and he delighted to call himself a John the Baptist of that sect which settled and fixed its indelible impress upon Richmond.

This same Judge Hoover was the ancestor-so it is by some supposed-of the modern Joseph destined to control the granaries of the world during a famine more devastating than the one that swept over and desolated Egypt.

For ten years the town was called Smithville, after John Smith, one of the first settlers.

When the townsite was laid out, and lots began to be sold, the townspeople objected to the plebeian "Smithville." The question was referred to Thomas Roberts, James Regg, and David Hoover.

Roberts suggested Waterford, Reggs liked Plainfield, Hoover proposed Richmond. Hoover's preference was adopted and Smithville was discarded for Richmond.

Timothy Nicholson, now more than ninety years of age and living in Richmond, states that:

Friends, chiefly from North and South Carolina, were the first settlers in Richmond in 1806, and for several years they constituted much the larger part of the citizens, and even now Richmond is often called "The Quaker City of the West," as Philadelphia is termed "The Quaker City."

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