county at Emsworth, a hamlet of Warblington, situated at the head of a channel which forms part of Chichester harbour, and opposite Thorney island. Shipbuilding, roperies, and sail-making are carried on by the inhabitants. There is some trade in timber, and an oyster fishery. This is the station for HAYLING (Helyngay Island i. e. Helinga's Isle), where there is a small bathing-place with some good houses. In the north-west is a large round camp called Tunorbury, after the Saxon idol Thor. The next station is HAVANT, (Havehunte of Domesday 2 miles) which stands at the head of Langston harbour. The church, dedicated to St. Faith, is cruciform, of mixed architecture Norman to Perpendicular, with a central tower 54 feet high, and north porch. The pillars are circular; there are Norman sedilia in the south transept, and in the north aisle is the effigy of Thomas Aylward, secretary to the munificent William of Wykeham, and rector of the parish. The stained glass in the east window was the gift of Sir T. Staunton. The swing bridge over the channel was erected in 1828, at a cost of 12,000l. At LEIGH Park, to the north of Havant, lived Sir George Staunton, bart., author of "Lord Macartney's Embassy." The church of Warblington (2 miles west from Emsworth) is said to have been built by two maiden sisters, the coheiresses of the family of de Warblington. The north side of the nave has simple pillars, 2 feet in diameter and 8 feet high; while on the south side they are clustered, four shafts of Sussex marble surrounding a central pier of freestone. At the east end of either aisle was a chantry. In the south chapel is an altar tomb with an effigy of a lady; and on the north side is an incised slab of grey marble with a similar memorial. There are several ancient stone coffins. The chancel retains a considerable portion of its encaustic floor. Near the church are a Tudor gateway and tower-the remains of the castle of the Montacutes, Earls of Salisbury. It was formerly a square of 209 feet on each side, built of brick and faced with stone. The whole area, consisting of an acre in extent, was girt with a moat ten feet deep. A large advanced work or

camp of five acres, with a rampart eight feet high, and a fosse protected the north angle. Bishop Cotton of Salisbury was born at Warblington; and the Countess of Salisbury, who is buried at Christchurch, was arrested here in 1539.

To the west of Havant is Bedhampton. The manor was once held by Elizabeth, widow of John Earl of Kent, who assumed the veil in the agony of grief for her loss. But a gallant and courteous knight, Sir Eustace Dabrishecourt, laid siege to the fair recluse, wooed and won her; and before sunrise on St. Michael's day they were married by a canon of the College of Wingham. The archbishop imposed a heavy penance upon the bride and bridegroom, and they were moreover enjoined to found a chantry in the parish church. She died here in 1411. At Farlington church (2 miles south) there is an effigy of a crusader. Purbrook Park (J. Deverell) and Bedhampton Park are situated between Farlington and Bere Forest; and to the north-west of Bedhampton Park is Roland's Castle, called after "Roland the brave," whose ruined tower yet looks down on the Rhine-girt Nonnenworth : the mound on which the castle stood alone remains. The next village is COSHAM, where there is a station. On the south slope of Portsdown, and north-west of Cosham, is Widley church, and to the west that of Wymering, which exhibits several Norman features. The approach on this side is unpromising, but Hampshire does not mostly consist, as here, of marshy land and monotonous flat. The traveller from Sussex or from Devon will find in it scenes as lovely as any of those on which he has already looked-scenes of peace, sweetness, and beauty, which will revive the heart and make young again the mind of him who arrives from feverish Londonscenes full of innocent pleasures, where thought becomes poetic, and feeling devout. The great wave of the German Ocean, which swept over Lionesse and Lomea; or the more terrible power which sundered Kent from Picardy, and so gave to England an impregnable sea-wall, and disunited from Hampshire that island which lies now anchored at its side, the fairest part of fair England, the lovely miniature of the most delicious landscape, com

bining the grandest sea-views with the verdant downs and wooded heights of neighbouring counties, and which form a roadstead, secure and tranquil, before the harbour, of Portsmouth.

