اد αν 524. Οὐκ ἂν γένοιτό ποθ ̓ οὗτος εὐγενὴς ἀνής. Several readings of this verse are mentioned by Mr Porson (p. 10, 11, 63), who appears to hesitate between οὔποτε γένοιτ' ἂν and οὐκ ἂν γένοιτ ̓ ἔθ ̓. Perhaps the poet wrote, Oix äv yévoir' äv oûtos evyevns ¿vnę. † Ibid. 706. The convertibility of d and yag, of which we shall have occasion to give more than one instance in the course of this article, is mentioned by Mr Porson in his note on Med. 1083, and elsewhere. We do not object to Heath's emendation, M. ἄχος. Phil. 491. Τραχινίαν τε δειράδα, καὶ τὸν εὔρον. Mr Porson, as we are informed, read dugd, ". Ibid. 1288. Пãs &παs; oux äga devregov doλovμsta. Mr Porson (p. 12) proposes ago, or aga without the negative particle. The latter emendation appears to us to be preferable, A tragic senarius, according to Mr Porson (p. 20), admits an iambus into any place; a tribrach into any place except the sixth; a spondee into the first, third and fifth; a dactyl into the first and third; and an anapest into the first alone. So that the first foot of the senarius is capable of five different forms; the third of four; the fifth of three; the second and fourth of two; and the sixth of only one. Two hundred and forty different varieties of the senarius may be produced, without employing any combination of feet unauthorised by Mr Porson's rule. The tragic poets, however, do not often admit more than two trisyllabic feet into the same verse; and never, if our observation be accurate, more than three. The admission of anapests into the second, third, fourth and fifth places, and of dactyls into the fifth place, increases the varieties of the comic senarius to seven hundred and ten. The number would be eleven hundred and twenty-five, if four hundred and fifteen combinations were not rejected, because they exhibit a tribrach or a dactyl immediately before an anapest. E 2 * No + This mode of exhibiting the double is one of the most frequent. The following corrections are submitted to the judgment of ⚫ur readers. Æschyl Choëph. 854. Outo Qgiv av nλélei av åμμaτωμμένην. Soph. Εl. 913. ̓Αλλ' οὐδὲ μὲν δὴ μητρὸς οὔθ ̓ ὁ νοῦς φιλεῖ Τοιαῦτα πράσσειν, οὔτε ὁρῶσ ̓ ἂν ἔλαθεν ἄν. Eurip. Τro. 997. Εἰ δ ̓ ἦσαν οἴκοι, χρηστὸς ὢν ἂν ἔλαθεν ἄν. Bacch. 1309. τὸν γέροντα δὲ Οὐδεὶς ὑβρίζειν Ελυσε γὰρ αἰνὸν ἄχος ἀπ ̓ ὀμμάτων "Αρης. Read, Ἔλυση δ ̓ αἰνὸν ἄχος, ἤθελ', εἰσορῶν τὸ σὸν Κάρα· δίκην γὰρ ἀξίαν ἂν ἔλαβεν ἄν. Herc. 188. Ετοῦ, τίν ̓ ἄνδρ ̓ ἄριστον ἂν κρίνειαν ἄν. αν αν * That all such combinations are to be rejected, was first distinctly taught by Dawes in the year 1745. In the year 1713, the great father of this department of criticism proposed the following verses as legitimate senarii, in the second edition of his Emendations of Menander No regular tragic senarius, of whatsoever feet it is composed, can possibly exhibit two short syllables enclosed between two long ones, or more than three long syllables, without the intervention of a short one. A moment's consideration will satisfy the reader, that all such combinations of syllables are absolutely incompatible with the structure of the verse. The inability to employ four or more long syllables together, is productive of so little practical inconvenience, that the tragedians appear to have acquiesced in it without difficulty. The inadmissibility of two short syllables enclosed between two long ones, is a much more serious grievance. Many persons of great eminence have had the misfortune to bear names constituted in that