The railway soon after leaving Cosham, crosses the lines of Hilsea and terminates at

PORTSMOUTH;

"A broad-armed port,

Where laughing at the storm brave navies ride."

From Portsmouth to London the journey occupied two days in the times of the roundabout, and flying diligences; and in 1820 was not accomplished under ten hours. The South-Western Railway is 94 miles long; but express trains by the direct line, opened in 1859, perform the journey in one hour and three quarters.

This place offers a superb idea of the maritime power of this country, whose marriage ring is the sea, and whose position is the heart of the modern world. All that was to be seen at Tyre, or is read of in history, here appears united in one grand point, a common centre of commerce and correspondence with all parts of the globe, all lands being laid under tribute to increase the strength, riches, and prosperity of Great Britain. Great is her blessing; her responsibilities are proportionate to her duty of being a faithful steward for Him whose will has created her power. The view of Portsmouth from the sea is remarkably imposing; it includes the cupola of St. Thomas's, the spires of St. Jude's and Trinity Church, with the towers of the semaphore and dockyard, the fine groups of trees along the ramparts reaching from Pembroke Bastion to the East Bastion, the green slopes of the glacis, the grey walls of the moated lines, which would take 14,000 troops to man, and the white gleaming forts at the mouth of the harbour, with Southsea Castle in the foreground. Behind, over the dense masts of the menof-war, resembling a northern forest in the leafless winter

rise in soft swells the pale blue ridges of Portsdown with Porchester Castle, grey in the distance, crouched at its feet, the glittering water covered with every variety of moving craft. Strong defences, vast and majestic ships, stupendous engines, the fruits of mechanical genius, are the features of an unrivalled landscape, to which no other seaport can offer a parallel, while the extent and magnificence of this great national establishment afford the highest illustration of the enormous wealth and still mightier energies of England. The town has been steadily increasing during the present century.

The harbour, an inlet of the British Channel, four miles deep, and reaching 16 miles from Fareham to Fishbourne, is divided by the alluvial islands of Portsea (Port's Isle) and Hayling, into three parts, that on the west being the harbour of Portsmouth; the middle portion forming Langston harbour; and the easternmost separated by Thorney and Pilsey Islands, into Emsworth Channel, famous for oysters, and Chichester harbour. At a mile and a half from the entrance of the port, the main channel is subdivided into three branches, leading severally to Fareham, Porchester, and Portsbridge. The mouth of the harbour is two miles wide between Fort Monkton and Southsea Castle; the actual entrance being about one furlong across. Between Gosport and the Dockyard its width is half a mile; further inland it expands to a breadth of three miles, and contains Pewit, Horsea, and Whale Islands. A first-rate can enter the port at almost any time of the tide. It is the finest harbour in England, with the exception of Milford Haven; and the Isle of Wight forms a natural breakwater to shelter the anchorage of Spithead. Up the creeks are found larks; the cross-bill and snowbunting occasionally; but widgeons, wild ducks, teal, and curlews abound.

The Roman title of the Great Port, or the Chief (Porta) of some Saxon invaders in 501, gave origin to the present name of the town. Cattle from the west, coals from the north of England, corn and provisions from Ireland, eggs and game from France, timber from the Baltic, foreign fruits and the wines of Sicily and the Peninsula, employ upwards of two hundred sail of trading vessels, while steamers ply for conveying passengers to the west of France and Ireland. The island of Portsea is famous for its productive soil, brocoli arriving at a great size, and the vine bearing grapes of fine flavour. In the island, as in Ireland, the folks say that no reptile is to be found.

Portsmouth with Portsea, had in 1851, a population of 55,000. The town is not mentioned in Domesday, nor are Gosport, Petersfield, or Lymington. Christchurch and Romsey were then mere villages. Portsmouth was incorporated