unaccommodating form. Such were Ægialeus, Andromache, Andromeda, Antigone, Antiope, Bellerophontes, Hermione, Hippodamia, Hypsipyle, Iphigenia, Laodamia, Laomedon, Penelope, Protesilaus, Tiresias, and a great many more of equal fame. Although all these persons were admirably qualified by their names, as well as by their actions, to shine in epic poetry, unhappily not one of them' is capable of being mentioned by name in a tragic senarius composed in the regular manner. There is also another class of persons not altogether so unfortu nate, whose names are excluded only in some of the oblique' cases as Hippolytus, Neoptolemus, Enomaus, Talthybius, &c. In favour of all such persons, and perhaps of the names of places which are formed in the same manner, the tragic poets occasionally transgress the ordinary rules of their versification. Proper names which cannot enter the senarius in the regular way, are admitted into it in two different manners. The first, of which Mr Porson has not spoken, consists in substituting a choriambus in the place of the first dipodia of the verse: This Menander and Philemon: P. 30. Ἐξ ἱσταρίου γὰρ ἐκρέματο φιλοπόνως πάνυ. P. 33. ̓Αχρειότερος· διπλάσια γὰρ ἐσθίει μάτην. We have just nos ticed the continual confusion which subsists between yàg and de. In the year 1796, the use of a tribrach, although not of a dactyl, before an anapest, was defended by the learned Hermann. Three' only of the thirteen instances which he produces (M. p. 158), appear to be capable of creating any difficulty. Aristoph. Ach. 927. Δός μοι φορετὸν, ἵν ̓ αὐτὸν ἐνδήσας φέρω, Ὥσπερ κέραμον, ἵνα μὴ καταγῇ φερό μενος. For ἵνα μὴ καταγῇ read καὶ μὴ καταγῇ. Nub. 662. Ogas a πάσχεις; τήν τε θήλειαν καλεῖς ̓Αλεκτρυόνα κατὰ ταυτὸς καὶ τὸν ἄῤῥενα. Α satisfactory correction does not occur to us. Pac. 246. Ιὼ Μέγαρα, Μέγας, ὡς ἐπιτρέψεσθ' αὐτίκα, Απαξάπαντα καταμεμυττωτευμένα. In addition to the tribrach before the anapest, we suspect that the passive sense of irreses is destitute of authority. We read: 'I Miyagñs, ὡς ἐπιτετρίψεσθ' αὐτίκα, Απαξάπαντες καταμεμυττωτευμένοι, This practice has been adopted by Eschylus in two well known instances. Theb. 494. Ιππομέδοντος σχῆμα καὶ μέγας τύπος. Ibid. 553. Παρθενοπαῖος ̓Αρκάς· ὁ δὲ τοιόσδ ̓ ἀνής. The only other instance of this license, with which we are acquainted, is produced from a play of Sophocles by Priscian (p. 1328): 'Axqcißolar, iv o yevvas arg. The second and more usual mode of introducing νήσας πατήρ. proper names of this form into the verse, consists in admitting the two short syllables, and the following long syllable of the proper name, as one foot, into the second, third, fourth or fifth place of the verse. We have not observed more than one instance of this practice in the surviving plays of Eschylus. Theb. 575. ̓Αλκήν τ ̓ ἄριστον, μάντιν, Αμφιάρεω (pronounced 'Αμ Φιάρω) βίαν. Sophocles and Euripides, however, will furnish examples in great abundance. In the Orestes of Euripides, the name of Hermione occurs in a senarius ten times. In nine of these instances, the anapest occupies the fourth place in the This last circumstance is in a great measure the natural consequence of the predilection of the tragic poets for the penthemimeral cæsura, verse. We have some doubts whether the tragedians ever extended this license to patronymics. We are not at present able to recollect any authority for the following emendation proposed by Mr Porson (p. 38): Soph. Phil. 1333. Axid de Toir Tag. ημιν ἐντυχών, We read: Καὶ τοῖν παρ' ἡμῖν ἐντυχὼν Ασκληπιού. που A few senarii may be found, which contain anapests in some of the four middle places, composed of the three first syllables of a proper name. Most of the following instances are borrowed from Mr Porson (p. 24, 25); and their number is so small, that we do not hesitate to consider them as corrupt, although we do not pretend to correct them. Soph. Aj. 1008. H ov Τελάμων, ὁ σὸς πατής, ἐμός θ ̓ ἅμα. The reading of this verse, as Mr Porson observes, is uncertain. The different readings, with the authorities on which they depend, may be seen in Brunck's note. The anapest may be avoided, by adopting the emendation of Toup : "Η πού με Τελάμων, σὸς πατήρ. Phil. 793. ὦ διπλοῖ στρατηλάται, Αγάμεμνον, ὦ Μενέλαε, πῶς ἂν ἀντ ̓ ἐμοῦ. Mr Her 3 mann reads (H. p. lxii), Πῶς ἂν, ̓Αγάμεμνον καὶ Μενέλεως, ἀντ ̓ ἐμοῦ. In all probability, Mr Hermann has long been convinced, that the first and fifth feet of this verse are such as Sophocles never exhibited. The poet might have written, if he had thought proper to do so, Μενέλαος, Αγαμέμνων τε, πῶς ἂν ἀντ ̓ ἐμοῦ. Εurip. Οr. 459. Απωλόμην, Μενέλας. Τυνδάρεως όδε Στείχει πρὸς ἡμᾶς. If the fault is not in the word Manas, perhaps we ought to read, M λα, ἀπωλόμεσθα. Iph. Aul. 1168. Ελένην Μενέλαος ἵνα λάβη, καλον γεν Maves is an obvious correction; but we suspect that Eu- E 3 ripides ripides wrote: Μενέλαος ̔Ελένην ἵνα λάβη, καλόν γ ̓ ἔθος Κακῆς γυναικὸς μισθὸν ἀποτῖσαι τέκνα. The intermediate step between γ' ἔθος and γένος is γ ̓ ἔθνος. Γένους for ἔθους occurs in Athenæus (p. 297, D). The modern editions of Euripides read, καλόν γε, να, &c.; which reading we do not presume lightly to abrogate. Hel. 86. "Ovaμα μὲν ἡμῖν Τεύκρος· ὁ δὲ φύσας πατὴς Τελάμων· Σαλαμὶς δὲ πατρὶς ἡ θρέ ασά με. Herc. 220. Ὃς εἷς Μινύαισι πᾶσι διὰ μάχης μολών. Read, Μινύαισιν εἷς ὃς πᾶσι. Εl. 314. Μήτηρ δ' ἐμὴ Φρυγίοισιν ἐν σκυλεύμασι Θρόνῳ κάθηται, πρὸς δ ̓ ἕδρας Ασιήτιδες Δμωαὶ στατίζουσ ̓, ὃς ἔπερσ ̓ ἐμὸς πατής. Mr Hermann reads : Μήτες δὲ Φρυγίοις ἐν σκυλεύμασιν θρόνῳ Ἐμὴ κάθηται, πρὸς δὲ ἕδραισιν 'Ασίδες. Unfortunately, the first syllable οἱ σκύλευμα is long. The following arrangement is at least exempt from any violation of the metre : Μήτηρ δ' ἐμὴ Φρυγῶν μὲν ἐν σκυλεύμασι Θρόνῳ κάθηται, πρὸς θ ̓ ἕδραισιν Ασιάδες. The words σκύλο τε Φρυγών occur in the Troades, v. 573. The particle μὲν is used as in Iph. Aul. 73. ἀνθηρὸς μὲν εἱμάτων στολῇ, Χρυσῷ λαμπρός, βαρβάρω χλιδήματι. We form the same judgment of those verses, in which the three last syllables of a proper name of four or five syllables are used as an anapest without necessity. Esch. Prom. 839. Σας φῶς ἐπίστασ', Ιόνιος κεκλήσεται. This is not a real instance, as we believe the first syllable of Ιόνιος to be short. It is, indeed, sometimes made long for the convenience of the metre, like the first syllable of Ἰταλία or ισόθεος. It is short, however, in the Phoenissæ of Euripides, v. 216, where the words Ιόνιον κατὰ Correspond with ἴσα δ' ἀγάλμασι in the antistrophe. In most of the editions, the first syllable of a is improperly circumflexed. Eurip. Οr. 1654. ὃς δ ̓ οἴεται Νεοπτόλεμος γαμεῖν νιν, οὐ γαμεῖ ποτέ. The word Νεοπτόλεμος is commonly read in the tragedies as if it were written Νουπτόλεμος. In the present verse, however, if the common reading be correct, the contraction of the two first syllables does not take place. We suspect that one long syllable or two short syllables have been omitted after Νεοπτόλεμος. Iph. Taur. 825. Ἐκτήσαθ ̓ ἱπποδάμειαν, Οινόμαον κτανών. Read Oilμαον ἑλων, from Pindar, Olymp. I. 142. The same variety oceurs Med. 385. Ibid. 1456. "Αρτεμιν δέ νιν βροτοὶ Τὸ λοιπὸν ὑμνήσουσε Ταυροπόλον θεάν. We should prefer Ταυροπόλον ἀεί. Τro. 1126. Αὐτ τὸς δ ̓ ἀνῆκται Νεοπτόλεμος, καινάς τινας Πηλέως ἀκούσας ξυμφοράς. Ion. 267. Ἐκ γῆς πατρός σου πρόγονος ἔβλαστεν πατήρ; Εριχθόνιος γε. τὸ δὲ γένος μ ̓ οὐκ ὠφελεῖ. Perhaps we ought to read Εριχθονίου γε, ἔκγονός εἰμι being understood. Εl. 4. Κτείνας δὲ τὸν κρατοῦντ ̓ ἐν Ἰλιάδι χθονία For ΙΛΙΑΔΙ read ΙΔΑΙΑΙ, The following verses may also be considered as in some degree licentious. Eurip. Herc. 2. ̓Αργεῖον ̓Αμφιτρύων, ὃν ̓Αλκαῖος TOTE. Ibid. 701. Εἰς καιρὸν οἴκων ̓Αμφιτρύων ἔξω περᾷ. The second syllable syllable of 'Argówy is not necessarily short, and is lengthened more than once in the same play. As the tragic trimeter iambic admits anapests when they are contained in proper names, so, it is not unreasonable to suppose, that the tragic tetrameter trochaic admits dactyls in similar circumstances, and for the same reason. The thirty-two tragedies, however, afford only two examples of this practice, both of which are probably corrupt: Eurip. Iph. Aul. 882. Eis ἄς' Ιφιγένειαν Ελένης νόστος ἦν πεπρωμένος. Ibid. 1352. Πάντες "Ελληνες. στρατὸς δὲ Μυρμιδόνων οὔ σοι παρῆν. Read στρατὸς δὲ Μυρμιδών. ' With regard to unnecessary dactyls in this metre, it may be observed, that they are liable to the same objections as unnecessary anapests in iambic verses, together with the additional objection, that they are divided between two words. Mr Porson (p. 25) produces three examples of this kind, of which the first alone deserves much consideration. Eurip. Or. 1533. Ei ve 'Agyelous ἐπάξει τοῖσδε δώκασιν λαβὼν, Τὸν Ἑλένης φόνον διώκων, κἀμὲ μὴ σώζειν θέλει, Ξύγγονον τ ̓ ἐμὴν, Πυλάδην τε, τὸν τάδε ξυνδρῶντά μοι, Παρθένον τε καὶ δάμαρτα δύο νέκρω κατόψεται. The obnoxious verse is thus corrected by the learned Hermann (H. p. Ixiv): yyovon Euny Tade Ilλάδην τε τὸν ξυνδρῶντά μοι. In this verse, the rhythm is violated by the tribrach, which begins on the last syllable of a word of more than one syllable. We suspect that the word He has crept into the text from an interlinear gloss, and that the poet wrote, Ξύγγονον τ ̓ ἐμὴν, τρίτον τε τὸν τάδε ξυνδρῶντά μοι. This use of τρίτος is not rare. So Eurip. Hippol. 1404. Πατέρα τε, καὶ σὲ, καὶ τρίτην ξυνάορον. Every person conversant with Greek MSS. is aware how often proper names supplant the words which are intended to represent them. See, for instance, Eurip. Med. 58. where Mr Porson has restored decoins instead of Madras, and Aristoph. Plut. 1173, where all the editions read ouros instead of θεός. Mr Porson's second instance of a divided dactyl is Iph. Aul. 324. Οὐ, πρὶν ἂν δείξω Δαναοῖσι πᾶσι (Δαναοῖς ἅπασι Αld.) τἀγγεγραμμένα. The true reading, δείξω γε Δαναοῖς πᾶσι, which is exhibited in one MS., and is mentioned with approbation by Mr Porson, has lately been admitted into the text by Mr Gaisford. The suppression of the verb after où renders the introduction of ye almost indispensably necessary. The third instance is from the same play, v. 354. 'Ως δ' ἄνολβον εἶχες ὄμμα, σύγχυσίν τε, μὴ νεῶν Χιλίων ἄρχων, Πριάμου τε πεδίον ἐμπλήσας δοξός. The meaning of these lines appears to be: Do you remember how unhappy you were, because you were not able to land your army at Troy, although you had a thousand ships under your command ? If this interpretation be correct, the conjunction in the second verse E 4 |